Part II. Discourse analysis 1. What factors prove that the text is written language? 2. What are the grammatical cohesive devices employed in that text? 3. What are the lexical cohesive devices employed in that text? 4. What is the field of the text? 5. What is the tenor of the text? 6. What is the mode of the text? 7. What is the linguistic context of the text in general? 8. What is the nonlinguistic context of the text in general? 9. What is the intentionality of the text in general? 10. Translate the text into Vietnamese. Part II. Discourse analysis 1. What factors prove that the text is written language? 2. What are the grammatical cohesive devices employed in that text? 3. What are the lexical cohesive devices employed in that text? 4. What is the field of the text? 5. What is the tenor of the text? 6. What is the mode of the text? 7. What is the linguistic context of the text in general? 8. What is the nonlinguistic context of the text in general? 9. What is the intentionality of the text in general? 10. Translate the text into Vietnamese.
Trang 1TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ HÀ NỘI MÔN THI: PHÂN TÍCH DIỄN NGÔN
CHỦ ĐỀ 5
Đề tài viết bài: Politic problems
Part I: Text
PM attends five conferences on first day of 38th, 39th ASEAN Summits and Related Summits
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh attended five conferences on October 26, the first working day of the 38th and 39th ASEAN Summits and related Summits from October 26-28
At the 38th ASEAN Summit, ASEAN leaders adopted the ASEAN Travel Corridor Arrangement Framework, and agreed to actively consider the possibility of mutual recognizing and applying electronic vaccination certificates Countries called for early putting into operation the ASEAN Regional Reserve of Medical Supplies and the ASEAN Centre for Response to Public Health Emergencies and Emerging Diseases (ACPHEED)
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh proposed two key tasks that ASEAN should focus on doing in the time to come during the ongoing 38th ASEAN Summit on October 26 He said ASEAN needs a holistic, synchronous and flexible approach to COVID-19 control with the involvement of the entire community, and to position itself in the world’s reshaping socio-economic relationship, and consolidate its role as the nucleus of dialogue, cooperation and multilateral and multi-layered economic integration processes in the region
ASEAN leaders approved, recognized and announced many important documents
At the 39th ASEAN Summit, leaders shared the view that ASEAN needs to work harder to strengthen and deepen its partnerships, encourage the partners to support and practically contribute to the building of the ASEAN Community, and join efforts to deal with emerging challenges
Trang 2The leaders reiterated the importance of the full and efficient implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the East Sea (DOC) and welcomed the resumption of talks on a Code of Conduct in the East Sea (COC) between ASEAN and China They emphasized the need to maintain a conducive environment for the COC negotiations and continue with efforts towards a binding, effective COC in accordance with international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
For the Myanmar matter, they agreed to provide more assistance for the country, affirming that solidarity is the key for ASEAN and Myanmar to find out effective solutions to the current complex issues in the country
PM Chinh affirmed that the highest wish of all countries to have a regional environment of peace, security, stability and cooperation in order for them to focus on fighting the pandemic, restoring economy and continuing to develop
He stressed the need to uphold ASEAN solidarity and the bloc’s core values and strengths over the past 54 years, along with the responsibility and constructive spirit of all member nations
He called on major countries participating in the region to show their sense of responsibility, respect international law, not to affect regional peace and stability, respect ASEAN’s role, and fully consult ASEAN through mechanisms established and led by the bloc
At the 22nd ASEAN-Republic of Korea Summit, ROK President Moon Jae-in affirmed that he values the strategic partnership with ASEAN, highlighting that the organization is a key priority of the New Southern Policy Plus (NSPP) of the RoK He reiterated the RoK's support for ASEAN’s central role in the regional structure and the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP)
The RoK will continue to help ASEAN battle the COVID-19 pandemic, he said, announcing an additional USD 5 million in contribution to the ASEAN
COVID-19 Response Fund He also unveiled the ASEAN-RoK public health and vaccine initiative in connection with the regular organization of the ASEAN-RoK Health Ministers’ Meeting since this year
ASEAN leaders appreciated the timely and effective support of the RoK, and welcomed the Rok becoming a major trade partner and investor of ASEAN
As coordinator for ASEAN-RoK relations, PM Chinh put forward some priorities in expanding and deepening the ASEAN-RoK strategic partnership in
Trang 3the coming time, calling on the RoK to use its strengths in digital technology and digital economy to support ASEAN in digital transformation and sustainable development, as well as in narrowing the development gap via the Mekong-RoK cooperation
At the 24th ASEAN-China Summit, leaders agreed that the bilateral relations have been strengthened with positive results obtained across all sectors, notably cooperation in COVID-19 response and post-pandemic recovery
ASEAN members thanked China for its timely support right since the emergence of COVID-19
For his part, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said China will continue to support ASEAN in fighting the pandemic, and hopes to work with the organization for successful recovery
China will assist ASEAN with COVID-19 vaccine, medical supplies and enhancement of early warning capacity, he said
The Chinese premier suggested the two sides set up an ASEAN-China public health research and development center to share scientific and technological achievements in disease prevention and control; and announced an additional USD 10 million for the ASEAN-China Cooperation Fund
PM Chinh affirmed that ASEAN and China have built a comprehensive and substantive cooperation platform across all fields and showed their efforts and strong commitments in deepening the bilateral relations based on mutual trust, understanding, respect and win-win cooperation
He appreciated China’s support for countries, including Vietnam, to bring the pandemic under control and maintain growth
He proposed that ASEAN and China bolster economic cooperation, quickly resume air services, tourism, regional production and supply chains, and create favorable conditions for safe travel of people and entrepreneurs
PM Chinh expressed a hope that China would assist ASEAN in promoting its centrality, consolidating strategic trust and building a friendly and stable environment conducive for cooperation for common development
He reiterated ASEAN's stance on the East Sea and called on the sides to fully and effectively implement the DOC and accelerate negotiations on a practical
Trang 4and effective COC that is in accordance with international law and the 1982 UNCLOS
The sides agreed on the holding of a special summit marking the 30th anniversary of the ASEAN-China relations
The summit concluded with the adoption of the ASEAN-China Joint Statement
on Cooperation in Support of the ASEAN Comprehensive Recovery Framework and another on Enhancing Green and Sustainable Development Cooperation
At the 9th ASEAN-US Summit, countries welcomed progress made in the two sides’ multifaceted cooperation and agreed to prioritize collaboration for effective COVID-19 control and support each other in sustainable recovery ASEAN leaders welcomed the US’s commitment to helping ASEAN enhance medical capacity and providing more vaccine, while calling on the US to strengthen cooperation in researching, developing and producing vaccine and medicine for COVID-19 treatment
US President Joe Biden reaffirmed the US commitment to strengthening its partnership with ASEAN and underscored the importance of the US-ASEAN ties to the future of a region of over 1 billion people, as well as to security and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific
He expressed support for ASEAN’s centrality in efforts to build a regional structure based on rules and values and principles stated in the ASEAN Outlook
on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP)
The US President said the country has presented more than USD 200 million for COVID-19 response and 40 million doses of vaccine to ASEAN members The
US will continue to support the region in the fight against the pandemic and carry out the ASEAN-US Health Futures initiative, Biden stated
The President announced the intent to provide up to USD 102 million in new initiatives to expand the US-ASEAN Strategic Partnership to support the region’s recovery from COVID-19, address the climate crisis, promote economic growth, and develop human capital
The two sides reaffirmed the significance of maintaining peace, security and stability in the region
Trang 5The US voiced support of the ASEAN’s principled stance on the East Sea, and welcomed ASEAN’s promoting cooperation, dialogue and trust building, ensuring the full and effective implementation of the DOC and working to build
an effective and binding COC in accordance with international law and the 1982 UNCLOS
The US President expressed support for ASEAN efforts to promote dialogue and reconciliation and assist Myanmar in seeking solutions to stabilize the situation
The Vietnamese PM suggested boosting the ASEAN-US strategic partnership in all three aspects of security, socio-economic recovery and sustainable, inclusive development
He thanked the US for its timely and practical assistance to ASEAN member countries, including Vietnam, in the COVID-19 fight, and suggested the US help ASEAN improve its early-warning capacity for medical emergencies, and called on US firms that produce vaccines and treatment drugs to quickly fulfill vaccine contracts with ASEAN countries, including Vietnam
He also proposed that the US further assist the ten-member bloc in narrowing development gaps and connecting regions
For security “hot spots” like the East Sea, PM Chinh said constructive approach and responsible behaviour play an important role in handling risks, contributing
to stability and development
He expressed his hope that the US will actively join and cooperate with ASEAN
in ensuring peace, stability, security, safety and freedom of navigation and aviation in the East Sea, in the spirit of respecting law and peacefully settle all disputes and differences via diplomatic measures and on the basis of international law, including the 1982 UNCLOS
The PM also shared the US’s concerns, saying he hopes that the US will back ASEAN to play a more active role in efforts seeking sustainable solutions to the Myanmar issue
At the end of the summit, the two sides adopted the ASEAN-US Leaders' Statement on Digital Development that aims to promote digital transformation and narrow digital gaps in ASEAN
Trang 6Part II Discourse analysis
1 What factors prove that the text is written language?
Grammar
- The written text has more information packed into it
Extract 1: At the 38th ASEAN Summit, ASEAN leader adopted the ASEAN Travel Corridor Arrangement Framework, and agreed to actively consider the possibility of mutual recognizing and applying electronic vaccination certificates
Extract 2: At the 39th ASEAN Summit, leaders shared the view that ASEAN needs to work harder to strengthen and deepen its partnerships, encourage the partners to support and practically contribute to the building of the ASEAN Community, and join efforts to deal with emerging challenges.
- Written language tends to consist of clause that are internally complex
For example: He proposed that ASEAN and China bolster economic cooperation, quickly resume air services, tourism, regional production and supply chains, and create favorable conditions for safe travel of people and entrepreneurs.
- In written language an extensive set of markers exists to mark relationships between clauses
For example: For the Myanmar matter, they agreed to provide more assistance for the country, affirming that solidarity is the key for ASEAN and Myanmar to find out effective solutions to the current complex issues in the country.
- The written language: more explicit
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh attended five conferences on October 26, the first working day of the 38th and 39th ASEAN Summits and related Summits from October 26-28
- Written language: subject-predicate form
ASEAN leaders appreciated the timely and effective support of the RoK, and welcomed the Rok becoming a major trade partner and investor of ASEAN.
Lexical Density
Trang 7A content word/lexical word: is a word that refers to a thing, quality, state, action or event
- A function word is one that indicates only grammatical relationships
The two sides reaffirmed the significance of maintaining peace, security and stability in the region.
→The content / lexical words: sides, reaffirmed; significance; maintaining; peace, security; stability; region
- Lexical density: the number of lexical or content words per clause
The sentence “The two sides reaffirmed the significance of maintaining peace, security and stability in the region.” has a lexical density of eight.
- Written language displays a much higher ratio of content words to total running words
→ Therefore, the above text is written language
2 What are the grammatical cohesive devices employed in that text?
• Reference
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh proposed two key tasks that ASEAN
should focus on doing in the time to come during the ongoing 38th ASEAN
Summit on October 26 He said ASEAN needs a holistic, synchronous and
flexible approach to COVID-19 control with the involvement of the entire community, and to position itself in the world’s reshaping socio-economic relationship, and consolidate its role as the nucleus of dialogue, cooperation and multilateral and multi-layered economic integration processes in the region (
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh – He)
The leaders reiterated the importance of the full and efficient implementation
of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the East Sea (DOC) and welcomed the resumption of talks on a Code of Conduct in the East Sea (COC)
between ASEAN and China They emphasized the need to maintain a
conducive environment for the COC negotiations and continue with efforts towards a binding, effective COC in accordance with international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS) (The leaders – They)
Trang 8At the 22nd ASEAN-Republic of Korea Summit, ROK President Moon Jae-in affirmed that he values the strategic partnership with ASEAN, highlighting that
the organization is a key priority of the New Southern Policy Plus (NSPP) of the RoK He reiterated the RoK's support for ASEAN’s central role in the
regional structure and the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) (ROK President Moon Jae-in – He)
• Conjunction
He thanked the US for its timely and practical assistance to ASEAN member
countries, including Vietnam, in the COVID-19 fight, and suggested the US
help ASEAN improve its early-warning capacity for medical emergencies, and called on US firms that produce vaccines and treatment drugs to quickly fulfill
vaccine contracts with ASEAN countries, including Vietnam He also proposed
that the US further assist the ten-member bloc in narrowing development gaps and connecting regions
3 What are the lexical cohesive devices employed in that text?
• Reiteration
He said ASEAN needs a holistic, synchronous and flexible approach to
COVID-19 control with the involvement of the entire community, and to position itself
in the world’s reshaping socio-economic relationship, and consolidate its role as the nucleus of dialogue, cooperation and multilateral and multi-layered economic integration processes in the region (Hyponymy)
For the Myanmar matter, they agreed to provide more assistance for the
country, affirming that solidarity is the key for ASEAN and Myanmar to find
out effective solutions to the current complex issues in the country ( Synonym
“matter” – “ issue”)
He thanked the US for its timely and practical assistance to ASEAN member countries, including Vietnam, in the COVID-19 fight, and suggested the US help ASEAN improve its early-warning capacity for medical emergencies, and called on US firms that produce vaccines and treatment drugs to quickly fulfill vaccine contracts with ASEAN countries, including Vietnam
• Collocation
- Play role in
Trang 9The PM also shared the US’s concerns, saying he hopes that the US will back
ASEAN to play a more active role in efforts seeking sustainable solutions to
the Myanmar issue
For security “hot spots” like the East Sea, PM Chinh said constructive approach
and responsible behaviour play an important role in handling risks,
contributing to stability and development
4 What is the field of the text?
In the above text, the field of this text is politic
The above text informs the reader two cases The first one, the main content related to the 38th and 39th ASEAN Summits and Related Summits, such as the 22nd ASEAN-Republic of Korea Summit; the 24th ASEAN-China Summit The second case is Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh attended conferences on October 26, the first working day of the 38th and 39th ASEAN Summits and related Summits from October 26-28 Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh gave some remark at these conferences
5 What is the tenor of the text?
Tenor means the relationship between the author and the reader In this text, the tenor is a formal impersonal relationship between a journalist and the readers The author doesn’t use any first and second personal pronouns like I or you
6 What is the mode of the text?
Mode of this text is the written texts The final purpose of news reporting is to
inform and the focus in the text is the 38th and 39th ASEAN Summits and Related Summits
7 What is the linguistic context of the text in general?
Linguistic context refers to the context within the discourse, that is, the relationship between the words, phrases, sentences and even paragraphs
Co-text: Simply the references of the past writings or text within a text is called
co-text
Take the word “key” as an example We can’t understand the exact meaning of
the sentence “Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh proposed two key tasks that
Trang 10ASEAN should focus on doing in the time to come during the ongoing 38th ASEAN Summit on October 26.”
The word “task” is the co-text of the word “key”; without the linguistic context
to make clear the exact meaning of this word
Deictic Expression:
- Reference of person:
US President Joe Biden reaffirmed the US commitment to strengthening its
partnership with ASEAN and underscored the importance of the US-ASEAN ties to the future of a region of over 1 billion people, as well as to security and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific
He expressed support for ASEAN’s centrality in efforts to build a regional
structure based on rules and values and principles stated in the ASEAN Outlook
on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP)
- Reference of time:
He also unveiled the ASEAN-RoK public health and vaccine initiative in connection with the regular organization of the ASEAN-RoK Health Ministers’
Meeting since this year
8 What is the non-linguistic context of the text in general?
Non-linguistic context/experiential context is the context in which the discourse takes place
Field of discourse: The above text informs the reader two cases The first one, the main content related to the 38th and 39th ASEAN Summits and Related Summits, such as the 22nd ASEAN-Republic of Korea Summit; the 24th ASEAN-China Summit The second case is Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh attended conferences on October 26, the first working day of the 38th and 39th ASEAN Summits and related Summits from October 26-28 Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh gave some remark at these conferences
Tenor of discourse: The social role relationship played by the people who get engaged in that news are the ASEAN leaders; US President Joe Biden; ROK President Moon Jae-in; Chinese Premier Li Keqiang
9 What is the intentionality of the text in general?