de Idng khd nang thdm Ihdu vd thodt hai nudc trong cdc qud trinh xir ly sau nay thi viec chdm qud la vo cimg cdn thiel.. Vi vay de nang cao nang suat, chat lirgng va ve sinh an t o ^ thy
Trang 1KET QUA NGHIEN CUU THIET KE, CHE TAO MAY CHAM QUA ^^
Le Xudn Hdo' La Mgnh Tudn ^
Trong quy trinh cong nghe chi biin mid kho, mgt trong nhimg cong dogn khong the Ihieu duac do Id thdm thdu vd sdy kho Ddi vai moi so logi qud cd lap vo qud lien vdi thft qud nhu ldo, man, ma, de Idng khd nang thdm Ihdu vd thodt hai nudc trong cdc qud trinh xir ly sau nay thi viec chdm qud la vo cimg cdn thiel Tuy nhien hien nay, cdc mdy chdm qud co ndng sudt thdp, chdm khdng deu, hay bj ket vd di gdy ndt qud Di ndng cao ndng sudi vd chdt lirgng sdn phdm sau khi chdm Viin Ca dien Nong nghiep vd Cong nghe Sau thu hogch da nghien cim thiet ke, che tao thdnh cdng mdy chdm qud ma, man, tdo ta Thiit bf co ndng sudt 1000 - 1200 kg'h, ty li dgp ndt qud < 0,5%, dg sdu chdm 3-5 mm, ty le chdm diu theo dien tich xung quanh > 70% Qud sau khi chdm ddm bdo cdc yiu cdu ve chdt lugng vd vi sinh an todn thuc phdm cho sdn xudt mui khd
RESULTS FROM STUDYING ON DESIGNE AND MANUFACTURE OF PUNCTURING MACHINE USED FOR APRICOT, PLUM, JUJUBE
Le Xuan Hao', La Manh Tuan'
SUMMARY
In processing technology of diyed thiits, one of the indispensable stage is absorbed and dried For some fiiiits crust associated with the pulp as apples, plums, apricots it is necessary to prick to increase permeability and evaporation in the subsequent processing But now, there are a lot of machines which have low productivity
of prickle, irregular prickle, often stuck and easy to break fruits To improve productivity and product quality after pricking Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Post-Harvest Technology has researched and designed successfully principles apricots, plums,, apples pricking machine This machine with a capaci^ of 1000 -1200 kg/h, crushed fiiiits rate < 0.5%, pricked depth 3-5 mm, regularly prickle surrounding area rate > 70% Fruits pricked by the machine has gained wananty requirement for the quality assurance and food safety in manufacturing diyed fhiits
LDyJ-TVANDE
Mui kho la san pham truyen thong ciia dan toe
ta va dugc sir dyng nhieu trong cac hpi he, le tet
Tuy nhien, hien nay hau het cac ca sa che bien mut
kho, 6 mai vin chii yku la Iam thu cong vai cac
trang thi6t bj sa sai, ning suit thip, khong dam bao
chat lut^g va v^ sinh an toan thirc pham
Vi vay de nang cao nang suat, chat lirgng va ve
sinh an t o ^ thyc pham trong cong nghe che bien
miit kho thi can phai nghien cixu, thilt k6, che tao va
dira vao sir dyng cac Ihifit bi phii hgp vai timg cong
dogn chl bien nhu may phan loai, may cao vo, may
khia, may cham,
D^i vol cong ngh? che bien miit ma, man, tao
ta kho thi cong do?n cham qua c6 vai tro rat quan
' TS Vi§n Co dif n nong nghiq) vS Cong ngh? sau thu hogch
^ KS, Vi^n Ca di§n nong nghidp vi Cong n^? sau thu ho?ich
2 TAP
trpng, anh hirong 1cm d6n qua trinh tham thau va sly murt Hi?n nay, cac thiet bj cham qua thirong c6 nang suat thap, cham khong deu, hay bj dSp nat Vi vay, nghien curu thiet ke va che tao thilt bj cham qua ma, man, tao ta la viec Iam can thiet de nang cao nang suat va chat lu'png san pham mut ma, man, tao ta kho
n N O I DUNCPHirONG PHAP NGHIEN ClftJ
2.1 Ngi dung nghien ciru
- Xac djnh mpt s6 thong s6 ca ly cua qua: h? so
ma sat tmh cua qua; lire ep pha va ket cau cua qua
- Xac dinh mpt s6 thong s6 thilt ke ciia may: tdc dp quay cua Id cham; cong suat dpng ca; ndng suat cua may
- C h l tgo thiet bj
- Khao nghiem, danh gia kha nang l^m vi?c cQa thilt bj
CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 7 - 2012
Trang 22.2 Phuang phdp nghien cuu
- Phirong phap chuyen gia 6k dinh gia, lira
chpn nguyen ly, ket cau cua may nghien ciru
- Ket qua do dac cac so lieu thi nghiem dugc xu
ly theo phuang phap thing ke toan hoc
- Phuang phap nghien ciiru ly thuyet dugc dua
tren cac nguy6n tic chung ctia cac phucmg phap Igp
va giai cac bai toan trong ca hoc tren ca so cac dinh
luat cua Niu-tan
- Cac bai toan dugc khao sat theo ngon ngii
Excel, table curve
- Danh gid chat lugng san pham theo cac TCVN
va tieu chuan nha may
Ul KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1 Xac dinh nguyin ly cho mdy chdm qua
Tir nhiing phan tich tong quan tai lieu va khao
sat cdc thilt bj cham qua hi^n nay tai cac cong ty
chl biln miit, 6 mai va can CIJT vao yeu cau cong
ngh? chl bien miit qua chi can cham hai mat ben
nhihig 16 co dp sau nhat djnh, de tai da chpn nguyen
ly umg dyng lyc quan tinh ly tam dl tinh toan thiet
kl may cham qua May co cau tgo kilu hai 16 quay
ngugc chieu nhau, nhu tren hinh 1
Hmh I Sa do nguyen ly mdy chdm qud
I - D$ng co; 2, 4 - Lo chSm; 3 - M4ng cap li^u;
5 - Mdng thodt lieu
Nguyen ly boat dpng:
Dpng ca {I) dan dpng, cdc 16 chdm (2) va (4)
CO gin cac kim cham quay ngugc chieu nhau, qua
dugc cap vao pheu cap (3) qua cira rai xu6ng khe
hd cua hai Id Do hai Id quay ngugc chi£u nen cudn
qua xudng phia mdng thodt li?u va d6ng thai cac
kim cham thirc hien cham vdo phan thjt qua, duoi tdc dung ciia luc qudn ti'nh ly tam, qua thodt khdi 16 cham va rai xu6ng mdng thoat li?u (5) ra ngoai
3.2 Xac dinh mgt so thong so thiet ki cua mdy
3.2.1 Xde dinh luc ep phd •i^ vd he so ma sdt cua qud vdi cao su, inox
Qua nghien cuu thuc nghiem, chiing tdi da xac dinh dugc he s6 ma sdt cCia qua vdi bang cao su, inox va luc ep phd va ket cau qua Ket qua dugc trinh bay trong bang 1
Bdng 1 Lux: ep phd va vd hi sd ma sdt
ciia qud vdi cao su, inox
Chi tieu H? so ma sSt v6i bane cao su H^ so ma sat L^Ic dp phd vO kit cau qua, N
I)6i tvcatiE
Mo 0,39 - 0,46 0,33 - 0,39
3 2 - 3 8
Mgn 0.35 - 0,38 0,28 - 0,31
3 5 - 5 6
Tdota 0,30 - 0,36 0,24-0,28
3 2 - 5 0
Nhu v|ty, khi tinh todn ly thuyet thiet ke mdy,
dl qua khong bj thay d6i ket cau ta phai chpn luc ep ngogi lyc F < 32 N va he s6 ma sat Idn nhat fms = 0,46
3.2.2 Xac dfnh dudng kinh Id chdm
Do tren Id cham co gdn rit nhieu kim nen trong qua trinh cham cdc kim nay se elm sau vao trong qua, khi cac Id quay va keo qua theo chieu quay cua
Id cham va neu dudng kinh 16 cham cang Idn thi dp sau cham ciia qua cang deu va t6c dp quay eiia Id cham se nhd ban
Qua thi nghi?m tham dd thyc tl, chgn dudng
kinh Id cham trong khoang D^ = 120 -5- 240 mm
3.2.3 Xac dinh toe do auav 16 chdm
|F
Hinh 2 Sa do 1{K khi chdm qud, F =
Gia sir ta cham qua tdo dang hinh cau cd dudng kinh Dq = 35mm, khdi lugng mgt qua m = 0,02 kg
Trang 3va dudng kinh 16 cham D^ = 160 mm, khi dd gdc
kepx=35'' (1)
Cong suat dgng ca cho 2 Id quay dugc tinh theo
cdng thiic:
Trong do:
N - cdng suit cua dgng ca chu dgng, W;
m - van toe gdc Id cham, rad/s;
Mc - md men can tgi cac tiep diem, Nm
Mc dugc tinh theo cdng thirc:
Mc = F^R (3)
Trong do:
F,„ - lire ma sdt d tiep diem, N;
R - bdn kinh 16 chdm, m
Trgng lire ciia qua dugc tinh theo cdng thuc:
Pq = mg
Trong do:
m - khdi lugng ciia qua, kg;
g - gia toe trpng truang, m/s'
Ta xet h? luc can bang theo true tga dp Oy:
fi"g
SY = Onen F ^ = : (4)
2/cos(^/2) + 2sin{^/2)
Trong do f la he so ma sat
Be mdy cd the lam viec dugc, dieu kien bit buoc:
M > M hay — > F R
' 0 • "
15P IS/*
TTiay (4) vao (5) ta dugc:
^ ^ 1 5 P | / c o s U / 2 ) + sm(;ir/2)] ^^^
(8)
Trong dd n la tdc dp quay 16 cham, vdng/phut
Mat khdc ta co lire quan tinh ly tam F|, ciia qua:
F|j=ma)2R (7)
Trong dd w la van tdc goc ciia 16 cham, rad/s:
njT
to=
30
De qua sau khi cham cd thi thodt ra ngoai va
khong bj dap ndt thi:
F „ S F , < F ^ (9)
Trong do Fp la I^rc ep pha \ a kSt cau cua qua
Tit(4),(7)va(9)tac6:
^ g
V S n , o ' R < F p (10)
2/cosU/2) + 2sinC!'/2)
Thay edc gia tri vao ta dugc:
70 < n <850
3.2.3 Xde dmh chieu ddi Id chdm vd ndng suat mdy chdm
Nang suit ly thuyet may cham Q phu thupe vao
sd vdng quay cua Id cham n, duang kinh Id cham
Dg, chieu dai Id cham L ^ Nang suit mdy cham dugc tinh theo cong thirc:
„ eOkmD L m
Q = -1^^-^ (11)
Trong dd:
Q - nang suat mdy cham, kg/h;
k- he sd dien tich huu ieh mat 16 chdm, 0 < k < I;
n - t6c dp quay ciia 16 cham, vdng/ phut;
Dc - dudng kinh Id cham;
L^- chieu dai Id cham, m;
dq - dudng kinh trung binh eua qua, m;
m - khdi luang trung binh eua qud, kg
HayrLc = (12)
6i)kmimD^
Ddi vdi day diuyen chl bien mirt kho 5 tan nguyen lieu/ngay Ihi nang suit may cham Q > 625 kg/h
Vdi man, tao ta, ma cd dtrdng kinh trung binh dq = 35 mm, khdi lugng trung binh mpt qua
la m = 0,02 kg
Tir edng thirc (12), de nang suat may Idn hem 5 tan nguyen lieu/ ngay, an toan khi m ^ Iam viec ta chgn Lq = 0,15-0,20 m
3.3 Mpt so kit qud nghien ciru thuc nghiem
Vdi mdi loai qua se cd lire ma sdt khi cham khdc nhau, vi vgy lire ly tam de thang luc ma sat
va lire pha va kit ciu qua eung khac nhau De tim ra tdc do quay phu hgp vai tixng loaj qua ta phai dung phuang phap thuc nghiem
Qua kinh nghiem th^c te va ca sd nghien ciru ly thuyet, d l tai chgn khodng nghien cihi so vdng quay cua Id cham la: 50, 100; 150; 200; 250;
300 va 350 v^j^ut Trcmg thi nghi»n, cac yeu td khac
§31? nguyen
Trang 4I o> Anh hudng so vong quay cua cua Id chdm
I chdt lugng tdo sau khi chdm
Ket qud thi nghi?m dugc the hien tren bang 2
vd dd thi hinh 3
Bdng 2 Anh hudng cua so vong quay din chi tieu
chdt lugng tdo sau khi chdm
SLSP
(%)
NLl
NL2
NL3
TB
So vong quav cua lo chSm, v/ph
50
49,5
44,7
100 1 150
87.2
77,6
98,3
98,0
200 99.4
98.7
250 98,9 99,5
300 98,7 98,6 98,7
350 98,2 98.6
CItM
laWQ
S P , % t
/
/
'
/ / •^
1
= 1 D3Cie<'-15 S71x' + 71 liU -14,2
f ' ^ 0.9916 —
- - T B Poty (TBI
SO 10D 150 200 250 303 350
n - So «dro CFity, «oti>h
Hmh 3 Anh hudng ciia sd vdng quay
den chdt hrgng tdo sau khi chdm
Qua dd thj tren ta thay nlu n<100 vdng/phiit thi
chat Iupng tdo sau cham dat yeu cau chi khoang
45^-83% Khi n ^ 150 vdng/phiit thi chit lugng tdo
sau cham dgt yeu cau khoang 98-^99%
b) Anh hudng so vong quay cua ciia 16 chdm
den chdt lugng mgn sau khi chdm
Ket qud thi nghi?m dupc the hien tren bang 3
va dd thj hinh 4
Bdng 3 Anh huang cUa s6 vong quay den chi tieu
chat lugng man sau khi chdm
SLSP
(%)
NLl
NL2
TB
S6 vdne quay cua Id chSm, v/ph
50
50,2
45,5
100
85,3
79,6
79a
150
98,9
99,3
98,7
200 99,0 98,2 98,6
250 98.8 99,1
300 98,7 98,5 98,5
350 98.0 98,7
n- toe £ quajr.vong/ phut
Hmh 4 Anh hudng ciia so vdng quay den chdt htmtg mgn sau khi chdm
Qua dd thi tren ta thdy neu n < 100 vdng/phiit thi chit lugng man sau cham dgt yeu cau chi khodng 46 - 79% Khi n ^ 150 vdng/phiit thi chit lugng man sau cham dat yeu cdu khodng 98 ^ 99%
c) Anh huang so vong quay cua cua Id chdm den chdt lugng ma sau khi chdm
Kit qua thi nghidm dugc the hien tren bang 4
va do thj hinh 5
Bdng 4 Anh hudng cua so vong quay den chi tieu chdt lugng ma sau khi chdm
SLSP
(%)
NLl NL2
TB
So vong quav cua lo chSm, v/ph
50 52.7 49.2
100 74,7 76,3
150 97.9 98.4
200 98,6
250 98,2 99,5 1 99,3 99,0 1 98,8
300 98,7 99,4
350 98,7 98.4
n- l i e M fluay, vingtihll
Hinh 5 Anh huojtg ciia so vong quay din chdi lugng ma sau khi chdm
Trang 5Qua dd thi tren ta thay neu n<!00 vdng/phiit thi
ehat lugng ma sau cham dat yeu cau ehi khoang
49^80% Khi n ^ 150 vdng/phiit thi chit lugng ma
sau chdm dat yeu ca'j khoang 98-^-99%
3.4 Mpt so thong so thiet kecltinh may cham qud
De thiet ke, che tao may cham qua co nang suat
5 tin/ngay, bang eae ca sa tinh todn !y thuyet va
nghien ciru thue nghiem nhu tren ta xde djnh dugc
ede thdng so ky thuat chinh cua may nhu sau:
+ Nang suat may; 0 ^ 5 tan/ngay
+ Ducmg kinh Id cham: Dc = 0,22 m
+ Chieu ddi lam viec Id cham: L = 0,20 m
+ Tdc dp quay 16 cham: n = 150 -^ 250 v/ph
3.5 Khdo nghiem, ddnh gid khd ndng ldm viec
cua mdy
3.5.1 Dan vi khdo nghiem
Trung tam Gidm djnh Ma> va Thiet bj - Vien
Ca dien n6ng nghiep vd C6ng nghe sau thu hogeh
3.5.2 Kit qud khdo nghiem ddnh gid khd ndng
ldm viec cua mdy chdm qud
Tiln hanh khdo nghiem va ddnh gid khd nang
ldm viec cua may tren ddi tugng qua man Tam Hoa
Ket qua khao nghiem dugc the hi^n trong bdng 5
Bdng 5 Kit qud khdo nghiem ddnh gid khd ndng
ldm viec cua mdy chdm qud
TT
1
3
Chi tieu
Nang su5t k p ^
Ty le dap nat %
Dp sau cham, mm
Ty 1^ cham deu
theo dien tich xung
quanh %
Yeu cau
che tao
1.000
0,5
70
Ket qua khao nghiem 0.46 3.3 71.8
E>anh gia Phil hop Phil hop
Phil hgp
Nhdn xet:
- Mdy lam \ iec dn djnh, van hanh an todn, dl
thao thae \ e sinh sau khi lam \ iec:
- San pham ciia may ddp ung dugc yeu cdu ciia
ca sd sdn suat;
- Cac ket qud khao n^iem eiia thilt bj phii hgp
vdi cdc yeu cau ehe tgo
IV KET LUAN
1 Dd lua chpn dugc nguyen l\' thilt kl, ehe
tao may cham qua ma, man, tao ta lam nguyen lieu
eho san xult mut khd
Thiet bi c6 nang suat 1000 - 1200 kg/h, i\ 1? dap nat < 0,5%, do sau eham 3 - 5 mm ty Ie cham deu theo dien tich xung quanh dgt tren 70% San phdm sau khi cham dam bao cac yeu clu dinh duong, an toan ve sinh thuc phdm cho sdn xudt mirt khd
2- Thiet bj de su dung, van hdnh an toan, gia thdnh thdp, phti h ^ voi dieu kien san xudt miit kho
6 mai tgi cac ea sa sdn xudt d niroe ta hien nay
Hinh 6 Mdy chdm qud dang vgn hdnh trong xuung sdn xudt
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1.1^ Xuan Hao, f)oan Xuan Thin, 2007 MEO' eit lat dira Thdng tin Co dien nong nghiep va che bien nong
lam san Hoi Ca khi nong nghiep Viet Nam, sl 11
2 £>oan Xuan Tliin, Le Xuan Hao, 2005 May cSt lat khoai lay Thong tin CCT dien nong nghiep vd che bioi nong lam san, Hpi Ca khi nong nghiep Viet Nam, s6 3
3 Le Xuan Hao, Luong Quy Cirong, Doan Xuan Thin, 2002 Co sd ly thuylt xac djnh mpt s6 thong so b$ phan cit lot mong khoai tay kilu trdng ly tam Hoi thao tien trong giai doan phat triln mdi NXB Nong nghi?p
Ha Noi
4 NguyIn Nhu Thung, L« Nguyen Duong, Rian U, Nguyen Van Khde, 1987 May va Thilt bj chl b i ^ thirc
dn ehan nudi Nhd xuat tidn khoa tipc ky thulL 5.1 A Xokolov 1976 Ca sd thilt kl m ^ san xudt thvc pham (NguyIn Trong The dieh) Nha xuSi ban Khoa hoc KJ thuat
Ngiriri phan bien: TS Dodn ?Qian Hlin