Kết quả nghiên cứu thiết kế, chế tạo thiết bị tẩm dầu chân không thức ăn cho cá năng suất 0,4 0,5

Phu'O'ng phap nghien ciPu - Phuomg phdp thu thdp va xft ly cac sd lieu dieu tra, khdo sdt; - Phuang phap chuyen gia de danh gid, lua chpn nguyen Iy, kel cdu mdu mdy nghien cftu; - Phuom

KET QUA NGHiEN CLPU THIET KB, CH^ TAO THIET Bj TAM DAU

C H A N K H O N G THU'C AN C H O C A N A N G S U A T 0,4 - 0,5 T/H

Nguyin Nang Nhu'p'ng, Pham Ngoc Tuygn, Trdn Van Dat

Vien Co dien Ndng nghiep va Cdng ngh§ Sau thu ho^ch

Tom tat

Nghi nudi cd hoi, cd tdm vd mdt sd logi cd bien cd gid tri kinh ti cao nhu cd gid, cd trern, cd vieac,

cd song da, dang vd se phdt trien mgnh Ddy Id cdc logi cd cd yeu cdu hdm lieang chdt beo trong thuc dn cao Do vdy trong qud trinh sdn xudt cdn thiet phdi bd sung luang ddu beo vdo vien thUc

dn sau khi chi biin tie 8% din 30% tiiy thupe vdo tieng logi cd vd timg giai dogn phdt trien Tuy nhien, bd sung mdt luang ddu beo tren 15% vdo vien thtic dn md vien khdng bi udt Id khd khan, neu khdng cd cdng nghe vd thiet bi phii hap

Di ddp img yeu cdu cua sdn xudt, Vien Ca dien Ndng nghiep vd Cdng nghe Sau thu hogch da nghien cuu thiit ki, chi tgo ra thiit bi tdm ddu chan khdng thuc dn vien cho cd Thiet bi co nang sudt 0,4 -0,5 tdn/gid, luang ddu bd sung vdo vien thiec dn cd the dgt den 33%, dp ddng deu tdm ddu dgt 92% - 95%, dp vd vien < 2% vd sai so dinh luang luang ddu cdp cho timg me sdn phdm dgt ±2%o Vien sau khi tdm ddu khd, bdng, dep, ddp ung yeu cdu cua sdn xudt

Tie khoa: Tdm ddu ehdn khdng, thiec dn thiiy sdn

I DAT V A N De

Cd hdi, ca tam va mdt sd loai cd bien nhu cd gid, cd trem, cd song v.v la nhimg loai ca nudi cd gid tri kinh te cao, da va dang ngdy mdt phdt trien Thfte an cho cac loai cd nay thudng

cd yeu cau ham lugng chdt beo cao, cd bien thudng bd sung them 8 - 12% chat beo (md ca, dau

cd, dau thuc vat), cd nudc lanh (ca hdi, cd tdm) bd sung them 15 - 30% chdt beo Vd chdt b6o thudng dugc bd sung vao vien thfte an sau khi da dugc say khd

Trong thuc te khi bd sung them dudi 12%) chdt beo vdo vien thfte an, cdc ca sd sdn xudt thudng diing may bao ddu, tftc ddu beo chi dugc bao tren be mat cCia vien Khi cdn bd sung them tren 15%, nhdt la 20 - 30% chat beo vao vien, may bao ddu khdng dap ftng dugc yeu cdu Tftc la theo cdng nghe bao ddu thdng thudng, vien thfte an khdng the ngam het dugc lupmg ddu beo bd

sung va vien thudng bi noi Do vdy de viec bd sung them 15 - 30% chdt beo vao vien dugc dam

bdo chdt lugng, dap ftng dugc yeu cau cfta sdn xuat, cdn thiet phai nghien cftu ftng dyng phuong phap khdc Mdt trong cac giai phap dugc nghien cftu ftng dyng la tdm ddu vdo vien trong dieu kien ehdn khdng

II NOI DUNG VA PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U

2.1 Noi dung nghien CLPU

1 Dilu tra, khao sat, ddnh gid chdt lugng lam viec cfta cdc may hien dang dftng phd biln trong sdn xudt lam ca sd cho viec lua chgn nguyen ly, kit cdu may tdm ddu ehdn khdng phu hgp vdi dilu kien sdn xudt d Viet Nam

2 Thiet ke tdng the, thilt kl chi tilt mau mdy nghien cftu

- May trdn chinh;

- He thdng hut chan khdng;

- He thdng dinh lupmg vd cdp ddu ty ddng

3 Che tao cdc thilt bi,

4 Thft nghiem, danh gid chdt lugng lam viec cua thilt bi

2.2 Phu'O'ng phap nghien ciPu

- Phuomg phdp thu thdp va xft ly cac sd lieu dieu tra, khdo sdt;

- Phuang phap chuyen gia de danh gid, lua chpn nguyen Iy, kel cdu mdu mdy nghien cftu;

- Phuomg phap thft nghiem trong phdng thi nghiem vd trong thyc le san xudt;

- Phuomg phdp thu thdp va xft ly sd lieu Ihi nghiem;

- Phuang phdp danh gia chat lugng sdn phdm (theo cac TCVN vd tieu chuan cua Nhd mdy): + Ham lupmg dau trong sdn phdm;

+ Dp ddng deu sdn phdm sau khi tdm ddu chan khdng;

+ Dp bao phft cua ddu sau khi phun;

+ Dp dm cfta san phdm sau khi tdm ddu;

III K^T QUA VA T H A O L U A N

3.1 LiFa chon nguyen ly thilt bj tlm dSu chan khong

Qua qua trinh khdo sdt cac mdu thill bi tdm ddu ehdn khdng cua n^odi nudc cung nhu trong nudc da chl tao, da lua chpn dugc nguyen ly, cau tao thilt bi tdm ddu ehdn khdng ndng suat 250 kg/me tuang duomg vdi 500 kg/h (hinh I)

Hinh 1 So dd clu t^o t h i l t bj tlm d l u ehdn khong

1 - Cgm djnh lu'png, phun dlu; 2 - IVI^y trOn, t l m dlu; 3 - Cym hut eh§n khong

Hogt dpng cua thidt bi nhu sau:

Thfte dn vidn cho thuy sdn da sdy khd (dp dm khodng 10-11%) dugc pan dinh lugng du cho mOt md Idm vi?c cua thiet hi tdm ddu ehdn khdng va dugc dua vdo buong tr$n (2) sau dd

ddng kfn cdc van cua bu6ng Cho cym hut chan khdng (3) ho?it dpng dl t?io chan khdng trong

bu6ng tr$n vd cho mdy trOn (2) ho^t d^ng dk ddo tr^n nguyen li?u trong budng trpn Theo ddi

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ddng ho dp suat, khi dp sudt trong budng trdn dat dp ehdn khdng cdn thilt, khdi ddng thilt hi (1)

dl phun ddu beo vao budng Iron Dl ddu beo thdm thdu tdt vdo ben trong vien, thudng qud trinh lao chan khdng trong budng Iron va phun dau beo dugc thuc hien lap di lap lai 2 - 3 Idn cho mdi

me tam ddu

Dau, chat beo tft thung chfta ldn dugc gia nhiet den nhiet dp 50 - 70°C va dugc dinh lugng theo khdi lugng yeu cdu cho mdt me chl bien vd chfta tai thung chfta nhd, gpi la thung dinh lugng Khi da dinh lupmg dft lugng dau yeu cdu, van dien tft ddng khdng cho ddu tft thung chfta ldn chdy vao thftng dinh lupmg vd van nay chi dugc md khi me tdm ddu da ket thfte

Khi ket thuc me lam viec, van dien tft md, phd ehdn khdng trong budng trdn vd sdn pham dugc thdo ra khdi budng trdn qua cfta thdo lieu

Ket cdu budng tdm dau ve ca ban nhu mdt mdy trdn thfte an chan nudi binh thudng vd cd cdc kieu nhu may trdn ngang mdt trye hay may trdn ngang hai trye, may trdn dftng, hodc may Iron dang canh diep O day chpn kieu may trdn ngang dang hai tdng vit xoan

3.2 Tinh toan, lya chon mot sd thong sd cac thilt bj chinh

3.2.1 Tinh toan thiet ke may tron tam dau

May trdn chan khdng dugc thiet ke Idm viec theo chu ky timg me, moi me trdn Id 250 kg nguyen lieu, thdi gian tdm dau cho mdt me sdn phdm ke cd qua trinh trdn, qua trinh hiit chan khdng va qua trinh phun dau la tft 20 den 25 phut Ap suat trong budng trdn tfty thudc vdo tftng loai san phdm dieu chinh trong khoang tft -200 mmHg den -650 mmHg

Kich thudc budng tdm chan khdng dugc chpn tren ca sd mau may Iron thfte an ehdn nudi nang suat 250 kg/me, cy the:

a Kich thu&c budng trpn

+ Khdi lupmg rieng cfta vien thfte an cho cd trong khodng 400 - 620 kg/m^ tuy loai

+ He sd dien day cfta budng Iron la: cp = 0,5 - 0,7

+ Chpn dudng kinh cua budng trdn la: D = 900 mm

Khi dd thl tich cua budng trdn de chfta dugc m = 250 kg nguyen lieu la:

m 250 3

V = = = 0,7716 m tpxp 0,6x540

Chieu ddi budng Iron:

i = — = 7 = 1,2135 m

n - , « ^ -2

V _ 0,7715

S ~ 3,14x0,45'

Chpn L = 1,25 m =1250 mm

Vdy chpn kich thudc budng Iron Id: D x L = 900 x 1250 mm

b Kich thu&c cdnh vit mdy trpn

Cdc kich thudc hinh hpc cua cdnh mdy trdn

+ Dudmg kinh ngoai canh vit ngoai: Di = 885 mm

+ Dudmg kinh trong cdnh vit ngodi: di = 765 mm

+ Dudng kinh ngoai canh vit trong: D2 = 545 mm

+ Dudng kinh trong canh vit trong: dj = 345 mm

+ Budc vit t = 445 mm

Tinh chon cdng sudt ddng ca mdy trdn

Ndng xuat ddo trdn cfta cdnh vit dugc xdc dinh nhu sau:

Qdt = Qi + Q2

Trong do: Qi: Nang sudt dao trdn cua cdnh vit tdng ngoai

Q2: Nang suat ddo Iron cfta cdnh vit tdng trong

Vdi: e, ^ 6 o ^ ( A ' - ^ ' ) „ ^ ^ ^

Trong do: Di: Dudmg kinh ngoai canh vit ngodi: Di = 0,884 m

di: Dudmg kinh trong cdnh vit ngoai: di = 0,764 m

n: Tde dp quay cfta true trong mdt phut, n = 25 - 30 v/ph, chpn n = 30 v/ph p: Khdi lupmg rieng cfta vien, p = 540 kg/m"*

S: Budc vit, S = 0,445 m 9: He sd diln ddy cfta budng trdn, 9 = 0,5 - 0,7 Sau khi tinh loan ta dugc Qi = 40,43 tdn/h

Tuomg tu nhu tren ta dugc Q2 = 36,67 tan/h

Ndng sudt ddo trdn cua cdnh trdn la:

Qdt= Q1+Q2 =77,1 tdn/h Cdng sudt can thiet len trye cfta canh vit cd the tinh theo cdng thfte:

1, 1000 1000 J k

N«\0-\Q.{L.o) +

H)-k Trong do: Q: Ndng sudt, tdn/h

L: Chieu ddi phdn ldm viec cua cdnh vit, m

co: He sd trd luc, can su dich chuyen cua vat lieu He sd nay chi sy ma sdt ciia vdl lieu vdi canh vil vd mdng Ddi vcM vdl lieu dang hat co = 1,5 - 1,6; ddi vdi vdt lieu dang bdt co = 1,2 - 1,3 H: Chieu cao ndng vdt lieu, m

k: He sd xet den mat mat do ma sal trong qua trinh ddo trdn, k = 0,7 - 0,8

Trong cdng thfte tren, sd hang thft nhat chi cdng sudt lieu hao de van chuyen vdt lieu theo chieu ddi vd sd hang thft hai chi cdng sudt lieu hao de van chuyen vat lieu theo chieu cao

Thay gid tri vdo cdng thfte ta dugc: N = 2,96 kW

Cdng sudt ddng ca dien cfta may Iron chinh dugc xdc dinh theo cdng thfte sau:

N _ 2,96

77 ~ 0,85

Trong do: rj: Hieu suat bd dan ddng, TJ = 0,8 - 0,85

Chpn ddng ca giam tde cdng sudt N = 3,7 kW, ldc dp n = 50 v/ph

3.2.2 Tinh toan thilt ke cum hut chan khong

- D I qud trinh hut ehdn khdng trong budng Iron dugc lien tyc, nit ngan thdi gian hiit ehdn khdng vd lpc byi cam ve bomi chan khdng cdn cd binh hut ehdn khdng trung gian Bam ehdn khdng ludn duy tri dp sudt dm trong binh trung gian vd tren dudng dng hftt cd ludi Ipc dl ngan bui vl bam

- Khi linh todn chpn bcnm hftt ehdn khdng phdi ddm bdo dp sudt trong budng trdn cd thl dat

dp suat sdu nhat la -650 mmHg vd thdi gian cho moi ldn hiit ehdn khdng trong budng Iron dl d^t dugc dp sudt dm cdn thiet vdi thdi gian it nhdt cd thl (khoang 1,5 - 2 phut) vd cdng sudt vfta phdi

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N,^ = — = =^^ = 3,48 kW

a Tinh chpn binh hut chan khdng trung gian

Thl tich binh hftt ehdn khdng trung gian cdn chgn sao cho bdng thl tich cfta budng trdn tru

di thl tich cua nguyen lieu cd trong budng trdn Myc dich chpn nhu vdy de moi ldn md van dien tft, lupmg khdng khi cd trong budng trdn khi da chfta nguyen lieu dugc hftt nhanh chdng vl binh trung gian, gidm thdi gian tao dp sudt dm trong budng Iron

Thl tich binh hftt ehdn khdng:

Vbtg = Vtr - Vnl

Trong do: Vbtg: The tich binh hut chan khdng

Vtr: The tich budng trdn Vnl: The tich nguyen lieu

250

K>, = V.r - V„, = 3,14.0,45M,25 - — = 0,335 m^

Chpn dudmg kinh binh trimg gian: dbtg = 0,6 m

V

Chieu dai binh trung gian: L,„ = '"^ , = 1,1 m

' 3,14.r„,^

Vdy chpn kich thudc binh chfta trung gian dbtg x htg - 600 x 1100 mm

b Tinh chpn bam ehdn khdng

Ap suat trong budng trdn yeu cau cdn phdi dat sdu nhat Id -650 mmHg vd thdi gian cho mdi Idn hut ehdn khdng trong budng trdn dl dat dugc dp suat dm cdn thilt Id 2 phftt

- Thl tich budng trdn Vtr = 0,798 m^

- Luu lugng cfta bam chan khdng cdn thilt la:

Qbck = Vtr/t

Trong dd: Vtr: Thl tich budng trdn

t: Thdi gian dl dat dugc dp ehdn khdng yeu cdu, t = 2 ph

Qbck = 0,798/2 = 0,399 m^/ph = 24 m^/h Vdi dp sudt trong budng trdn yeu cdu cdn phdi dat -650 mmHg vd luu lugng bam la

24 m^/h, chpn bam ehdn khdng cd thdng sd ky thu^t sau:

Bam ehdn khdng vdng ddu 2 cdp SHIMADZU

Model: GDH - 800 PASTNo: 261-81673 P=10-^Pa(10-^Torr)

Q = 6701/ph = 40,2 m^/h

N = 2,2 kW

3.3 Thilt kl, chl tao vd khdo nghidm thilt bj

3.3.L Thiet k^, chl tao thiet bi

Vdi cdc thdng so lya chpn, dd thilt kl, chl tao thilt bi tdm diu chan khdng thfte dn vien cho cd ndng suat 250 kg/me, tuomg duomg 0,5 tdn/h (hinh 2)

^3^-Hinh 2 Thilt bj tlm dlu chan khong 250 kg/me

3.3.2 Ket qua khao nghiem

a Xdc dinh dp sudt trong budng trpn

Thi nghiem dugc thuc hien tai hai nhd mdy: Cdng ty Cd phdn Chuang Ducmg - Hdi Phdng

va Cdng ty Cd phdn DABACO Viet Nam

Dieu kien thi nghiem:

- Dudng kinh vien thfte an cho cd 0 4 mm; khoi lugng rieng cfta vien p = 540 kg/m^;

- Ap suat trong budng trdn thay ddi tft -100 mmHg den -600 mmHg;

- Lugng ddu cdp cho moi me sdn phim la 30%

Kit qud thi nghiem thu dugc neu t^i bdng 1; 2 vd hinh 3; 4 vd 5

Bimg 1 Kit qudi thf nghidm t^l Cdng ty C i phin Chirvng Du'O'ng

STT

1

2

3

4

5

6

L09I m i u

H01

H02

H03

H04

H05

H06

Ap s u i t trong b u i n g tr$n (- mmHg)

100

200

300

400

500

600

Thdyj gian tlm d l u

eho 1 mg e h i b i l n

(phut)

20

20

20

20

20

20

Him lu'p'ng d l u trong sdn phim

(%)

21,56 27,16 29,06 30,16 32,04 32,12

Hinh 3 Sin phim tru'dv v l sau tlm dlu tfi Cdng ty C6 phin Chvrong Dipcmg

v&l Mm luvng dlu c6 trong sdn phim Id 29,6%

121

Bang 2 Kit qua thi nghiem tai Cong ty Co phin DABACO Viet Nam

STT

1

2

3

4

5

6

Loai miu

MOI

M02

M03

M04

M05

M06

Ap suit trong budng trpn (- mmHg)

100

200

300

400

500

600

Thoi gian tlm dlu

cho 1me chl biln (phut)

20

20

20

20

20

20

Ham \utong dlu trong

san pham

(%)

24,62

27,57

29,06

30,16

31,07

32,56

Hinh 4 San phim tru'O'c va sau tlm dlu chan khdng tai Cdng ty CP DABACO

Viet Nam vol ham lu'p'ng dlu cd trong san phim la 31,07%

% oo

3 0

2 5

2 0

1 5

1 0

5

0

-B ^

-100

• ^^^

-200

- -H- - cty DABACO

-300 -400 -500 -600

Ap sudt, r TimHg

Hinh 5 Anh hu'O'ng cua ap suit budng trdn din ham iLPp^ng dlu trong vign

Kit qua thu dugc neu tai bang 1 va 2 cho thdy:

- Ddi vdi mdu sdn phdm dugc tdni ddu d dp sudt -500 din -600 mmHg, ham lugng dau c6 trong vien sdn phdm rdt cao Lugng ddu bd sung ngdm hoan toan vao vien, tren be mdt vien

khdng cd hien tugng bdm dinh ddu Khi tiln hdnh cdt ddi vien thfte an nhdn thdy ddu thdm vdo tan ldi vien sdn phdm Mdu sde vien ddng dlu, vien d?p

- Khi dp sudt chan khdng trong budng trdn giam dan thi khd ndng thdm ddu cung giam B I mat vien cd hien tugng bam dinh ddu thfta Khi tiln hdnh cdt ddi vien nhdn thdy dau chua thdm vdo tan loi

- Vien cfta Cdng ty Cd phdn DABACO Viet Nam kha ndng thdm ddu tdt ban vien cfta Cdng ty cd phdn Chuang Duomg Ly do Id vien cua Cdng ty Cd phan DABACO Viet Nam sdn xudt cd dp xop cao horn, vien dong dlu hom vien cfta Cdng ty cd phdn Chucmg Duong

Nhu vdy dk cd dugc lugng ddu trong vien cao (din 32%), cdn duy tri dp sudt trong budng

trdn tft -500 mmHg din -600 mmHg

b Khdo nghiim ddnh gid chdt luang ldm viic chdt thiet bi tdm ddu chan khdng

Sau khi khdo nghiem vd phdn tich sd lieu thi nghiem thu dugc, thilt bi tdm ddu ehdn khdng dat cdc chi tieu sau:

- Ndng sudt cua budng trdn: 250 kg/me

- Thdi gian thuc hien cho moi me sdn phdm: 20 - 25 phftt

- Ap suat chan khdng trong buong trdn cd thl dat: - 650 mmHg

- Tdng lugng ddu cd trong vien dat: 32,56%>

- Do ddng dlu cfta vien: 92 - 95 %

- Dp vd cfta vien sau khi tdm ddu: < 2%

- Sai sd dinh lugng ddu phun cho tftng me sdn phdm: ± 2%

Cdc ket qud thi nghiem dugc phdn tich tai Phdng thi nghiem trpng dilm Qudc gia VILAS

242 cua Cdng ty Cd phdn DABACO Viet Nam

IV K i T LUAN

1 Da thilt ke, che tao dugc d trong nudc thiet bi tdm ddu ehdn khdng thfte an vien cho cd Thiet bi cd nang suat 0,4 - 0,5 tdn/h, lupmg ddu bd sung vdo vien thfte dn cd the dat den 33%, dp ddng deu tdm ddu dat 92% - 95 %, dp vd vien < 2% vd sai sd dinh lupmg lupmg ddu cap cho tftng me sdn phdm dat ±2% Vien sau khi tdm ddu khd, bdng, d?p, ddp ftng yeu cdu cua sdn xudt

2 Thilt bi de sft dung, van hdnh va gid thanh thdp, phu hgp vdi thuc tl nudi trdng thuy sdn

d Viet Nam

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1 Trinh Chdt, Le Vdn Uyin Tinh toan thilt kl he dan dpng ca khi NXB Giao Due, 1999

2 Nguyin Trong Hiep Chi tiit mdy NXB Giao Due, 1997

3 Nguyin Vdn May Bom quat may nen NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, 1997

4 Tdn Thdt Minh May va thilt bj van chuyin va Djnh lugng Dai hoc Bach Khoa Ha Noi, 2000

5 Ton Thdt Minh Truyen nhiet va thilt bj trao dii nhiet Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Noi, 2003

6 Dinh Gia Tudng, Tg Khdnh Ldm Nguyen ly may NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, 1995

7 Hd Le Vien Giao trinh Ca sd tinh toan cac may hoa chdt va thyc phdm Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Npi,

1997

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