Sau 1975 mpt s6 nam, lang Piong tham gia mpt so mo hinh san xuat kinh te mai nhu hop tac xa, tap doan; nhieu thanh nien nam nir lao dpng nhu nhiing cong nhan, xa vien trong nhirng co sd
Trang 1CACH DAT TEN HIEN NAY CUA NGUai BA NA
(Tmong hop lang Piong, tinh Gia Lai)
NGUYIN QUANG TUE
Bai Viet de cap den viec "ttiay ten doi lio" ciia ngirni Ba Na 6 mgt lang cacfi llianh piio Pleiku (tinii Gia Lai) hon 20 km Lang co 101 iig/103 lid Ba Na theo
Tin lanii, co 1 tlion trirong, 13 Sang vien, 14 cliap sirva 1 truyen dao vien tinli nguyen ff do, ngoai cacti dat ten con tiieo ioi truyen lliong vdi khuon mau nhat dmh, nguffi dan con dung ten cua ngirdi Kinh, ten cua cac dien vien dien anh, cau thu bdng da noi lieng va cac nhan vat trong Kinh Thanh de thuc hi^n khai sinh cho con cai cua minh Da co nhieu tai lieu nghien cdu, gidi thieu ve van lioa Ba Na d Tay Nguyen Trong bai nay, chung tdi xin khong nhac lai ma
di thing vao noi dung cu the Thong tin so lieu, tinh hinh lien quan duoc trinh hay lai day do ngudi viet thu thap, xd li, linh Idi thang 7/2014
1 Sff luve gidi thi^u ve lang Piong
/./, Lang Piong hien tai thugc xa A Dak
(duoc tach ra tir xa la Pet nam 1983; xa hien
CO 10 lang vai U-en 4.000 dan, chu yeu la nguoi
Ba Na), huyen Dak Doa, tinh Gia Lai, each
trung tam thanh ph6 Pleiku khoang 25 km ve
phia Dong Nam, hien c6 103 ho nguai Ba Na,
voi 455 khau va 18 hp nguai Kinh (69 khiu;
chil yeu la nguoi moi d6n dinh cu de' lam an,
buon ban, la giao vien hoac cong chiic, mot
so ngiroi lam viec cho UBND xa ) Trong s6
103 hp Ba Na, co 43 hp ducrc xep vao dien hp
ngheo, theo chuan hi?n hanh
Lang Piong co tir bao gio, khong ai ro Chi
biet, thcri thupc Phap da co dia danh nay Khi
do, lang chi co dp muoi hp, tu cu tren manh
dat gan khu vuc gipl nuac (ben nuac) phia dong
cua lang hien nay Sau 1954 khoang 5, 6 nam,
khi nguoi MT xual hien a Tay Nguyen, lang
Piong van dinh cu tai vj tri cii, dan so da tang
ien gSp doi so voi thai gian truoc do Sau nhiing
nam 1960, lang Piong cung voi 8 lang Ba Na
khac trong khu vuc bj don vao mpt ap co ten
Sau ngay 30/4/1975, m6i hp gia dinh duac chia 50 m dat dai theo mat duang lang, sau vao trong khoang 100 m vi>a la tho' cu, vua
dk vuon (5.000 ml/ho) Khi do, lang Piong
thupc xa la Pet, huyen Mang Yang (cu, nay la Dak Doa, sau do duac tach, nhu da trinh bay d tren) Sau 1975 mpt s6 nam, lang Piong tham gia mpt so mo hinh san xuat kinh te mai nhu hop tac xa, tap doan; nhieu thanh nien nam nir lao dpng nhu nhiing cong nhan, xa vien trong nhirng co sd lam viec tap trung, nhu nong trudng BdNgoong (nay thupc huyen ChuSe)
1.2 Theo ong Y Nhiii ngudi Ba Na, sinh
nam 1970, Trudng thon (vira ket thuc nhiem
kl ngay 22/6/2014), cQng dong thdi la mpt chap su Tin lanh lang Piong, den thang cuoi thang 6 nam 2014, ngudi Ba Na lai day co
101 hp theo Tin lanh, 1 hp theo Cong giao va
1 hp khdng theo dao Lang co 13 dang vien, trong do co 4 dang vien ngudi Ba Na, so con lai chu yeu la dang vien ngirdi Kinh duong chuc tai UBND xa A Dak, la giao vien hoac cong chirc, cdng nhan, can bp ve huu
Trang 2lang CO khoang 30 ha liia nude, 60 ha ca phe,
dan bd khoang 45 con Khi nong nhan, thanh
nien nam nu di lam thue cho ngudi Kinh, qua
cac cong viec nhu cham soc, thu hoach ca phe,
cao su, v.v Ca lang d£u d nha xi mang lap
ton hoac lop ngoi, ca biet c6 nhihig hp giau,
da xay dung nha cua khang trang, tien nghi;
khong con hp nao d nha san Lang dupe nha
nude dau tu mpt nha rong nhd, vach van, mai
lap tdn, bd tri d mpt khu dat hep, khong lien
dung, da nhi&u nam khdng cdn su dung vao
viec chung Ngudi Ba Na lang Piong co
khoang 120 xe gSn may eae logi, 31 xe cdng
ndng, khoang 90% sd hp e6 tivi; da so nhirng
ngudi ire tudi su dung dien thoai di dpng
Chi Menh (1979, nguyen can bg Hdi Phu
nir cua lang) cho hiit: lang Piong hien cd dp
60 - 70 ngudi det thd cam kha lanh ngh8 Hp
thudng mua spi mau d cha tinh hoac ehp huyen
ve del thanh chan, vay, khd, tiii xach San
phim lam ra c6 the dugc mang di ban d thi
trSn hay tai Pleiku, tham chi gian tiep ban sang
MT Cong viec thu eong nay cd nhihig nam
kha rgn rang va mang lai cho ngudi del ngudn
thu nhap khong that cao nhung hap dan, thu
hijl nhieu ngudi tham gia (moi ngay cdng, mot
ngudi kiim duac 50.000d -lOO.OOOd) Tuy
nhien, nd khdng thuc sir on dinh Hien tgi, lam
cdng viec nay mpt each thudng xuyen, cung
cap san phim eho thi trudng d mire dp vira
phai, ca lang chi eon lai ba hg gia dinh vdi
khoang 6 - 8 ngudi det
1.3 Bit dau tin va theo Tin lanh (mien Nam)
tu khoang 1978, ban dku chi vai ngudi, khoang
10 nam trd lai day, dai da sd ngudi Ba Na lang
Piong timg budc khdng cdn tin vao yang (than
linh, trdi), da bo han cac sinh hoat cdng dong
mang tinh truyln thdng nhu an trau, bd ma,
ciing ben nude; khi dau 6m, sinh nd deu den
cae CO sd y ti ciia xa, huyen, tinh; khdng hiit
thuoc, udng rupTi Nhd co he thdng giao thong
thuan lai, san phuang lien di lai, nen ngudi
dan trong lang tiip xiie vdi ben ngoai kha de
Ba Na lai cdng ddng nay luong ddi rd ret, ca trong Idi sdng hSng ngay, each thiic lam an, xay dung nha ciia v.v
Su lan toa manh me ciia dao Tin lanh ffi gdp phan lam thay ddi can ban ddi sdng tinh
t h ^ eua ngudi dan noi day Lang hien cd 14 chap su chinh thiic (trong dd cd I ngudi la thdn tnrdng va 1 truydn dao vien tinh nguyen) Nhiem ki chap sii va thdn trudng deu keo dai
2 - 2,5 nam; chiic danh chSp su bat budc phai thdng qua quy trinh: dan bau chpn, duoc su ehap thuan eua UBND xa va muc su quan li dia ban Nhiing ngudi giup muc su lo viec dao
va cung la phSn nao viec ddi cho ba con trong cdng ddng nay, dupe phan chia dam trach mot
sd nhdm cdng viec cu the, nhu: truyen dao, nghi ll, eham sdc, giiip dd,
Nhieu nam qua, Kinh Thanh va cac tai heu truydn dao, hd tra truyen dao dii logi deu da dirge in song nguBa Na - Viet, liru truyen rpng rai irong epng ddng Nhieu bang, dta lien quan den hoat ddng (thudng khdng ghi noi san xuit) nay ciing da xuat hien d lang, het nhu d nhieu cdng d5ng khac Thupe khu vuc xa A Dak, sat canh lang Piang cd mdt nha thd Tin lanh mdi dugc xay dung khang trang (t^ng dien lich
su dung tren 700m^), dao hihi cac cdng dong xung quanh sinh hoat thudng xuyen va deu dan tgi day, dudi su quan nhiem ciia mpt muc
su ngudi Ba Na (cd cha ciing la mdt muc su
Ba Na, ca hai ngudi nay diu d nha rieng, thupc
xa ben canh - xa Glar)
1,4 Mpt phan ldi sdng cua ngudi dan lang
Piong hang chuc nam qua chju anh hudng dang ke tir iruyfen hinh Nhu nhieu noi khac trong tinh, lang khdng ed tu diem sinh hoai van hoa cdng cpng, khdng (hoac rat it khi) duac xem phim, xem cac budi bieu dien nghe thual don thuSn hay mang tinh dinh hudng ciia nha nude'" Do dd, tap trung ben tivi khi co the' la dieu de thay d lang Trong nhilu su h5p dan eiia vd tuyen ddi vdi dan lang Piong, thi phim bd nhieu tap cua Han Qude, Trung
Trang 3Ngoai hgng Anh, Euro Cup, World Cup, ) la
nhihig chuang trinh khdng the thilu, dac biet
la phim Sy anh hudng dd phan nao tac dpng
inic tiep den viec dat ten cho tre so sinh tai
epng ddng nay, khi khdng chi eo eac thanh'
nien nam nii me phim (va bdng da) ma ca cac
ong bd, ba me tre eung thich thu vdi loai phim
dai tap nay Ngoai ra, khi Tin lanh da trd thanh
niem tin ddi vdi toan the cdng ddng Ihi nhiing
anh hudng tiir ton giao nay ddi vdi viec dat ten
cho tre so sinh cung khdng phai la khdng cd
2 V^ viec dat ten con cua ngudi Ba Na
2.1 Dat ten theo kieu Ba Na Iruyen thdng
la nhu the nao? Cho den nay chua co nhiing
nghien ciiu vh each dat ten cho tre so sinh eua
ngudi Ba Na, Da cd nhung bai viet de cap den
"ll thdi lai" va khdng it ngudi cho ilng le thoi
lai lien quan den nghi thiie dgt ten tre so sinh
ciia ngudi Ba Na Tren thuc tl, day la mdt nghi
thiic chung eua nhieu tdc ngudi thieu sd Tay
Nguyen, bao gdm ea ngudi E De, Gia Rai v.v
Sir dung eong cu tra ciru vdi tii khda "le thdi
tai", trong 0.24 giay, Google eho ra khoang
3,330,000 kit qua lien quan din hoat dpng
nay (21/7/2014) Dilu dang ndi, theo tim hie'u
ciia chung tdi, hien khdng cd lai lieu nao mieu
thuat viec dat ten cho tre so sinh Ba Na, ngoai
trii mpl sd thdng tin trong cudn Mgi Kontum
dupe xuat ban tir 1937'^'
Thuc dia lang Piong cho thiy, ngudi Ba Na d
day tin vao Chiia (Tin lanh va Cdng giao) n6n
khdng con sudung nghi thiic "le thdi tai" (neu ^
timg CO va lien quan din viec dat ten cho tre)
Tuy nhien, nhiing ngudi ldn tudi, ma dng Hinh
la mpt nhan ehiing, xac nhan: 10 -15 nam trudc
khi ehua theo Tin lanh, lang nay vin dn vao yang,
cac nghi thiic ciing te truyen thdng van duge
duy tri Trong do ed viec "bao cao" vdi trdi dat
vl sy ra dai cua mpt sinh linh mdi, ma le vat cd
dinh la mot con ga, mpt ghe rupoi Ngay nay,
sau khoang mpt thang tudi, diia tre dupe ba con
nhung ngudi cd dgo id chiic mpt biia lien hoan
nhe mang y nghTa chao mirng, vdi banh keo va
Lam the nao de phan biet ten ngudi Ba Na diroc dgi theo kieu truyln thdng va khdng
truyln thdng? Diu hieu de nhgn biet nhit la
v l hinh thuc Khi ngudi Ba Na dgt ten con theo kieu truyen thdng, hp su dung ngdn ngii cua chinh dan tdc minh de dgt (va sau dd van ban hda eae ten gpi iy qua giiy khai sinh, chung minh thu ), ddng nghTa vdi viec khdng su dung he thdng chii viet tieng Viet cho hanh
ddng tuong ty Vi du: Bum, Khuirm Hin, Thuel
la nhiing ten ngudi Ba Na; Binh, Dao, Huong,
Tram, la nhung ten Viet, the hien hang chii Viet, dupe ngudi Ba Na dung di dat ten cho
ngudi Ba Na
2.2 Dgt ten cho tre khi nao? Viec dgt ten
thudng dupe lien hanh hanh ngay sau khi dua
be ra ddi Vao Ihdi diem dd, me cha tim eho diia be mpt cai ten nao dd ma hp thich, nhieu khi rat khd giai thich, trudng hpp chua tim duac ten thi dng ba, hp hang, ngudi than quen di tham san phu ngay sau dd se lam giup viec nay Chung ldi ehua thay nhiing dau hieu kieng cii trong viec dat ten cho tre so sinh tgi day, nhung diing la ddng bao ludn tranh dgt trung ten vdi nhiing ngudi than trong gia dinh, ddng
hp hay ba con hang xdm lang gieng, nhat la ddi vdi nhung ngudi da chet ma hp biet, cdn nhd ten Thdi gian dgt ten eho tre so sinh (khdng ddng nhil vdi viec den UBND xa lam khai sinh) khdng nhit djnh, thudng la 1 - 3 ngay sau khi sinh, nhung cung ed khi lau hon, din
5, 7, 10 hoac 15 ngay
Ngay nay, trong mdt sd trudng hop, ngudi
Ba Na lang Piong tham chi eon dgt ten con
trudc khi sinh, theo hai each: di sieu am di
hiit chic chin la con trai hay gai rdi chpn ten
trudc; khdng sieu am, ehua rd trai hay gai thi dat ten theo kieu: nlu la con trai thi dgt ten nay, nlu la con gai thi dat ten kia Viec nhanh hay eham trong viec dgt ten cho con tre, ddi khi eon phu thudc vao y kien ddng tinh hoac phan ddi cua nhung ngudi cd lien quan trong
va ngoai gia dinh cd, eau be dd Li do nay cd
Trang 4cua tre bi thay ddi Ong Gech cho biet con trai
dau ciia dng vdn cd ten la Gnim nhung khi hp
hang phat hien ra dd la ten eua mdt ngudi ba
con da mit thi nd duoc ddi thanh Guom nhu
ngay nay
2.3 Ten ngudi Ba Na dgi theo kieu truyen
thdng ed y nghTa gi khdng? Thong thudng,
trudc khi quyet dinh dat mpl cai ten, ngudi ta
phai suy nghT, can nhae, rdi sau dd phai cd sy
giai thich de it nhat la nhgn duac sy ddng thuan
eua nhimg ngudi trong gia dinh hay ddng hg
v.v Song khi ehiing ldi hoi sau ve van de
nay thi nhirng ngudi trong cudc deu khdng tra
ldi dugc Cd the, vao thdi dilm dira be dugc
dat ten, ngudi ta da cd sy luan giai nhit dinh,
nay thi dan quen, nhung cung ed the', eac ten
ay khdng the xac dinh y nghTa Chiing tdi cd
mdi quan he rat than va lau nam vdi ea dng
Hinh (da neu d tren) lan cac con trai cua dng
la Hin (44 ludi) va Hot (35 tu6i) nhung dii da
gang hoi nhieu lin, mgi ngudi van chi biet ten
minh dupe dat theo ten eha, eon y nghTa la gi
thi khong biet Ong Hinh (va va dng) ciing
khdng the giai thich dugc ten ciia bon diia eon
minh cd nghTa gi trong lieng Ba Na Gap lai
nhau trong ngay 29/6/2014 mdi day, sau rat
nhieu ed gang thuyet phuc cua chiing tdi, ong
Hin ndi ten dng hinh nhu am chi su ngheo khd
(?) Em gai dng (ten Hot) va em r l dng (ten
Amiui) deu xac nhan dieu nay nhung khi hdi
sang y nghTa ten eua hg thi khdng nhan dugc
cau tra ldi Rat nhilu ngudi duoc hdi, khdng
mudn hoac khdng thi tra ldi eau hdi vi sao lai
dgt ten ay, nd ed y nghTa nhu the nao v.v
Tren thuc te, cd nhiing ten ngudi mang dau
an, ki niem, ude mo, noi niem, ciia ngudi
dat, cd nhiing ngudi mang ten cay co, hoa qua,
do vat, net tinh each, Nhung dd khdng phai
la tat ca Phan ldn ten cua ngudi Ba Na lang
Piong dupfe tao ra nhu mdt hanh vi vd doan,
rat it cd kha nang tim thay nhirng tir ngii ay
trong tu dien Ba Na thdng dung"'
2.4 Dot ten theo nguyen tdc ndo?
truyen thdng Ngudi Ba Na lang Piong khong theo mau he hay phu he, hp cung khdng co
hp Do dd, con sinh ra khdng phai theo hp ine (hay cha) da danh ma vai trd cua eha me ciing dupe xem la binh dang vod nhau trong dat ten eho con cai
Cho den nay, mac du da ed nhihig bien do'i trong ddi sdng vat chil va tinh than, nhung nhin chung viec dgt ten cho tre so sinh d lang Piong van luan theo "khudn mau" mang tinh nguyen tac nhat dinh Theo do viec ten con trai dat theo ten cha, ten con gai dgt theo ten
me da cd tii xua, nay tiep tuc dugc duy tri'^' Tat nhien, cd nhung trudng hpp, nguyen t5c nay khdng duac tuan thii hoan loan, nhung no lai dupe giai thich mdt each kha thii vi Xin neu vai vi du:
Vi du 1: Vp chdng dng Bong, ba Biu (gan
80 tud'i) trong vdng 10 nam tii 1966 den 1976 sinh ba ngudi con, cd ten lin luat la Bonh (nam) Bop (nam) va Bach (nii)
Vi du 2: Ong Gech liy ba Hnhep, sinh ra cae con trai la Guam, Ga Ri, Goh va con gai
cd ten la Hnhai
Vi du 3: Ong Ving lay ba Blach, sinh ra cac eon trai la Vun, Voi va con gai Bloih
Vi du 4: Ba Nhay cung ngudi chdng dau ten To sinh hai ngudi con, la Nhonh (nu) va Tan (nam) Sau khi li di, ba Nhay lay dng Lim sinh them hai con trai la Lain va Loih
Vi du 5: Ong Hinh (1932) liy ba Hmei, sinh ra con trai la Hin va ba eon gai la Hmap,
Pa (vdn dugc dat ten theo ten me la Hma, nhung sau khai sinh khdng rd vi sao lai thanh Pa nhu hien nay) va Hot
Vi du 6: Ong Djong liy ba Mlaih sinh sau ngudi con, ten ciia hp deu theo ten cha, cu th6: Djenh, Djum Djung Djim va Djan (nii) (Ii
ra, ten ctia Djan phai dupe bSt dau bSng Ml nhu me cua minh nhimg trong trudng hpp nay
da theo phu am bat dau ciia ten eha chiing tSi
Trang 5Nhu vgy, thdng thudng, ten cua mdt ngudi
Ba Na dupe dat theo "khudn mlu" ehii ylu la:
- Ten con trai: Theo phu am hoac nguyen
am dau ciia ten eha
- Ten con gai: Theo phu am hogc nguyen
am dau eua ten me
2.'^.2 Nhirng trudng hop khac va sy Kinh
hda ten ngudi Ba Na da va dang xay ra nhu
the nao? Ngoai viec can cii vao phu am hoac
nguyen am dau ciia ten cha me, ngudi Ba Na
lang Piong cdn dya vao ten dng ba npi ngoai,
anh ehi em, cau mp, cd di ehii bac, hp hang,
nguoi than trong va ngoai gia dinh, de dgt
ten eho tre so sinh Trong trudng hpp nay,
nguyen tac can cir vao phu am hoac nguyen
am dau cua ten ngudi dupe "nuang tya" tiep
tuc dugc ap dung
Viec dya theo len eha me di dat ten con
ludn dupe uu tien hon so vdi cac trudng hop
khac Hilu mdt each ndm na thi sau khi khdng
tim dugc nhirng cai ten ung y theo each dgt
ten ciia cha hoac me (hogc vi mgt li do nao dd,
hp khdng chpn), ngudi ta se dya vao ten cua
cac ddi tuong con lai nhu da neu tren, de dgt
len eho tre so sinh Dieu nay la sy that song
khong phai la khdng cd nhiing ngoai Ie
Vi du 7: Vp chdng dng Vie, ba Djer sinh
nam eon trai, la: Djong, Ving, Vuih, Vuh, Vu va
ba con gai: Djen, Djep, Venh Phu am dau V
va Dj da khdng duoc tuan thu hoan loan khi
dgt ten ngudi nam, nu trong trudng hpp nay,
nhung theo sy giai thieh eiia ngudi cung cap
tu lieu thi nhu thi la hpp li Bdi trudng hop
"ngogi le" Ihye chat la duoc dat theo ten ciia
mgt ngudi than trong ddng hp
Vl dy 8: Vp chdng anh Bdp, chi Hmap
sinh ra ba ngirdi con, gdm mot con trai ten
Binh dugc van ban hda thanh Binh, ten Kinh)
ciing hai con gai la Tha va Than Giai thich
viec hai eon gai khdng theo each dat ten bat
dau bSng Hm cua m?, hp cho biet cae con cua
Vi du 9: Anh Amlu (giao vien tieu hpc, dgy tai lang Piong, tir 2005) ciing ehi Hot sinh hai eon trai va mdt con gai, lan lupt co ten la: Khuy, Khuynh, Khoan Amlu la ngudi dgt ten cho cac con, theo ten dng ndi cua cac chau -dng Khuum, sinh nam 1949 Amlu khong giai thich duoc vi sao lgi nhu vgy va vi sao con gai lit eiia minh lai cd ten bSt dau bing phu
am Kh thay vi diing ta phai la tii hit diu b5ng
chir H (theo ten me - Hot) Tuong ty, theo nguyen tac da neu, cai ten Amlu cung da khdng dupe dat theo each dat ten cua dng Khuirm - cha anh
Dat ten cho tre so sinh Irong mdi lien he vdi ten cha me, dng ba, hp hang, cua chau
be do duge xem nhu mdt viee duong nhien d lang Piong Tuy the, thdi gian gan day nd cung
da cd nhung bien doi nhit dinh, tham chi hoi khac di trong mpl sd trudng hpp
Vi du 10: Anh VQ va vo ten HIan (diu 20
tudi) ed eon trai ten la Xi Viet Cha me giai thich: Xi la dat theo ba ngogi ten Xinh cdn Viet la theo ten eha - Vii
Tuong tu, anh Vuh, ehi Hnan sinh hai con gai la Hna va Vang, mdt con trai ten la Xi Van
Hp giai thieh: Xi la dgt theo ten mdt ngudi trong
hg hang eon Van la theo ten eha - Vuh
Vl du 11: Anh The eung ehi Bei, sinh chau
Be La Ngudi nha giai thieh: Be la theo ten
me (Bei) cdn La la theo ten cua mpt ngudi phia ndi
Vi du 12: Anh Phyonh va vp ten Venh, sinh
ba con trai ten la Phyoi, Phyiu va Due Van Ten chau Due Van duoc phii huynh giai thich: Due la dat theo ten eac dng ben ndi, (dng Dao, dng Diep - ten Kinh) cdn Van dat theo ten
me - Venh
Dii da ed dupe cau tra Idi chinh thiic tii eae gia dinh nay (vi du 10, 11 va 12) song chiing ldi nghi CO le Xi Viet hay Diic Van hogc Be La
la nhiing cai ten mdi, it nhieu chiu anh hudng tii cudc sdng hien dai, cd yeu td Kinh hda,
Trang 6ten cd trong ddi sdng thuc, dupe ngudi Ba Na
dat theo h o ^ dupe tiep nhgn tii phim anh ma
thanh Day cung khdng phai la trudng hpp ea
biet va ehiing tdi se trd lai van de nay d phan
sau, khi ban den nhiing chi lilt tuong ly Nhung
du the nao di chang nua thi cd mdt viec dang
luu y la nhung ngudi dan lang Piong dang dupe
ndi den d day, van mudn tuan thii hoSc cd id
ra mudn tuan theo "nguyen tie" dat ten truyen
thdng, hoae gia, nguyen tie iy van dupe nhieu
ngudi biet, tdn trpng nhung thay vi ap dung
no mdt each nghiem tde thi, trong trudng hpp
nay, ngudi ta da lai van dung nd nhu mot dilm
lya de chdng che khi can thiet
Ddng y viee ngudi Ba Na cd xu hudng dgt
len con cai theo kieu Kinh hda, ciing can ndi
them la ed mpt su khac biet giiia ten dupe ngudi
Ba Na dat ban diu va sau dd, khi nd dupe van
ban hda (thudng la bdi ngudi Kinh) Khdng
phd biln nhung ciing khong phai la hoan loan
ca biet, da cd nhiing trudng hgp ten ngudi Ba
Na duoc Kinh hda theo nhieu each, ngoai y
muon ciia ngudi Ba Na Do la khi eha me,
ngudi than eua ddi tirpng dupe dat ten den eae
noi lien quan, nhu eo sd y tl, UBND xa, trudng
hpc, de dupe dinh danh hay dinh chinh ten
eon em minh tren van ban Sy Kinh hda dd
thudng duge tgo ra lu eae hanh vi sau day: Ldi
khach quan: khdng phai may danh chii, may
vi tinh nao ciing ed Ihl go dung ehii Ba Na; Idi
chu quan: ngudi thuc hien van ban loai nay
khdng biet ngdn ngii Ba Na dan den tgo ldi,
danh may sai tren van ban; ldi do so suat ea
nhan (sai phu am diu, cudi, )
Mgt ngudi Ba Na ndi ten cua hp la Khuuu,
khdng phai ngudi Kinh nao cd trach nhiem
(va nhu cau) eung ed thi ghi diing? Hoae gia,
mdt ngudi Ba Na khdng biet chii, din co sd y
te hoae UBND xa d l lam giay chung sinh hay
khai sinh cho mpt thanh vien mdi cua gia dinh
minh, vdi cai ten dy kien dat la "Ju" Khi ngudi
dd phat am cai ten ay len, viec ghi chep nd lai
se khdng de, neu ngudi lien quan cd trach
cd the dugc ghi thanh: Yu, Dju, Du.'Zu, v.v Ngudi Ba Na khdng cd hp nhung them chu
Y vao trudc ten nam gidi ciing la mdt bieu hi?n
ciia viec "thay ten ddi hp" ed the nhan thay a
lang Piong Trong gia dinh sau ngudi con, chi
cd minh anh Nhfli (1970, cyu Thdn trudng) gan them chu Y trudc ten cua minh (anh ty khai ten nhu vay khi di tam chung minh nhan dan tai UBND xa) Tuy nhien, khi sinh ba con trai (Nhuu, Nhi Nhuk) trong sd nam ngudi con
eiia minh, NhQi da Ididng dgt ihem ehu Y trudc
ten cae con Trong khi dd, dng Gech (1950, cuu Chap sy diu tien ciia lang), cho bilt, hai con trai trong sd bdn ngudi con cua dng la Guom va Geh deu dupe dng them chii Y vao trudc ten mdi ngudi mdt each cd chii dich, Nhiing ngudi lien quan deu biet rd minh hoac eon cai minh khdng cd hp, viee them chii Y vao trudc ten khdng phai nhSm tao ra hg, ma chi la d l cho vui, cho khac ma thdi
Trong dip nay, chiing ldi eung da hdi ong
Y Phon (1969) ngudi Ba Na lang Kon Chrah,
xa H'ra, huyen Mang Yang, linh Gia Lai,
(ngudi dieh tilu thuyet Ddt nude dung lin ra
tilng Ba Na, Nxb Hpi Nha van Ha Ndi, 2014), thi dirge biet: Cha dng ten la Puih, me ong ten
la Ben, cd bdn ngudi eon Ong va ngudi anh trai diu dupe gan them chii Y trudc ten Phu, Phon Y Phon l i y vo* ngudi Gia Rai, t6n Phyung, sinh bdn con, hai con trai dupe khai sinh thanh: Y Phuong va Y Phudc Cling can luu y la vi^c them hay khong them ehii Y vao trudc mdi cai ten Ba Na nhu vira neu, chi cd gia tri tren van ban chu hoan
toan khdng anh hudng din viec giao tiep a
trong va tham chi ca ngoai cdng ddng nay Tai dd, ngudi ta chi gpi ten ma khdng kem them "Y", ddi vdi nhiing ngudi cd ten logi nay Chi tilt nay cd the cho thiy viec dat ten
la quyen cua mdi ca nhan, gia dinh, nhung
cd chip nhan nd hay khdng lai cd phin phy ihude vao epng ddng, va cdng dpng co the' dilu chinh nd
Trang 7tiep nhgn, truyln dgt va thi hien cae ten ggi
trong mpt sd trudng hpp eung gdp phin lam
"thay ten ddi hp" cua ngudi Ba Na O lang
Piong, cd nhiing cai ten thudng duae ngudi
Kinh ggi hoac viet nhim (chung tdi cung
khong phai la ngoai le), ehing hgn: Binh thanh
Binh, Thonh thanh Thong, Trunh thanh
Trung,
O mgt khia cgnh khac, chinh ngudi Ba Na,
vi nhieu li do da "cung cap" ten sai cho nhiing
ngudi muon biet, mudn lim hieu hogc don gian
la phai ghi chep (chu yeu la ngudi Kinh, ngiroi
khong bill ehii Ba Na) ve van de nay Cd the
do ty ti, cho ring cae ten Binh, Thong, Trunh
khdng nhiing khdng dep ma eon khd dgc nen
ngudi ta da "de hda" va Kinh hda nhu viia neu
eho lien
2.5 Khdng phai la lat ca nhung hien tai,
chung ldi thay ngoai each dat ten theo kieu
truyln thdng (ten Ba Na, dupe ghi theo kieu
Ba Na theo "khudn mau", nhu da ndi d phan
tren, vdi it nhilu ngogi le) va "trao luu" Kinh
hoa khd cudng (da trinh bay rai rac trong bai
nay), ngudi Ba Na lang Piong hien nay (va
nhung epng ddng ben canh), da va dang cd
xu hudng dat ten cho tre em theo ten cua cac
dien vien dien anh, eau thii bdng da nude
1 ngoai'^' tham chi ca ten ciia cac nhan vat trong
L Kinh Thanh nira
2.5.1 Ngudi Ba Na dgt tin con theo tin
cdc diin viin, cdu thd nhu thi ndo?
Vi du 13: Nd'i tilng d lang Piong vi cd hai
!', yong bdn ngudi con diu mang ten cua cac dien
' vien Han Qudc la gia dinh anh ChiMt (37 tud'i),
"' chj Nam (35 tuo'i) Trir con gai diu sinh nam
^! 1997 ten Thuel (dat theo ten mot ngudi ben
' ngi, la dng Thur), nay da ed gia dinh rieng,
• con trai iii ten Chheu (theo ten cha - Churtt),
^ hai eon eon lai cua cap vgr chdng nay lin lupt
mang ten cua cac dien vien Yong Hd (nam,
J sinh nam 2001) va Hi Ne (nir, 2008)
Gidng nhu nhilu ngudi trong lang, day la
thi hai cai ten viia neu lgi do ngudi anh vp (tat nhien la eung rat me phim Han) dat eho Do la anh Hin, sinh nam 1970, la ngudi biet chii Ba
Na, chii Viet, tung nhilu nam lam thdn trudng
va hien la mpl chip suTin lanh cua lang Piong (Vg ehdng Hin lay nhau hon hai chuc nam nay nhung chua eo con) Giai thich ve ten ciia cac con minh, vp chdng Chflk cho rang ten cac chau van theo kieu xua, vi: H (trong Yong Hd) va H (trong Hi Ne) la dua theo ten ngudi dat - anh Hin; cdn Ne (trong Hi Ne) da iheo ten me - Nam
Vi du 14: Gia dinh anh Giun (1974), chj Hnhay (1979) cd ba ngudi con Hai con gai diu ten la Thuei va Hnhor, eon trai thii ba ten
la U Ri (2008) Theo gia dinh, day la cai ten gan lien vdi mdt ki niem khd quen khi VTVI
chieu bp phim noi tieng Truyin ihuyi'tJu Mong
Hp giai thich, mac du ten con la U Ri hoi la, nhung each dat thi van theo ldi xua cua ong ba: U thi khdng nhung Ri thi cd lien quan den ten ciia mdt ngudi bac (dng Ri) trong hg hang
Vi du 15: Tucmg tu, gia dinh anh Mim, chi Hlanh cd mpl trong b6n ngudi eon mang ten nhan vat phim Han, do la J u Mong (2008) Mac du dupe cha me dgt ten nhu vgy, nhung d lang mpi ngudi chi gpi ehau la Mon hoac la Mdng trong sd' ciia trudng thdn Theo mpi ngudi, viec dgt ten Mon / Mdng la phii hgp vdi chii cai diu ten cua cha ehau - anh Mim;
em trai eua ngudi mang ten dien vien Han nay
la Muoih
Vi du 16: Gia dinh anh Yuen, chj Hun sinh bSn ngudi con, lin lugt la: Yoam, Ha, Ru Hi
va Yuing Theo gia dinh, Ru Hi la ten cua mgt diln vien trong phim Han Qude Tuy nhien, ten ciia ngudi con thii ba nay da dupe dat nuong theo ngudi chii ten la Ru
Vi du 17: Gia dinh dng Muh (1975), ba Sech CO bay ngudi con, gdm ba trai la Mun, Minh, Ma Xi va bdn con gai la Ho Sa (1998), Thu, Thang (sinh doi) va Xe Theo ngudi dat
Trang 8chu H trong ten ngudi nay lien quan den mdt
ngudi chii ten Hin cdn Sa thi la theo ten me
-S6ch
Mdt sd y kien d lang cho rang Ma Xi
ehinh la ten dupe hinh thanh tu su anh hudng
bdi Lionel Messi, ciu thu ndi tieng ngudi
Argentina
Vi du 18: Gia dinh dng ba Nhfit, Hflt cd bdn
con trai la Jon (John), Ji, Nhd, Nhon, mdt eon
gai ten la Ham Ngudi trong lang eho ring Jon
(hay John) la mgt cai ten cd tu phim nude
ngoai, cdn Nhd, thue chat ban dau dugc dgt la
Rd Bin Nhd - ten ciia mdt cau thii Brasil
Vi du 19: Gia dinh anh Guch (da li di, liy
vp mdi ngay 18/6/2014), chi Hyon cd mgt con
gai ten la Hyoi va hai eon trai lan lugt la: Gi va
Yang Gun - ten duge dat dua theo ten eiia mpt
dien vien Han Qude Theo mdt sd ngudi dlang,
nhieu kha nang chii Guch va Gun eo moi lien
he nhit dinh
Vi du 20: Mpt gia dinh tre khac cha ten
Nhinh, me ten Thonh, smh con gai dat ten la
Ri A (2009) Theo nhung ngudi dupe hdi trong
lang, day la ten ciia mdt nhan vat irong phim
An Dp (?)
Vi du 21: Anh Bfli, chi Hnhon cd hai con
gai Chau dau mang ten dien vien ngudi Han,
la Yu Mi sinh nam 2010, chau thii hai ten Bang
(2013)
Vi du 22: Tuong ty, gia dinh anh Ngum,
chi Thuel, cd con gai sinh nam 2010, dupe dat
ten la Mai A Day la ten ciia mdt nhan vat trong
mgt bp phim nao dd ciia Han hoac Thai Lan,
gia dinh cho bilt (?)
Nhu vay, viee dat ten theo ten eac dien vien
trong phim nude ngoai (chu yeu la phim Han
Qudc) va ten eau thii nude ngoai ndi tieng ciia
ngudi Ba Na lang Piong la ed that, song chua
den miic "tran ngap" hay du d l hinh thanh
nhiing "lang Han Qudc tren Tay Nguyen", nhu
bao chi da nhiet linh eanh bao sdm Trai lai,
miic dp nhat dinh, vin duoc ngudi dan duy tri trong qua trinh tilp biln van hda Bang each nay hay khac, hp vin nhd ve dng ba, eha m?,
hp hang, thdng qua viec dgt ten cho ire so sinh; epng ddng vin cd nhung each dieu ehinh nhit
dinh, khi tiep nhan, xu li nhiing cai ten mdi Ig
nay
2.5.2 Dat ten con theo ten nhan vat trong
Kinh Thanh da va dang dien ra nhu Ihl'nao? Khi ma gan 100% ngudi Ba Na lang Piong theo dgo Tin lanh (va Cdng giao) thi viee hg chiu anh hudng Kinh Thanh la duong nhien Trudc het, cin thua nhan ring, nhu mdt cau chuyen than ki nhieu tap, Kinh Thanh co siic hip din dac biet, va nd cang trd nen hip dan, thin ki hon khi ma nhung ngudi Ba Na d day phan ldn deu cdn phai ddi mat vdi nhiing vat
va mun sinh hing ngay, lai la lan dau dupe tiep xiie Ndi khac di, Kinh Thanh va nhung hogt ddng gan giii ciia nhiing dgo hihi Tin lanh mang den cho ngudi Ba Na lang Piong nhiing nhan thiie mdi va khac so vdi trudc kia (dugc nghi le, dupe vui choi ca hat theo id chuc, dugc hiia hen mot tuong lai gan va xa, de chiu va tuoi sang) Thanh ra, hp tin, tham chi co the ndi la sung lin Kinh Thanh Tu dd, yeu thich
va dat ten cho con cai cua minh theo Kinh Thanh ciing la chuyen khdng qua khd hieu
Vi du 23: Gia dinh anh Tan, chi Theo sinh con gai dat ten theo Kinh Thanh (Cyu udc) la Anna (ngudi Ba Na lang Piong gpi thanh nir Anna la Ya Phir - ba la me eiia Mtiria, ngucn sinh ra Chda Giesu)""'
Vi du 24: Gia (£nh anh Anii, ehi Hnger sinh hai con deu dupe dat ten lien quan den Kinh Thanh (Cyu udc): Con trai dau mang ten cua nha tien tri Amdi, con gai thu hai sinh nam
2004 ten la Mi Ri Am (Miriam, ehi gai cua Moise, ngudi thdng minh tai gidi, khdng chi ciiu sdng em trai minh ma cdn giai thoat Ixraen)'"
Vi du 25: Giaf-<finh dng Bun, ba Hmunh, sinh nam ngudi con, ian lupt la Bui, Bup, Hme,
Trang 92013 Theo gia dinh va nhiing ngirdi xung
quanh Yd En la ten ciia mpt nha den tri""
Vi du 26: Gia dinh anh Muoi, chi Ne, sinh
hai ngudi con, con gai d i u dat ten la Ka
Thuong (Ca-thuong, ten mdt eudn sach xua,
gdm nam bai tho dupe phd' nhgc)'*", con thii
hai la A Kuu - dat ten theo dng ngoai la K i
VI du 27: Gia dinh anh Uuch, chi Menh cd
ba ngudi con, con gai diu ten la Moi, con trai
thir hai ten Uyn, con trai Ihir ba dugc dgi ten la
Ru Ben (Ru-ben theo Kinh Thanh la con trai
ca cua Gia-cdp)"""
Cd the khang dinh, viee dat ten theo Kinh
Thanh, tii sy anh hudng bdi Tin lanh cua ngudi
dan lang Piong da dien ra trong hang chuc nam
qua Nd khdng d gt, chua dugc bao ehi de cap,
ngoai lang khdng nhieu ngudi biet Cd le cung
VI the ma van de chua duge eo quan nha nude
cd trach nhiem nao bay id thai dd"'\ Dieu ed
thi cam nhan dugc true tiep trong viec nay la
thai dp Iran trpng ciia nhirng ngudi lien quan
tryc tiep (dat ten, tham gia dat ten) va ca nhung
ngudi khdng lien quan tryc tiep (ngudi trong
epng ddng, ddng dgo) deu rat chan thanh Cd
the, hp ehua hilu ve Kinh Thanh lim, chua
nim dugc lai Hch ciia cac nhan vat ma hp lay
lam dilm tya tinh than cho mdi dua tre dugc
dat ten ay nhieu, song hg tin tudng mgt each
chac chan rang do la nhiing mau hinh tdt, la
mo udc can hudng den trong tuong lai Hp cd
phan ty hao vi dieu dd
O mpl khia canh khac, nhiing bieu hien
trong viec dat ten con theo Kinh Thanh d lang
Piong cdn cd the ke ra them hoac chinh xac
hon la cd the tim thiy nd dudi nhimg hinh thiic
khac Ching han dd la each gpi (va duge van
ban hda trong mdt sd trudng trudng hpp) theo
I6i vin til di vi du ten cua mpt ngudi Ba Na
ban diu dupe dgt la Jonathan (Y6 Na Than),
sau ehi cdn lai la Than (nhu trudng hgp
Robinho da neu d phin trudc); hoae ed trudng
hgp dgt cheeh di chut it so vdi "ten thanh" nhu
gia dinh anh Bdn, chi Ye cd con gai ten Sa Rai
3 Ket luan
Le Trung Hoa trong cudn sach Hg vd tin
ngudi Viet Nam, da viet ngudi Ba Na co hp
"Ba" Chiing tdi cho ring chi tiet nay xa vdi Ihye te"^* Ndi mdt each tuong ddi thi tai Gia Lai, cd hai nhdm chinh, dd la nhiing ngudi Ba
Na khdng mang hp va nhirng ngudi Ba Na mang hp "Dinh" - cac "hp" dugc cho la mdi du
nhap Ngudi Ba Na cu trii tai lang Piong, xa A
Dak, huyen Dak Doa, lai khdng cd hp Nhung viec "thay ten doi hp" cua ngudi dan noi day dudi nhieu hinh thuc, vi nhieu li do khac nhau thi da va dang xay ra
Ben canh phan ldn nhirng ngudi dan y thiic dupe viec dat ten theo kieu ciia "dng ba xua" thi eung cd mdt bd phan khdng nhd, nhung ngudi Ba Na - thudng la cac cap vo ehdng tre
- da dai ten con theo ten-cua cac dien vien dien anh hay cac cau thu bdng da nude ngoai ndi tieng, dat ten theo ldi Kinh hda va dat ten theo mpt so nhan vat trong Kinh Thanh Ngudi dan
sd tai khdng ung hd viec "thay ten ddi hp" theo
xu hudng mdi, song hp ciing coi day la mgt viee binh thudng, tdn trpng sy lua chpn cua mdi ca nhan, gia dinh Chinh quyen dja phuang (tu cip tinh den cap xa) chua cd ed nhiing ddng thai can Ihiep dang ke Ngudi viet bai nay cung nhan thiy, vin d l khdng qua nghiem trpng, nhu ddi khi ed nhiing eanh bao it nhieu mang tinh cudng dieu tii bao ehi
Bdi theo ehiing tdi, viec thay ten ddi hg d Gia Lai da cd tu kha lau Day khdng phai la van de mdi va rieng cd, ehi xay ra d Tay Nguyen hay d lang Piong, cang khdng chi xay
ra vdi nhimg epng dong ngudi dan tgc thieu
so, d nhiing viing mien nui, xa xoi Trong mdt goc nhin cd phin hai hude, ngay 26/6/2014 viia qua, mdt td bao da thong ke nhiing bieu hien eua viec nay, tai nhieu noi tren dat nude
ta, bao gdm ca ngirdi ed hd khiu dang ki thudng tru tai thii dd Ha Npi,, Thdng qua cac giay id nhu chiing minh nhan dan, hd chieu, bang lai xe, the bao hiem y te, ngudi la thay
Trang 10CO eae ten hp "Ig" (ca cua ngudi Kinh lln ngudi
dan toe thieu so), kieu nhir Nguyen Thj Ld
(Ninh Binh), Phgm Thi Lau Ra (Quang Binh),
Ludng Thi Budm (Bic Can), Ca Van Dai (Son
La), Dd Phi Den Cacstrd (Ddng Thap), Ddng
Hd Thuy ST (Tp HCM), Ld Vi Sdng (Thanh
Hda), Hd Hgn Tinh Ddi (Tp, HCM), Rd Nan
Dd (Ha Ndi), Trinh Thi Ndel (Ha Ngi)""
Ro rang, khi phap lugt cho phep cdng dan
la eha me ed quyln dat ten eho eon khdng han
chi thi cae kieu ten ngirdi, theo mgt each hieu
nao dd, xuat hien dudi dgng "tram hoa dua
nd" cQng la chuyen binh thudng Ngudi lang
Piong diroi tac ddng manh me cua cupe sdng
hien dgi, sy lan tda nhanh va sau cua dgo Tin
lanh da khong the cudng lai viee "thay ten ddi
hg" nhu da trinh bay la duong nhien
Quan diem cho rang dieu k l tren la dang
"bao dpng", la khien phai nhat ban sac van
hda, can phai can thiep, khdng phai la khdng
c6 CO sd Song thyc chit, do chi la cai nhin
ciia nhiing ngudi ngoai eupc Bdi khi ma mdi
trudng van hda truyen thdng vdn khong cdn
niia, cpng ddng lang chiu tae dpng nhanh va
manh den miie khdng the de khang noi thi viee
nho nhu "thay ten ddi hp" hay viee Idn lao
hon la "cai dao", ddi khi chi cdn la van de thdi
gian Ben eanh dd, d mpl muc dp nhat dinh,
van ed the nhan ra nguyen tac truyen thdng,
sir dung phu am hay nguyen am diu, trong
viee dat ten hien nay
Nhan viee nay, cd thd neu eau hdi: Chiing
ta da va dang chieu nhirng gi tren truyln hinh
de ba con xem? Cd bao nhieu chuang trinh,
bao nhieu phim phii hgp vdi tam sinh li, van
hda cua ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd dugc "phuc
vu"? Chiing la dang day van hoa ban dia d cac
trudng phd thdng nhu the nao? Cd bao nhieu
phan tram trong sd nhimg ngudi day va lam
can bp d viing dan tdc thilu sd duge dao tgo
de biet van dung tieng ndi, ngon ngu, phong
tuc ciia ddng bao? Chiing la cd day du cac
ban be, doan the, ehinh quyen, trong mdt he
la cd phuong tien, tiln bgc, quyen lyc mgnh me, nhung tgi sao viec "quyen rii" nhimg ngudi dan tdc thilu sd Tay Nguyen, trong do
cd ngudi Ba Na lang Piong, lai cd nhung mat khdng thi bing duge dgo Tin lanh?
Nhung eau hdi dgi loai nhu Ihl ed the liet
ke ra nhieu hon nira, song dieu dd ed ich gi?
Thanh ra, tat ca nhirng ghi nhan, trinh bay d tren, khdng gi khae hon la phan anh mdt hien thyc khdng thi ehdi cai: lang Piong ndi rieng, nhieu lang dan tpc thieu sd d Gia Lai, Tay Nguyen, ndi chung da va dang bien ddi tiing ngay Trong sy bien ddi ay, da va dang xuit hien nhiing hien tugng mdi, ia, ein tilp tuc dupe tim hieu de ed cai nhin khach quan va phii hpp hon •
Chii thich (1) Theo Sd Van hoa The' thao va Du lich Gia Lai, den 6/2014 toan tinh co hon 2.000 doTi vj thon lang, trong 17 dan vi hanh chinh d p huyen; co 1 (loan nghe thuat chuyen nghiep, moi nam duoc nha nuac cung trong thdi gian mot nam do, cac doi chieu phim luu dgng ciia tinh thuc hifin tii 250 din 300 budi chieu
d c a s d ) , (2) Trong muc "Sinh tii gia thu", sau khi mieu ta vi?c mang thai, sinh nd, cac tac gia sach vilt: "Diia be de nit ra doi, cac than bu den gianh nhau ma dat ten Neu riii bi cac than nuoc, than cay ching han, din dat ten cho no thi sau no se bi chet duoi, chet cay dc, v,v,
Phep dat ten ciia nguai Ba Na nhu the niy: Lira mot tieng ma giong dpc gan vdi ten cha hoac ten me ma dat ten cho con Sau riii co mot dua chit thi bo giong
ay ma dat theo ten ciia ngudi ba con ma con cai dong
diic va manh khoe ca Vi du nhu cha dat ten la Hlol thi dat ten cac con la Hhdh, Hlao Hlung Hlung song
duoc it iau roi chet Khi cha me no sinh mpt diia sau niia, ben bo giong tren ma dat tSn la Tuh theo giong t&d
cua nguoi ba con ten la Tuch" Ngudi Ba-na dKon Twt^
Nguyin Kinh Chi & Nguyin DOng Chi (Nxb Tri thiic,
ddi ten nhu tren, bo sung nhieu hinh anh tu lieu va co them ban djch Phap ngu Sach tren cung cho biet "ll
thdi tai" dupe tiln hanh sau khi dua be da co ten, tuong
ty nhu hinh thuc "diy cir" ciia ngum Viet