MOI SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEO OOA XAY ODNG VA PHAT TRIEN GHHHNG TOlNH SACH GIAD KHOA PHO TOONG SAD NAM 20 IS TS, NGUYEN THU TUAN* di giai doan phat trie''''n cua dat nude deu dat ra nhtrng yeu eau mdi c[.]
Trang 1MOI SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEO OOA XAY ODNG VA PHAT TRIEN GHHHNG TOlNH SACH GIAD KHOA PHO TOONG SAD NAM 20IS
TS, NGUYEN THU TUAN*
di giai doan phat trie'n cua dat nude deu dat
ra nhtrng yeu eau mdi cho dao tao ngudn
nhan lire, vi vay chuong trinh (CT) giao due
phdthdng (GDPT) can cd nhirng thay dd'i thich hpp
de gdp phan dap ung nhimg yeu cau mdi dd Tuy
nhien, CT GDPT hien hanh dang bdc Id nhirng bat
cap, can duqc giai quyet bdi mdt loat cac giai phap
ddng bdtheo hudng vufa kethua va phat huy nhirng
thanh tuu da dat dupe, vufa thuc hien nhiing dd'i mdi de'
dap iing cae yeu cau dao tao ngudn nhan luc trong
giai doan phattrie'n mdi cua dat nude, dap iing suphat
trien eua ban than CT vakhSe phue nhirng tdn tai, han
ehe'cLiaCTcu(l)
Mat khac, tuf nhifng ddi hdi phai nang cao chat
lupng day va hpe, tiif yeu eau ddi mdi can ban va
toan dien nen giao due de'dap irng sunghlep CNH,
HOH dat nude, viee xay dung va phattrie'n CT, sach
giao khoa (SGK) mdi la he't sii'C can thie't (2) De
nang eao chat lupng CT, SGK mdi sau nam 2015,
can cd mdt hi thd'ng nhirng giaiphip ddng bd, Xii
viee dd'i mdi mue tieu giao due cho de'n each thirc td
Chile, dieu hanh, tdng ket, danh gia chat lupng CT va
SGK ciia cac ea quan quan li, eung nhu chuan bj
ngudn nhan luc, ngudn tai ehinh va su quan tam,
phd'i hop cila nhieu co quan, ban nganh (3) Cac
glal phap dd la:
1.Xay dung CT.SGK mdi theo quan diem giao
duo hien dai
Viee xay dung va phattrie'n CT GDPT theo quan
diem giao due hien dai nhim phat huy nhirng thanh
tuu, khac phue nhung tdn tai cua cac CT trude dd,
tao dung mdt bd CT mdi phii hap vdi truyen thd'ng va
nhimg dd'i mdi cua dat nude, eua GDPT Viet Nam
de' ngay cang tie'p can dupe vdi trinh dp G D PT eua
eae nude phattrie'n tren thegidi CT GDPT mdi phai
la CT giao due qud'c gia dupe ap dung thd'ng nha't
trong ca nude nhung dupe phep van dung linh hoat
dephiihpp vdi tu'ng dieu kien, hoan canh cuthe'cua
tilrng vLlng/m len, tung nha trudng, tii'ng dd'i tupng hpc
sinh (HS) (1) IVIdtCT GDPT hien dai can dat ra dupe
12 Tap chi Gido due so 326
nhiing thach thufc ma HS phai lien tuc nd luc phan dau devuptqua.De'lam vlec nay, eac mdn hpc phai dupe
td ehii'e thiet ke va thuc thi sao cho ed the eung cap cho HS each hpc, each glal quyet van de, each khai thae thdng tin tuf nhirng ngudn khac nhau, kT thuat xu
li thdng tin , tddd kie'n tao kie'n thdc mdi cho ban than hoac giai quye't cae van de trong cudc sdng Qua do,
HS cam tha'y tutin vao ban than, cd ddng lire tim tdi eae vande mdi (4)
Bien soan mdt CT ehuan qud'c gia vdi nhieu bo SGK khac nhau la mdt van de mdi dd'i vdi Viet Nam, nhung da la phdbiendnhleu nude tren thegidi Quan diem nay hoan toan dung din, phii hop vdi xu hudng ehung, tao dieu kien de' ngudi day va ngudi hpc lira ehpn nhimg cudn SGK phii hpp nha't, tdtnhatdenang cao chat lupng day va hpe Nhung trude khi dua ra quye't djnh ve van denay, can tra Idi thda dang nhifng cau hdi sau: Can bao nhieu bd SGK: 2,3 hay 4 bp? Neu nha xua't ban (NXB) la don vi true tie'p tdehifc bien soan SGK thi ngoai NXB Giao due Viet Nam dang rat ed uy tin va ngay eang khing djnh thuong hieu eua minh, se cd nhifng NXB Idn nao khac dam nhiem dupe vlec nay? Cd can thie't phai td chii'c dau thau giifa cac NXB khdng? (vi ed canh tranh nen cung khie'n cho SGK se cd chat lupng tdt hon) Vdi cdng tac quan li, cap nao la ngudi true tie'p lira chpn bo SGK deday eho HS (eac SdGD-OT hay Ban giam hieu nha trudng, hay giao vien (GV) bd mdn?) (5) Theo quan die'm eiia ehung tdi, xua't phat tuf dieu kien cuthe'cua thue tien day va hpe hien nay dphdthdng, vlec bien soan nhieu bdSGK d Viet Nam de'n khi nao nen thuc hien vathuc hien nhuthe nao can phai can nhlcthau dao, than trpng nhung cung ddi hdi phai ed quyet djnh khan truang de' nd trd thanh hien thuc va
dem lai Ipi ieh eho nen giao due nude nha Trong mdt qudc gia, CTgiio due nin thd'ng nhat, nhung trong qui trinh van dung can cdphan cdng viphan mem
(phan ciing bao gdm nhifng tri thufc ehung mang tinh bit bude do nha nude quan li; phan mem bao gdm tri
* Khoa Nglie thuat, Tnriing Dal hoc sir pham Ha Noi
(ki2-1/2014)
Trang 2Mcdiapbuang) Tn/demit,canudcthd'ngnhaimdt
bd SGK mdi, trong dd dinh eho dia phuang quyen
xay dung eae tai lieu giio khoa bd'trgphuhgp vdidic
diem cda ngudi hgc va dac thu eua dia phuang minh
(tat nhien, eae tai lieu giao khoa dja phuang nay phai
dupe sutham dinh va gdp y cua IHdi ddng tham dinh
qud'c gia) (3) Trong dieu kien chua ed nhieu bd SG K
ehotifng_viing/mienthiSGkmdlsaunam2015nen
ed chl din eu the deG V ed the chii ddng linh hoat td
chii'c cac hoat ddng day hpe sao cho phii hpp vdi thuc
tecijatufng dja phuang
CT GDPT va SGK mdi se dupe xay dung theo
hudng tie'p can nang luc eua ngudi hpe (tii'c la xua't
phat td cac nang luc ma mdi HS can cd trong cudc
sd'ng, va ket qua cud'i ciing la phai dat dupe eae nang
luc ay) Theo dd, ndi dung phuang phap day hpc
-phuang phap kie'm tra, danh gia deu phai hudng tdi
nang luc tu hpc, nang luc phat hien va giai quye't van
de trong hpc tap, trong cude sd'ng, col trpng ren luyen
kT nang sd'ng (6) Vi vay, nd phai dupe xuat phat tif
eac nang luc thie't ye'u can cd trong eude sd'ng hien
tai va tuong lai dd'i vdi mdi HS, tren ca sd dd ma lua
chpn, de xua't eac ITnh vuc hpc tap, cac hoat ddng
giao due cho tuong thich va hifu ieh Nang lue HS
can cd la eac nang luc ehung va nang luc chuyen
nghiep Ca sd de' hinh thanh nang luc la kie'n thire
Dethuc hien viee ren luyen nang luc, CT can duqc
dattren nen tang eua mdt nguyen li: kii'n //jifcphai
duqc HS tu kie'n tao chif khdng phai dupe chuye'n
giao tif G V Viee ren luyen nang luc ddi hdi phai cd
du thdigian, HS phalsi}dung nhieu lan, lap di lap lai
mdi cdthe tang cudng nang luc cave chieu rdng lan
chieu sau (4)
2 Quy trinh lua chpn, xet duyet chat luprng
SGK dua vao sudung
Theo chiing tdi, BpGD-OTphai la dan vjchuquan
de' hudng din, ehi dao viee bien soan CT Cae NXB
Idn, cd uy tin se la nhifng don vj true tie'p tdehifc bien
soan SGK Sau khi bien soan xong, Bd GD-OT se
tham djnh chat lupng va dua ra quye't dinh cud'i eiing
de bd SG K nao se dupe lua chpn dua vao day dtrudng
phdthdng
3 Van de tac gia bien scan CT va viet SGK
CT va SGK phai la mdt edng trinh nghien cuu
khoa hpc su pham thuc su, la ket qua hoan hao cua
mdtquatrinh lao ddng nghiem tiie ciia dpi ngu tac gia
ed trinh dp chuyen mdn va am hie'u giao due phd
thdng Khi soan thao CT va bien soan SGK phdthdng
hien hanh, Bd GD-DT da tap hop duqc mdt dpi ngu
hiing hau cae nha khoa hpe, eac nha giao due dtrung uang va dia phuang eiing tham gia Tuy nhien, khi td chifc bien soan CT va SGK mdi sau nam 2015, Bd GD-DT can cd suchpn Ipc tinh hon, kT han, nghiem
ngat han dpi ngu tac gia bSng each dua ra tiiu chi lua ehgnticgia(7)6idam baoCTvaSGKmdisau nam
2015 dupe bien soan tdt nha't, tao dieu kien tdi uu cho vlec day va hpe dat hieu qua cao
4 Cdng tac quan li
Dd'i mdi cachequan li.dleu hanh la van de eaban
va then ehd't, gan nhu cd vai trd quye't djnh thanh bai eua toan bd cdng tac dd'i mdi giao due va dao tao (7) -Thudng xuyen tdehife danh gia, mt kinh nghiem
ve CT va cac dieu kien trien khai CT de phat huy nhifng uu diem; ddng thdi phat hien kjp thdi nhifng tdn tai denhanh chdng dieu chinh, bdsung deae mue dp thich hpp
- Nang cao nang luc hoan thien ve ddi ngu nha giao va can bd quan li giao due de ddn dau nhifng ddi mdi cua GDPT (1)
- Can thanh lap mdt Vien chuyen nghien cifu ve
CT, SGK phdthdng, add quy tu mdt dpi ngu nha giao
va can bd quan li ed be day kinh nghiem, ed nang luc thuc te trong nghien cifu, thiet keCT, SGK Nhiem vu cua Vien la nghien cifu nhifng van de lien quan de'n ddi mdi mue tieu, ndi dung, phuang phap day hpe, danh gia ket qua hpe tap; xay dung chuan kie'n thifc, kT nang; thie't lap quan he giifa tinh phap li, tinh thd'ng nha't va su van dung linh hoat CT giao due qud'c gia theo dac diem dja phuong, dac die'm dd'i tupng HS Tdehifc nay hoat ddng phai rat chuyen nghiep, bai ban va hieu qua
5 Dd'i vdi cac trudng su pham
Od'l mdi GDPT phai bit dau tif cae trudng su pham (7) Vi vay, eac trudng_ su pham can nhanh chdng ddi mdi can ban, sau sac CT dao tao cho phu hpp vdi thue tiln G DPT dang Hen tue thay dd'i va phat trie'n CT dao tao mdi eua eae trudng su pham phai di trude GDPT, vi vay can trien khai ngay tuf nam hpc nay de'sau 4-5 nam nifa, cac khda sinh vien ra tmdng
cd the d l dang tie'p can va thich iing dupe ngay vdi
CT, SGK mdi sau 2015
- Can ed che dp thu hut de' huy ddng, tap hop dupe cac giang vien va can bd quan li giao due la nhung chuyen gia hang dau ve giao due cae cap hpe phdthdng, cac giang vien ed be day kinh nghiem
va cd nang lue thue tecap hpe phdthdng de' hp sin sang tham gia vao cdng cudc dd'i mdi CT va SGK sau nam 2015
Trang 3- Tao dieu kien va khuyen khich cae giang vien
thudng xuyen cap nhat vdi CT dd'i mdi cua tmdng phd
thdng, tham gia cae dpt tap huan ve phuang phap
day hpc hien dai de' san sang tie'p nhan CT mdi, san
sang tham gia bdi dudng chuyen mdn va nghiep vu
su pham eho GV eac dia phuang
- Can ehii y cdng tac bdi dudng eho dpi ngu GV
hien hanh, thudng xuyen td ehife eae Idp tap hua'n
giiip GV nang eao trinh dp, cap nhat kie'n thifc, nim
chic ndi dung va yeu elu eiia CT, SGK mdi (3) Cac
GV khdng nen quan niem SGK la mdt thif khudn
vang, thude ngpc de vi the ma thay va trd nhat nhat
phai tuan theo de'n tufng cau, tOfng chu, tung vi du nhu
trong sach (vi SGK duac vie't bdi mdt hay mdt nhdm
tic gia, do vay nd mang rd tinh ehu quan cua ngudi
biin soan - mac du sich dd da dugc tham dinh a cap
^odcp/aj.Thuc techo tha'y, nhifng GVgldlthudng cd
each day rieng cua minh trong qua trinh sir dung
SGK nhung lai cd hieu qua rat eao
6 Nghien cifu, hoc tap kinh nghiem cua cac
nude phat trien
Trong bd'i canh hdi nhap qud'c te nhu hien nay,
chiing ta cd nhieu co hdi va dieu kien detrao dd'i kinh
nghiem, hpe tap each lam CT, SGK phdthdng cua
eac nude tien tie'n va van dung eho phu hpp vdi dieu
kien, hoan canh cua dat nude minh - dd la con dudng
ngin nha't, tie't kiem nhat de'tie'p can vdi xu theva trinh
dp GDPT ciia eac nude phat trie'n trong khu vuc va
tren the gldl(1)
* * *
Xay dung vaphat trie'n CT, SGK phdthdng mdi la
mdt cdng viee he't sifc trpng dai, ed y nghTa chien lupc
ddi vdi nganh giao due, can dupe tien hanh nghien
ciru va thue hien mdt each nghiem tuc, khan truang
nhung than trpng (3) De xay dung va phat trien CT,
SGK mdi sau nam 2015 thuc suchait lupng, hieu qua
va cd tinh kha thi, can thuc hien mdt he thd'ng nhifng
giai phap ddng bp nhu tren Q
(1) D6 Dinh Hoan "Met sO' bai hoc kinh nghiem tir
bo'n lin thay ddi chuong trinh giao dye phd thOng"
Tap chi Khoa hpc gido due, s6 72, thang 9/2011
(2) Trinh Dinh Tung - Biii Thj Oanh "MOt s6' y kie'n
v6 sach giao khoa mOn Lich sir hien nay va sau nam
2015" Tap chi Gido dvic, s0'312, thang 6/2013
(3) D6 Ngpc Thft'ng "Ddi mdri chucmg trinh va sSch
giao khoa giao due phd thOng" Tap chi Khoa hoc
gidoduc, s6'62, thang 11/2010
(4) NguySn Due Chinh "Vai suy nghi vS chuong tnnh
14 Tap ehi Gido due so 326
va sach giao khoa phd thOng sau 2015" Tap chi Khoa
hoc gido due, sd 93, thang 6/2013
(5) NguySn Van Ninh "Chucmg trinh Ljch su phd thOng a Cong hoa Phap va kha nang van dung cua Viet Nam" Tap c/ii Gido duc,sd 297, thang 11/2012 (6) Ngo Tr4n Ai "Sach giao khoa - cSn mOt tdng c8ng
trinh su xuit sdc" Tap chl Day vd hoe ngdy nay, sd
10, 2012
(7) Vu Van Du "Suy nghT vS ddi mai chuotng trinh, sach giao khoa giao due phd thOng sau nam 2015"
Tap chi Qudn li gido due, sd 50, thang 7/2013
SUMMARY
From requires improving the quality of teaching and learning, from innovation requires radical and comprehensive new education to meet the industri-alization and modernization of the country, the con-struction and development program process, a new textbook Is essential, with strategic significance for the education sector
To build and develop programs, new textbooks after 2015 successfully, there must be a system of synchronized solutions, have been studied and im-plemented In earnest, cautious Thus, programs and textbooks after 2015 will have the quality, effective-ness, feasibility, come to life
To Ghliii day nglig theo module
(Tiep theo trang 11)
Tai lieu tham kliao
1 Dang COng san Viet Nam Van Iden Dal liSi dai
bieu toan qu6'c iSn tliii' XI NXB Chinh tri qud'c gia
-Su thdt, moi I
2 Fulst, Stefan Im Spannungsfeld von Modularisierung
und Europisierung: Die deutsche duale Berufsbildung
im Test Rainer Hampp Verlag 2003
3 Fasshauer, Uwe u.a Beweglichkeit ohne Beliebigkeit Modularisierung und Schulentwicklung in der beruflichen Bildung W Bertelsmann Verlag GmbH
& Co KG, Bielefeld 2001
SUMMARY
The paper presents the study of modular voca-tional training, to clarify the difference between the yearly vocational training and vocational training module, assess the status of vocational training modules, on the basis that the proposed solution measures implemented In the modular vocational practice, perform basic policy Innovation, compre-hensive training
(ki2-1/2014)