Kết quả nghiên cứu, thiết kế, chế tạo máy gieo ngô theo phương pháp làm đất tối thiểu

Lam dat t6i thieu la mot trong ba da dang ve miia vu gieo tr6ng va he thong canh npi dung c a ban ciia nong nghiep bao t6n.. PhtroYig p h a p nghien ciru - Thu thap va xii ly cac so iieu

KET QUA NGHIEN CllU, THIET KE, CHE TAO MAY GIEO NGO

THEO PHirONG PHAP LAM DAT TOI THIEU

Tran Din: Tuan ' Le Kliu Tntwtg ' Sgii\vn Xttcin Bien' Tong Vun Anh'

TOMTAT

Mltv gieo ttgo theo phinmgpluip liim Hut toi titieii GNTT-0.25 ru clct too ctteit kien tititun hri ltd trtr thiic

iftiypliut tri^n iun xiicjl nong nghiep buo ton bl'n vimg a imc/c tu Diem fclwc hiet citu inuy GNTT-0.25.10 vtji

nliimg iiiuv gieo khctc lit may ct) the gieo ngo trirc tiep a itieit kien kboiig cun linn nho cfiil trtrt/c May co nUttg

sitdt 0.25 ha/h may gieo 3 hiing khoung cdch giira cue hitiig 65 cm khoung citch khom 2fi cm ty /p iol khon,

< 3%: Muy lien hap vdi mdy keo coitg sni^t 25-35 HP thong qua cy cdn 3 tVtein treo

Tir khoii: Mdy gieo ngo turn dut toi thieu tiong ngltiep hda tdn

RESULT OF RESEARCH DESIGN MANUFACTURE OF MAIZE SEEDING-MACHINE

FOLLOW MINIMUM TILLAGE METHOD Tran Due Tuan ', Le Kha Truong ^, Nguyen Xuan Bien Tong Van Anh^

SUMMARY

Prototype maize seeding-machine follow minimum tillage method (GNTT-0.25) will be well condition

support for development Conservation Agriculture in Vietnam Best difference of GNTT-0,25 machine when

compare with another seed drills machine is GNTT-0,25 machine don't need soil tillage before sowing the

seed GNTT-0.25 machine will be done limit tillage and direct sowing seed together in one time operation;

GNTT-0.25 machine attach with tractor by three point linkage, capacity of tractor is 25-^35 Hp

Specifications of GNTT-0,25 machine: Capacity: 0,25 ha/h; Number of row: 3 rows: Distance between 2

rows: 65 cm; Distance between 2 planter: 25-^30 cm Missing seed: < 3%;

Keywords: maize seeding- machine, minimum tillage, conservation agriculture

I BAT VAN OE

0 Viet Nam, ngo la cay lucmg thtrc quan d m g may, thiat bj co gitji hoa vao trong san

trpng thir hai sau cay lija va la cay mSu quan xudt dS ma rpng dien tich, tang nang suat va

trpng nha, dupe tr6ng o nhi6u viing khac nhau, chat lupng Lam dat t6i thieu la mot trong ba

da dang ve miia vu gieo tr6ng va he thong canh npi dung c a ban ciia nong nghiep bao t6n Tuy

tac San xuat ngo ca niroc qua cac nam khong nhien may va thiet bj phuc vu cho huong canh

ngirng tang \ t- dien tich, nang sudt, san lupng tac nay chua thuc su ditpc diu tu va quan tam

So vcri cac nuoc thi nang suat ngo ty nuoc ta van dung mirc

thupc Ipai kha thSp, san lupng van chua dap img May gieo ngo theo phuang phap lam dat toi

dirge nhu cau san xuflt thiic an chan nuoi trong thieu GNTT-0,25 ra dai da phan nao dap ting

nuoc, hang nSm phai nhap khdu 1-1,5 trieu tdn dupe su mong dpi do cua san xuat

ngo d5 phuc \ 11 chJ biSn thirc an chan nuoi, [ 1 ] " - N O I DUNG VA PHlfONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

Bk bit ddp luong ngo thiiu hut do, cdn ap 2.1 Noi dung nghien ciiu

dung cac bien phap kx thuat tien t i k vao phuc " ''Va chpn nguyen ly, tinh toan mot so

vu san sudt nhu gj6ng moi, phan bon va img "',°"S so cua may gieo theo phuong phap Iam

dat toi thieu

' ThS Vien Ca dien nong nghiep & Cong nghe STH XhiSt k l cha tao mau may

- KS Vien Co dien nonsi nghiep & Conn nghe STH • 'KS Vien Co dien nong nghiep &C6nJ nghe STH 1^™° nghiem danh gia chat lupng cua

' KS Vien Co dien nong nghiep & Cong nghe STH may va irng dung may trong diiu kien siin xuat

2.2 PhtroYig p h a p nghien ciru

- Thu thap va xii ly cac so iieu dieu tra,

khao sat thong tin Iruy cap tir cac kenh trong va

ngoai nuac, nh&ng van de lien quan anh huang

den viec tinh toan thiet ke may gieo ngo theo

phucmg phap lam dat toi thieu

- Phan tich va xu ly so lieu, thong tin thu

thap dugc tir do lira chon, tinli toan thi^t k£ may

- Su dung phan mem Inventor AutoCAD

de ho trg phuang phap tinh toan thiet ke may

Phuong phap khao nghiem may nong

nghiep (tieu chudn RN AM - 1995 TVCN 2012)

- Phuong phap xac djnh hieu qua kinh te

cua cong cu may moc ca dien nong nghiep Khi

tinh toan hieu qua img dung may trong dieu

kien san xuat

Yen cau ky thuat cua may

- May lam viec tren dong phai thuc hien

dong thoi cac chirc nang: Lam nho dat cue bg

tai vi tri gieo hat, sau do tao ranh, gieo ngo, lap

va nen dat

- Bg phan gieo co ket cau thanh timg cum

rieng biet, truyen luc dgc lap de co the thay doi

khoang each hang gieo cho phu hgp vai cac mo

hinh gieo trong san xuat

- May lien ket tree tren may keo banh hoi

cong sum 30^35 HP

- May gieo 3 hang; khoang each hang 65 cm

(CO thi di§u chinh 4 0 - 8 0 cm); khoang each

khom 28 cm; do sau gieo 3^5 cm; so hat tren

mot khom 1-2 hat

III KET QUA NGHIEN CVV VA THAO LUAN

3.1 Lira chon nguyen ly va tinh toan cac

thong so

3.1.1 Lira chon nguyHn ly ldm viec

Qua thu thap, phan tich, danh gia, khao sat

thong tin nhu'ng cong trinh da nghien cuu \ c

nia\ gieo \ e lam dat toi thieu a trong va ngoai

nuoc, chung toi chgn phuong an k> thuat de

nghien cinj cho may gieo ngo theo phuang

phap lam dat toi thieu gom 2 bg phan lam viec

chinh: bg phan lam nho dat va bg phan gieo hat

So dh ngu\en ly cdu tao the hien tren hinh 1

Hinh J Sa dd nguyen ly mdy gieo ngo theo phinmg phdp ldm ddt toi ihieu

1 C^lm bo phan phay 2 Cym b^) ph;in gn:o

Bg phan lam nho dat cue bg tai cho gieo hat theo nguyen ly phay chii dgng, dugc lap a phia truoc Phay dugc truyen chuyen dgng tir true thu cong suat cua may keo Tren trong ciia phay CO 3 cum luai phay (co the lap nhieu han), moi cum lual phay co be rgng iam viec 150^250mm do sau phay tir 120-^150mm

Khoang each giira cac cum luai phay tuong img bang khoang each giira 2 hang ngo May co

be rgng lam viec 1.2^1,6m Bg phan lam nho dat cue bg phai lam dugc 80% lugng dat nho tir 3^5 cm

Bg phan gieo hat dugc lap ngay phia sau bg phan pha\ va lam viec theo nguyen ly gieo dia true nghieng; so hang gieo la 3, do sau gieo 3-^5 cm

Bg phan gieo dugc truyen chuyen dgng tir banh tua dong May dugc lien hgp vai may keo co

cong suk 30-35 HP

3.1.2 Tinh loan hp phgn Idm nhd ddt

- Tinh chl so dpng hoc ci'ia luai phay X

Cac thong so cho truoc:

So vong quay cua true thu cong su4t may

keo: ni = 540 (v/ph); so vong quay ciia tr6ng

phay: n? = 270 (v/ph); duong kinh tr6ng phay:

<D = 480 mm; do sau phay t6i da: a^iLx = 150 mm;

Khi lam viec, luai phay thuc hien hai

chuyen dgng chinh: Chuyen dgng tinh tien do

luc keo ciia may keo va chuyen dgng quay

quanh true cua no

Ta CO quy dao chuyen dgng cua luai phay,

the hien tren hinh 2

HinIt 2 Sa do quy dgo chuyen dpng cua iu&i phay

Quy dao chuyen dgng cua diem cuoi luai

phay dugc xac dinh theo he phuang trinh:

^;c = v^,/ + R cos 6)t

[y=^R(\-sin cot)

Trong d o :

VM - van toe tien ciia may

R - ban kinh trong phay

to - van toe quay cua trong

Tir he phuong trinh tren, lay dao ham theo

thai gian ta dugc he phuang trinh mo ta chuyin

dgng ciia luai phay:

dx

dl • Ro} sin at

= — = -ft cos col

dt

Xet thanh phan van toe v^:

v^= — = Vj, - Rcosmcot

dl

De luai phay co the cat dat va tung dit ra

phia sau thi thanh phan van t6c Vx phai nho han

hoac bang khong (Vx<0)

o v ^ ^ -Ra)smcjt<0

<^y^, <Ra)s\ncot

Rco 1

o >

V., sin at

Dat X = thi X chinh la chi s6 dgng hoc

cua luai phay

Xet goc phan tu thiir IV wt thay d6i tir 0" den 90° ta co sinO° = 0; sin90° = 1 Nhu vay gia

tri nho nhat cua X phai bang 1

Mat khac: 6 thoi diem luoi phay b4t diu cat dat goc (Ot = Oo

sin cot = sin a ^ = ~^""^ = 1 - ^ = ^

R R

1 1 a

Ta co: sin (yr - — => — = ] - -ESJ

A X R

<:>X R

- a„

Thay cac gia tri cho truoc vao cong thiic tren, ta co:

R 240

^ - f l ^ , , 2 4 0 - 1 5 0 Vay dieu kien de luai phay khi bat dau chem vao dat voi Vx ^ 0 va cac thong so da biet

ta tinh dugc X = 2,7 Biet X = 2,7 ta tinh dugc VM toi da la:

VM = Rco/> = 0,24.28,5/2,7 = 2,5 m/s

De iuoi phay cat dat thanh lat nho hon va

timg dat ve phia sau ta chgn X = 4

Khi do van toe tien cua may dugc tinh la: 0,24.28,5/4 = 1 , 7 m/s

- Tinh eld cung cdp S~

V

-(

, i]^

.•;,

/ ^

/ ^

y

. Hinh 3 Sa do xdc dinh cdc thdng so ldm viec chinh cua cue ddt phay

Bat cir diem nao ciia luoi phay khi lam viec

deu CO quy dao chuyen dgng la duang xycloit

keo dai Do tren mgt dia lap nhieu luai phay

quay ve mgt phia, nen nhung diem cuoi cac luoi

phay cung chuyen dgng theo nhiing duong

xycloit giong nhau nhung dich ve phia truoc

theo huang chuyen dgng ciia may mgt doan

Doan do duac goi la do cung cap ^

-0)Z

Trong do: z - So luai phay ciing phia tren dTa

Nhan ca tu va mau voi R ta co:

Thay so vao ta dugc:

„ IKR 2.3,14.240 , ^ ,

S = = — = 125mm

- h 4.3

Tir cong thuc tren ta thay co the thay doi do

cung cap S^ bang each thay doi so luai phay

ciing phia tren ciing mgt dTa hoac thay doi che

do dgng hgc ciia luai phay

- Tinh he ddy CIAC ddt phay

Hinh 4 Kich thirac cue ddi phay

Trong qua trinh cat dat, do day cue dat phay

luon thay d6i, giam tu do phay cue dai Smax den 0

Thay so vao ta dugc;

= iR R

= 1 1 5 , &

V 240

150'

= 87m/n

2 4 0 ' Vay b^ day cue dat phay 6mn\ ^ 87 mm

Theo cong thirc ta thay do phay sau giam thi

bh day cue dat phay giam (do toi dat tang)

3.1.3 Tinh todn hp phdn gieo

Cdu tao chung ciia bg phan gieo hat gom cac bg phan chinh: Thiing chua hat, bg phan rach hang, bg phan gieo hat, bg phan lap hat

nen dk, he thdng truySn dgng, khung may va

cac bg phan phu trg khac Sa do cau tao the hien tren hinh 5

Hinh 5 Cdu tgo cum bp phdn gieo 1- Co cdu ty l^ia, 2- Banh din dyng, 3- cgm chuyen dgng

4- Bg phan gieo 5- Thiing chira hgi 6- Khung gieo, 7- Banh nen, 8- Lu'&i r^ich Nguyen ly lam viec: Phia truac la banh dan dgng truyen chuyen dgng cho bg phan dTa gieo lam viec thong qua he thong truyen dgng xich

va cap banh rang con chuyen huong Phia duoi dTa gieo la bg phan luoi rach tao ranh de cho hat ngo lot xuong Phia tren dTa gieo la thiing chiia hat Phia sau dTa gieo la banh lap hat va nen dat sau khi hat dugc bg phan gieo chuyen hat xuong Cac bg phan dugc gan ket tren mgt cap 2 thanh khung cung vimg Toan bg cum gieo dugc lien ket vcri bg khung co dinh cua may thong qua ca cau 4 khau tu lua dam bao cho cum gieo co the tu lira len xuong khi be mat dong khong bang phang

Bg phan gieo co nhieu nguyen ly hoat dgng khac nhu true cuon, khi dgng hgc, rung, dTa bang tuy nhien chiing toi chgn nguyen ly lam viec la gieo dTa nghieng So do nguyen ly thS hien tren hinh 6

Bg phan gieo loai nay co ty Ie hu hong hat thap va do chinh xac gieo cao hon bg phan gieo dTa true dung Hon nira cdu tao cua bg phan

gieo nay cung rk don gian nen gia thanh che

tao thap, van hanh don gian

Hinh 6 Sa do nguyen ly bd phgn gieo dia nghieng

Qua khao sat, do kich thuac cac loai hat

ngo gi6ng pho bien dang diing hien nay, chung

toi da tinh toan thi^t k^ chgn thong s6 ky thuat

ciia bg phan gieo nhu sau:

Do nghieng ciia dia: 35",

Duong kinh dia gieo D = 220 mm

Duang kinh lo gieo d ^ 12 mm

Chieu day ciia dTa c ^ 10 mm

So 16 tren dia gieo z ^ 12 16

Dam bao khoang each hoc la dieu kien lam

viec ciia may gieo Khoang each hoc co m6i

quan he giua banh xe truyen dgng voi true dTa

gieo th6ng qua ty so truyen Tir quan he nay, co

the xac dinh dugc kich thuac ciia dia gieo va ty

s6 truyen ciia he thong truyen chuyen dgng

Tai banh truyen dgng, so hoc phu thugc

khoang each hoc a; Duong kinh banh xe truydn

dgng Db va van toe quay nj, ciia no N8u ggi mb

la so hoc can co theo Db :

Thong so ky thuat

Banh xe truyen cho true gieo voi ty so truyen i = ni / nb

DTa gieo c6 so lo la z, quay voi van toe nt s6 co s6 lan tha hat m, va dugc xac dinh: m, = z ni nib = m, la dieu kien dam bao gieo dung khoang each a Suy ra:

TtD„

mh = m, =

a Riit ggn ta eo:

• H b

7lD„

Cong thuc tren cho thay, ve phai da biet a, biet Db, ve trai neu lira chgn i se xac dinh z va ngugc lai

Tir nhirng ket qua tren chiing toi da thiet ke

mk\ may gieo ngo GNTT-0.25 the hien tren

hinh 7

Hinh 7 Mciy gieo ngd GNTT-O.IS

may G N T T - 0,25

T T

1

2

J

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Thona so Kich thuac pliii bi may ( D x R ^ C )

Toil); so iLrai phay

Kieu luai phay

So cum lap lirai phay

So luoi phay trong mot cum

Be rgng cum lu"di phay

Duong kinh dinh Ural phay

Dg njihienji ciia dTa

Duang kinh dTa fiico

Duang kinh 16 gieo

Chieu day cua dTa

So 16 tren dTa jiieo

Dan vi

mm chiec cum

iuoi

min

mm

d6

mm

mm

mm

16

Gia tri 1850x1880x970

18

L u 6 i cong

3

6

2 0 0 - 2 1 0 "^-^

480

35

220

12 Jf^

10

12

3.2 Ket qua thii' nghiem tren dfing

Da thir nghiem mau may lam viec a cac

van toe ti^n khac nhau: 1,5; 2; 2,5, va 3 km/h;

may cho ch^t lugng lam viec t6t, khoang each

giiia cac h6c on dinh, nhung n6u van toe di

chuyen ciia may >3 km/h ta thSy khoang each

giira cac cum tang nhanh, tir do nhan dinh do

do da CO sir keo le ciia banh dSn dgng kha Ion,

tuy nhien khoang each giiia cac cum gieo vin

dam bao yeu CEIU ky thuat <30 cm

Hinh 8 Ket qud khdo nghiem

May da dugc thu nghiem va danh gia k^t

qua lam viec trong dieu kien san xu^t thuc xL

- So hang gieo: 3 hang

- Khoang each hang gieo: 650 mm

- Khoang each giija cac cum gieo: 28(H-290 mm

- Do sau hat gieo: 40 -^ 60 mm

- Ty le sot (h6c khong hat) < 3%;

- Ty Ie h6c I hat: 86%

- Nang suat gieo thuan tiiy; 0,47 ha/h

- Nguon dgng lire lien hgp 25 ^ 35 HP

Hinh 10 Kiem tra chdt luinig mdy lam vi^c trin ddng

IV K E T L U A N

1 May lam viec tot, on dinh, dat cac cac

yeu ckn ky thuat; Nang sudt thuc t6 0,25 ha/h

Do ton thuang hat co hgc hau nhu khong co,

Ty le sot (hoc khong hat) < 3%;

2 May co nguyen Iy va k6t cSu don gian,

de su dung, phii hgp vai cong nghe che tao may

6 nuac ta

3 May co the gieo ngo a di4u kien khong can lam dat truoc

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

i Tran Van Dir, 2011, Giio trinh mo-dun gieo tr6ng ngo, bo Nong nghiep va phai tri^n nong th6n

2 Do H&u Khi Luan An tien sF " Nghien ciiu qua trinh

lam viec v^ anh huong cua moi s6 thong s6 chinh d^n chit

lugng \km vi6c cua ca ciu le ngo do am cao"- 2002

3 Tien s j Le Sy Hung Dk tai cap bo "Co gioi hoa

cay trong cgn tren ddt d6c" - 2002

4 Trin Due Cong Da tai c i p bo: "Nghien cmi ch^ tao, ling dyng san xuat trong lien hgp may gieo va cac canh lac" - 2006

5 Hgi CO khi nong nghidp Viet Nam - Thong tin

Co dien nong nghiep va cha bi^n nong san - S6 I I , 12 nSm 2007

6 JUNG [n Kyu, 2007, Driving Strategies and Mechanical Technologies for Conservation Agriculture

in Korea National Institute of Agricultural Engineering Presented at China, 24-26, October, 2007

7 Jeff Tuilberg, 2007, Productivity and Sustainability Effects of Conservation Agriculture, The university of Queensland Australia, Presented at China 24-26 October, 2007

Ngay nh$n bai: 15/02/2014 Ngay phan bien: 28/02/2014 Nguoi phan bien: TS Doan Xuan Thin, Hoi c a

khi nong nghidp Viet Nam

Hinh 9 Mi'iy ldm viec tren ddng