…… context is the language that surrounds or accompanies the piece of discourse under analysis.. …… is the use of one lexical item with the same meaning in more than one sentence.. …… m
Trang 11 …… context is the language that surrounds or accompanies the piece of
discourse under analysis
a Non-linguistic
b Experiential
c All are correct
d Linguistic
2 …… expresses the relationship of identity which exists between units
in discourse
a Ellipsis
b Substitution
c Conjunction
d Reference
3 …… is the use of one lexical item with the same meaning in more than
one sentence
a synonymy
b Repetition
c general word
d antonymy
4 …… is the relation between class and (direct) subclass
a Superordinate
b Synonymy
c Meronymy
d Antonymy
5 …… is not an anaphoric relation
a Substitution
b Conjunction
c Reference
d Ellipsis
6 …… means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse by
direct repetition or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations
a Reiteration
b All are correct
c Repetition
d Collocation
Trang 27 …… presents a part/whole relationship
a Synonymy
b Antonymy
c Meronymy
d Superordinate
8 …… reference: points the reader/listener backwards to a previously
mentioned entity, process or state
a Anaphoric
b Endophoric
c Exophoric
d Cataphoric
9 …… reference items are expressed through personal pronouns,
possessive pronouns and possessive determiners
a Personal
b Demonstrative
c Comparartive
d All are correct
10 …… reference: points the reader/ listener backwards to previously
mentioned entity, process or state
a Endophoric
b Exophoric
c Cataphoric
d Anaphoric
11 …… reference points the reader or listener forwards
a Endophoric
b Exophoric
c Cataphoric
d Anaphoric
12 …… refers to the association of lexical items that regularly co-occur
a Reiteration
b Repetition
c Collocation
d Synonymy
Trang 313 …… refers to the relationship between a particular text and other texts
which share characteristics with it
a Informativity
b Intentionality
c Acceptabilty
d Intertextuality
14 …… refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within
which the discourse is embedded
a Discourse
b Context
c Textuality
d Text
15 …… refers to those pairs of opposites that are gradable such as
thin><thick
a Contrary relation
b ordered series
c Complementary relation
d Relational opposite
16 …… refer to the information communicated by choosing a word which
expresses one value from a scale of values
a Generalized conversational implicature
b All are correct
c Scalar implicatures
d Particularized conversational implicatures
17 …… refers to the use of nouns with general meanings to refer to some
item with specific meanings
a General word
b Meronymy
c Superordinate
d Antonymy
18 …… refers to the relation between different words bearing the same
meaning or nearly the same meaning
a Synonymy
b superodinate
c antonymy
Trang 419 …… state(s) the ‘essence’ of the act, i.e., that the utterance ‘counts as’
speech act x or y or z
a Sincerity condition
b Preparatory conditions
c Essential condition
d Propositional content conditions
20 A 3rd person form typically refers …… to a preceding item in the text
a cataphorically
b endophorically
c exophorically
d anaphorically
21 A discourse can be of any size as long as it forms a (n)……
a All are correct
b group of sentences
c large stretch of language
d meaningful whole
22 A (n) …… act is the act of saying something which is meaningful and
can be understood
a illocutionary
b All are correct
c locutionary
d perlocutionary
23 A (n) …… act is performed via the communicative force of an
utterance
a illocutionary
b All are correct
c locutionary
d perlocutionary
24 A ( n ) ……… act is the results or effects that are produced by means
of saying something
a perlocutionary
b All are correct
c illocutionary
d locutionary
Trang 525 A presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case ……
making an utterance
a All are correct
b before
c while
d after
26 According to David Nunan, (1993), …… can be related, not only in
terms of the idea they share, but also in terms of their functions within the discourse
a sentences
b Phrases
c All are correct
d words
27 According to Nunan (1993) there are …… types of context
a five
b four
c two
d three
28 According to J R Firth, by studying conversations can we understand
…… better
a All are correct
b language and its form
c language and its function
d Language and its structure
29 According to J R Firth, the context consists of …… elements
a 5
b 4
c 3
d 2
30 According to J R Firth, all meaning was ……
a All are correct
b function in context
c context-free
d form-based
Trang 631 According to Carthy (1993), cohesion is a guide to ……
a intentionality
b informativity
c coherence
d Intertextuality
32 According to Halliday & Hasan, (1976), discourse is ……
a a grammatical unit
b isolated words or sentences
c a unit of language in use
d a unit of form
33 According to Halliday & Hasan, substitution is a relation within the text
on the …… level
a syntactical
b lexical
c lexico-grammatical
d grammatical
34 According to Searles, Could you lend me a pen, please? is a (n) ……
a commissive
b directive
c representative
d expressive
35 According to Searles, We will not do that is a ( n ) ……
a commissive
b representative
c expressive
d directive
36 According to Dell Hymes, the context consists of …… elements
a 9
b 10
c 11
d 8
Trang 737 Action performed via utterances are generally call ……
a All are correct
b speech acts
c speaking acts
d utterance acts
38 Apologize, thank, deplore, compliment are examples of ……
a exercitives
b commissives
c behabitives
d verdictives
39 appoint, dismiss, degrade, name, order, sentence are examples of ……
a exercitives
b behabitives
c commissives
d verdictives
40 Based on ……, reference is classified into exophoric and endophoric
reference
a All are correct
b reference realization
c its function
d pointing direction
41 Bert: Do you like ice-cream?
Ernie: Is the Pope Catholic
Which maxim is violated in the above text?
a Quantity
b Relation
c Manner
d Quality
42 Contrary, complementary, relational opposite and ordered series are the
four subtypes of ……
a meronymy
b antonymy
c synonymy
d superordinate
Trang 843 Clausal substitution is expressed through ……
a such and so
b All are correct
c such and not
d so and not
44 Cohesion is concerned with formal surface structures (syntax and lexis)
to interact with underlying …… relations or underlying functional coherence to create textual unity
a Syntactic
b All are correct
c semantic
d pragmatic
45 Coherence is concerned with the …… sequencing of the arrangement
of the information, the concepts and relation of the textual world which underlie and are realized by the surface text
a logical
b surface
c random
d illogical
46 Coherence is the feeling that a text ……
a hangs together
b belongs to a particular genre
c has a formal surface relationship
d contains information
47 Echoing and auxiliary contrasting are the two types of ……
a None is correct
b clausal ellipsis
c nominal ellipsis
d verbal ellipsis
48 First and second person forms are normally interpreted …… by
reference to the situation
a endophorically
b anaphorically
c exophorically
d cataphorically
Trang 949 Felicity conditions are those conditions for the performance of a speech
act to be recognized ……
a as intended
b as such
c All are correct
d as speech act x, y, or z
50 Grammatical cohesion is the surface marking of …… links between
clauses and sentences in written discourse, and between utterances and turns in speech
a semantic
b All are correct
c pragmatic
d syntactic
51 Grammatical cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis
and ……
a apposition
b conjunction
c co-ordination
d subordination
52 How many elements are there in Halliday’s model of context?
a 3
b 2
c 5
d 4
53 Halliday & Hasan divides verbal ellipsis into ……
a operator and echoing ellipsis
b lexical and operator ellipsis
c lexical and echoing ellipsis
d operator and auxiliary contrasting ellipsis
54 He couldn’t live without her, I guess
In the above sentence, I guess is ……
a a quantity hedge
b a quality hedge
c a manner hedge
d a relation hedge
Trang 1055 I’m not sure if this makes sense, but the car had no lights
In the above sentence, I’m not sure if this makes sense is ……
a a quality hedge
b a relation hedge
c a quantity hedge
d a manner hedge
56 It’s the way I like to go to work One person and one line of enquiry at
a time Otherwise, there’s a muddle
In the above text, otherwise is a (n) …… conjunction
a temporal
b adversative
c causal
d additive
57 Informativity depends on the notions of …… and probability
a predictability
b Knowledgeability
c interchangeability
d choice
58 In Dell Hymes’ model of context, Code is a term which is used instead
of ……
a evaluation of the text
b text-type
c language
d the time and place of a speech event
59 Lexical cohesion is divided into reiteration and ……
a apposition
b subordination
c coordination
d collocation
60 Linguistically, written language tends to consist of clauses that are ……
a structurally independent
b simply structured
c All are correct
d internally complex
Trang 1161 Most of the instances of the substitute one/ones are ……
a exophoric
b anaphoric
c All are correct
d cataphoric
62 Nominal substitution is the use of a substitute item to replace the ……
of a corresponding noun phrase
a Premodification
b Postmodification
c All are correct
d Head noun
63 ‘not…but’ is the basic meaning of ……
a Corrective relations
b Contrastive relations
c Adversative relation ‘proper’
d Dismissive (generalized adversative) relations
64 Passives, it-clefts or wh-clefts are common in ……
a All are correct
b spoken language
c spoken and written texts
d written language
65 People, object, place, creature are examples of ……
a Superordinate
b Meronymy
c General words
d Antonymy
66 Performative verb is a verb that names the illocutionary act
being performed
a implicitly
b vaguely
c explicitly
d None is correct
Trang 1267 Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than
is………
a said
b signalled
c done
d shown
68 Presuppositions …… under negation
a remain constant
b always change
c None is correct
d sometimes change
69 References to assumed, shared worlds outside the text are ……
reference
a anaphoric
b cataphoric
c endophoric
d exophoric
70 Reiteration includes repetition, synonymy, antonymy, superordinate,
…… and general word
a homonymy
b meronymy
c metonymy
d metaphor
71 References to the entity/items within the text are …… references
a endophoric
b anaphoric
c cataphoric
d exophoric
72 Spoken language contains many ……, often simply sequences of
phrases
a internally complex
b subordinate clauses
c incomplete sentences
d well-structured sentences
Trang 1373 So, to cut a long story short, we grabbed our stuff and ran
In the above sentence, to cut a long story short is ……
a a relation hedge
b a manner hedge
c a quality hedge
d a quantity hedge
74 The action performed by producing an utterance consists of …… related
acts
a 3
b 5
c 2
d 4
75 The basic meaning of the …… is ‘contrary to expectation’
a causal relation
b additive relation
c adversative relation
d temporal relation
76 The basic meaning of the …… is ‘there is something more to be said’
a additive relation
b adversative relation
c temporal relation
d causal relation
77 The cooperative principle consist of …… maxims
a four
b five
c three
d two
78 The first official studies on discourse appeared in ……
a the 1950s
b the 1930s
c the 1920s
d the 1940s
Trang 1479 The interpretation of one sentence …… without looking back at the
previous sentences or referring to the coming ones
a can be achieved
b is likely to be achieved
c is hardly achieved
d All are correct
80 The overhearers or unintended addressees are referred to as …… in Dell
Hymes’ model of context
a setting
b topic
c audience
d channel
81 The relation between furninture and table, desk, chair, bed is that of
……
a Synonymy
b Superordinate
c Meronymy
d Antonymy
82 The syntax of spoken language is typically …… structured …… that of
written language
a much less….than1923
b much more… than
c All are correct
d as much….as
83 The three environments in which clausal substitution takes place are
……
a report, modality and comparison
b comparison, modality and condition
c report, condition and modality
d report, comparison and condition
84 The topic, the purpose of the event and the setting belong to ……
context
a formal
b All are correct
c non-linguisic
Trang 1585 The writer is …… the speaker
a as implicit as
b All are correct
c less implicit than
d more implicit than
86 There are …… types of substitution
a 2
b 5
c 3
d 4
87 There is a (n) …… relationship between discourse and context
a overt
b dialectical
c unilateral
d limited
88 There is …… of discourse kinds which consist of only one word/ phrase/
sentence
a a small number
b a considerable number
c a large number
d a number
89 Those conjunctions like likewise, similarly, in the same way, in (just)
this way express ……
a Appositive relations
b Comparative relations
c Complex additive relations
d Simple additive relations
90 Under the influence of Bloomfield, and then Chomsky, linguists focused
on …… problems of language for many decades
a All are correct
b formal and structural
c semantic
d functional
Trang 1691 Utterances are not only dependant on the physical context for their
interpretations, they are also …… the language surrounding them
a isolated from
b independent of
c closely related to
d slightly related to
92 What does Addresser refer to in Dell Hymes’ model of context?
a Only the speaker
b Only the writer
c the speaker or the writer
d the hearer or the reader
93 What type of conjunction is ‘only’ in the following text?
I’d love to join in Only I don’t know how to play
a additive
b temporal
c adversative
d causal
94 What type of reference is essentially a form of verbal pointing?
a All are correct
b Personal
c Demonstrative
d Comparative
95 What type of reference is expressed through adjectives and adverbs and
serves to compare items within a text in terms of identity or similarity?
a Personal
b All are correct
c Demonstrative
d Comparative
96 Whenever there is an indirect relationship between a structure and a
……, we have an indirect speech act
a proposition
b All are correct
c function
d meaning