DAG flIEIVI CAU TRUG GI0i TINH, DO TUOI, IVGHE NGHIEP VA THAI Od TAP LUYEN THE DUG THE THAO HIEN NAY GUA NGKifl DAN Ol GAG XA DA VA DAlilG X A Y D K N G N O N G THON IVlOl Bill Ngoc*;D
Trang 1DAG flIEIVI CAU TRUG GI0i TINH, DO TUOI, IVGHE NGHIEP
VA THAI Od TAP LUYEN THE DUG THE THAO HIEN NAY
GUA NGKifl DAN Ol GAG XA DA VA DAlilG X A Y D K N G N O N G THON IVlOl
Bill Ngoc*;Dang Hoai An**
Le Thj Thanh Thuy***
Nguyen Van Hipng***
Tom tat: ' ^ ^
Bang phuong phap nghien ciiu khoa hpc thudng quy, chiing tdi ti4n hanh xac djnh d^c diem dO
tuoi, gidi tinh, nghd nghipp va thai dp t|ip luyen TDTT lii§n nay cua ngu'ai dan d cac dja phuong
da vk dang xay dyng ndng thon mdi
TO khda: TDTT, TDTT quan chung, TDTT quan chiing khu vyc ndng thdn, ndng thdn mdi
Characteristics of gender, age, occupation structures and current attitude towards
physical training and sports of people in communes that have been building new rural areas
Summary:
By the method of regular scientific research, we identified the current characteristics of age,
gender, occupation and physical training and attitude towards physical training of people in areas
that have been building new rural areas
Keywords: Physical training and sports, mass physical training and sports, mass physical
training and sports in rural areas and new rural areas
BAT VAN SE
Qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, do thi hda ndng
thdn song hanh vdi sy phat trien ciia thi trudng
thuong mai, mang ludi giao thdng, thdng tin dien
tir da 1dm ndy sinh nhiing yeu td dnh hudng
den siic khde the chat va tinh than cua ngudi dan
Ren luyen TDTT da dupe ddng dao ngudi dan
chpn lua nhu mdt bien phdp tich cue vd hieu qud
nham tang cudng siic khde Tap luyen TDTT
dang trd thanh nhu cau khdng the thieu ciia mpt
bd phan nhan ddn hien nay d ndng thdn
Danh gid dac diem cdu tnic gidi tinh, dp tudi,
nghe nghiep va thai dp tap luyen TDTT hien nay
eua ngudi dan d eae dia phucmg da va dang xdy
dyng ndng thon mdi se la eo sd thyc tiln dl dua
ra nhiing giai phap phat trien TDTT qudn chiing
cung nhu de xudt cdc md hinh phdt trien TDTT
cd hieu qua d khu vuc ndng thdn hien nay
PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN ClifU
Trong qua trinh nghien cmi, chung toi da sii'
dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu: Phuang
•POSTS, Tru'&ng Dai hoc TDTT Bic Ninh
**TS, Truong Bai hoc TDTT Bic Ninh
phap phan tich va tong hop tai lieu; Phuong phap phong van toa dam va phucmg phap toan hoc thong Ice
KET qOA NGHIEN ClfU VABANLUAN
1 Dac diem cau true gio"! tinh cua ngu'O'i
dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT d> cac xa da va
dang xay dyng nong thon mo'i
Chiing tdi da tien hanh phdng van 1220 ngudi dan d cac dia phuong da vd dang xay dung ndng thdn mdi d 9 tinh, thanh (Bac Ninh, Bac Giang, Binh Phudc, Ninh Binh, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Thanh Hda, Lam Ddng, Cdn Tho)
Trong dd, cd hai nhdm "nhdm tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen (n=768) va nhdm khdng thudng xuyen tham gia tap luyen (n=452)" Kit qua dupe trinh bay d bang 1
Quan bang 1 cho thay, cau tnic gidi tinh ciia ngudi dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen khae nhau dang ke, d nam la 63,93%, d phu nir Id 36,07% va miic dp chenh lech Id 27,86% Kit qud nay cho thdy nam gidi tham
Trang 2Bang 1 Cau true giai linh cua doi tu'O'ng du'O'c phong vSn (n=1220)
Gidi tinh
Nam
Nu
TSng
S& nguM tham gia t | p luy^n
TDTT thuong xuy6n
Sh ngiroi
491
277
768
T i l e %
63.93 36.07
100
S6 ngudi khong thirtmg xuyen tham gia tap luyen
So ngiroi
202
250
452
Ti IS % 44.69 55.31
100
T8ng
693
527
1220
%
56.8 43.19
100
gia cac hoat ddng TDTT nhieu hon nii Qua
nghien ciiu thay rang nhan thiic ve vi tri, vai trd
va tae dung ciia cdc hoat ddng the thao ciia nam
gidi diing va du hon nu gidi Sy mat can bang
giua nam va nii trong dan sd tap luyen TDTT
khdng chi Id van de tham gia tap luyen TDTT,
ma cdn Id van de xa hdi Trong xa hdi hien nay,
ngudi phy nii van ed rat nhi8u cdng viec khdng
chi cham lo eho gia dinh ve vat chdt md cdn Id
ngudi thap len ngpn lua tinh yeu, niem tin, uoc
mo hi vpng eho mdi thanh vien trong gia dinh
"Dan dng xay nha, ddn bd xdy td dm" cho dii
theo thdi gian, chuan myc ve ngudi phu nii cd
thay ddi nhung vai trd "thap liia" vd "giii liia"
cho gia dinh cua ngudi phy nii thi khdng bao gid
thay ddi Hien nay, nhiing thdnh tuu khoa hpc
ky thuat hien dai da phan nao hd tro ngudi phy
nii trong cdng viec noi tro, gidm bdt siic lao
dpng cua ngudi phy nii trong gia dinh d ndng
thdn Song, phu nii van Id ngudi 1dm chinh cdng
viec nha, tii viec bep nuc tdi viec day dd con cdi,
cham lo ddi sdng tinh than cho cac thanh vien
trong gia dinh Cdng vdi thdi gian lam viec
ngoai xa hdi, quy thdi gian danh cho viec hudng
thy cdc gid tri van hda tinh than, ciia phy nii la
rat it, tham chi d mdt sd ddi tuong phu nii nhu
cdng nhan, budn ban, quy thdi gian ndy gdn nhu
khdng ed Chinh vi vdy, cac nhd qudn ly TDTT
ndn cd nhiing giai phdp tap trung vao cdc boat
dpng the thao cua phy nii vd cd gang can bang
ty le nam vd nii trong ddn sd tap luy?n TDTT
Nhiing gidi phap thyc su eho van d l nay phdi
d i n dupe hien thyc hda vdi sy phdt trien ciia xa
hdi vd nen kinh te
2 Dac diem cau true do tuoi cOa ngu'd'i
dan nong thon tham gia tap luyen TDTT
thu'O'ng xuyen d* cac xa da va dang xay
dyng nong thdn mo'i
Kit qua phdng van dupe trinh bay tai bilu dd 1
Bieu do 1 Cau true do tuoi cua ngiFai dan nong thon tham gia tap luyen TDTT
Tu bieu do 1 cho thay: Ty le % dp tudi tu
16-20 tudi tham gia tap luyen la thap nhat (do dp tudi nay nhieu ngudi dang tham gia hpc tap tai cac trudng cao dang dai hpc hoac hp thudng tap trung d khu vuc thanh phd de lam them ) Ket qua tren eiing cho thay ti le % ngudi dan tap luyen TDTT ed xu hudng tang dan den dp 46
-50 va cd xu hudng giam dan sau dp tudi -50 tudi Song dp tudi trung nien va ngudi gia tham gia tap luyen van cd ty le cao hon eae dp tudi thanh nien (dudi 35 tudi) Ty le % d dp tudi 61-65 tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen ciing khd cao, dat 10.28 va gidm xudng d dp tudi tren 65 (dat 8.07%) Trong bieu dd 1 edn bieu thi ty le cau tnic dp tudi cua ngudi dan ndng thdn tham gia tap TDTT d cdc xa da vd dang xay dyng ndng thdn mdi gidng dang "hinh non" va khi so sanh vdi Thap dan sd ciia cupc Tdng dieu tra dan sd qudc gia thang 4 nam 2019 (nhd d hai ddu, vdi Idn d giiia) thi kha tuong ddng
Nhu vay qua phdn tich tren, dan sd tap luyen TDTT d ndng thdn tap trung nhieu d ngudi trung vd cao tudi Dudi cac gdc dp y sinh hpe cho thdy cac dp mdi tu 36 trd di (chilm khodng 80%), cdc hooc mdn sinh trudng vd cdc chiie nang ciia co quan trong ca the boat dpng kem hon d cae liia tudi tre Ngudi trung va eao tudi thudng xudt hien nhieu benh tat, do do viec sii
Trang 3••Cy«.il :#I"I3:
dupe chia thanh 6
'^ nhdm (Cdng nhan;
ndng dan; can bp huu tri; can bp, cdng chiic, vien chiic; ngudi kinh
I doanh, budn ban, dich
1 va nhdm nghe
I nghiep khdc) Tren co
sd ket qua phdng van, chiing tdi tien hanh
• phan loai cau tnic
—— ^ H ^ » J ^ nghe nghi?p ciia ngudi
! • J m ^^^ '^°'^S thdn tham
" ^ >_ gia tap luyen TDTT
Ket qua phan tich eho
,a^*^^g^._ 1 thay ty le % cau tnic
- ' - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " -" •- nghe nghiep cua ngudi
d nhilu vung nong thdn, ren luyen TDTT da dup-c dong dao ^^n tham gia tdp luyen nguo'i dan chpn lua nhir mpt bi#n phap tich eye va hieu qua TDTT dupe xep theo
de tang cuang sue khde thii ty tu nhieu den it
^mtmiM '*
dung TDTT de tang cudng siic khde chdng lai
benh tdt la nhu cau vd bien phap rat can thiet cua
hp Ngoai ra, xet dudi gdc dp xa hpi, ngudi
trung eao tudi da cd dieu kien kinh te tdt de giam
bdt cac hoat dpng lao ddng tao thu nhap va hp
da cd con cai Idn de cd the giiip do cdng viec
nhd, do vay hp cd nhieu thdi gian rdnh rdi han
cac Ilia tudi tre TDTT d ndng thdn can dae biet
quan tdm vd dua ra nhiing giai phap tac ddng
din doi tupng ndy Sd it ngudi tre tudi tham gia
hoat ddng TDTT d eae xa (tii 16 den 35 tudi,
chiem khoang 20%) la nhihig ngudi tham gia d
cac CO quan, ban ngdnh doan the d cdc cdp xa
Hp vira la ddi tupng tham gia vd eiing la ddi
tupng td chiic eae boat ddng TDTT tai cac dia
phuong Vi vdy cdc doan the ban ngdnh d dia
phuong ciing cdn cd nhung dinh hudng, giai
phap de tdc dpng den ddi tupng nay
3 Cau true nghe nghiep cua ngu'd'i dan
nong thon tham gia tap luyen TDTT thirdng
xuyen d> cac dja phuang da va dang xay
dyng nong thon mo'i
Cau tnic nghe nghiep cua ngudi ddn tham gia
tap luyen TDTT d ndng thdn de cap den sy phdn
bd vd ty le dan sd hoat dpng kinh te trong eae
ngdnh nghe khac nhau Cau tnic phan cap xa hpi
ndng thdn vdi nghe nghiep la tieu chi chinh
Id: 1) Kinh doanh, budn ban, dich vy (28.91%); 2) Can bp cdng chiic, vien chiic (25.52%); 3) Can bd huu tri (17.19%) 4) Ndng dan (14.58%); 5) Cdng nhan (8.85%) 6) nhdm ngdnh nghi khae (4.95%) Trong dd, 3 nhdm "can bd cdng chiic vien chiic", nhdm "huu tri" vd nhdm "kinh doanh, budn bdn dich vu" ndi chung ed mpt nen tang kinh te dn dinh va dac trung thu nhap cao hem eae nhdm khae, va trinh dp van hda, nhu cau tap luyen TDTT cung tuong ddi cao Xep sau la nhdm "ndng dan" vd "cdng nhan" Day Id hai nhdm tham gia tap luyen TDTT tuong ddi thap Nguyen nhan do cudng dp lao ddng cao, thdi gian lao dpng dai, thu nhap khong on dinh va trinh dp van hda, nhdn thiic cd gidi ban nhat dinh Theo chiing tdi thi cac xa cdn cd cdc gidi phdp, chinh sach tuyen truyen va khuyen khich den cac nhdm nghe ndng ddn vd cdng nhan tham gia cdc hoat ddng TDTT
4 Thai do doi vd'i viec tap luyen TDTT hi^n nay cua ngu'd'i dan d' cac dia phu'o'ng
da va dang xay d y n g nong thon mo'i
4.1 Nhgn thuc tdm quan trgng ciia tgp
luy^n TDTT vdi ngudi ddn ndng thon
Nhan thiic eiia cua ngudi dan ndng thdn cd thi dupe phdn anh qua n h p thiic tdm quan
Trang 4cupc sdng (smh hoat), cung nhu su nhiet tinh
tham gia cdc cupc thi ddu thi thao tai dia
phuong Kit qua dilu tea eho thdy, thii tu danh
gid vl y nghTa ciia viec tap luyen TDTT ddi vdi
siic khde la: Rdt quan trpng (49,26%), quan
trpng (43,61%), binh thudng (6.23%), khdng
qua quan trpng (0.66%) vd khdng quan trpng
(0,25%) Hau hit ngudi dan d ndng thdn nghi
rang tap luyen TDTT rdt quan trpng ddi vdi siic
khde Chf cd mdt sd ngudi ddn nghi rang nd
khdng quan trpng Dieu ndy cho thay hau het
ngudi dan d ndng thdn nhdn ra vai trd quan
trpng eua tap luyen TDTT trong viec cai thien
siic khde the chdt vd tinh than cho con ngudi,
phu hpp vdi nhan thiic chimg ciia ngudi dan tr^n
the gidi
Thii ty ve y nghia eua tap luyen TDTT ddi
vdi cupc sdng lan lupt Id: Rat quan trpng
(37.05%); Quan trpng (36.56%); Binh thudng
(12,54%), khdng qud quan trpng (10.16%),
khdng quan trpng (3,69%) Ket qud cho thay
nhan thiic cua ngudi dan ve vai trd cua tap luyen
TDTT Id dieu rdt quan trpng vdi cupc sdng Tren
CO sd hieu biet nhu vdy, neu ngudi dan cd thdi
gian nhdn rdi vd cd tang thu nhap kinh te ddm
bao, se Id dieu kien de thiic day nhu cdu tap
luyen TDTT, sd luong ngudi dan tham gia cdc
hoat ddng TDTT se tang len va the thao ndng
thdn se phat trien nhanh chdng
4.2 Muc dich ciia ngudi dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen & cdc dia phuang
dd vd dang xdy dung nong thon m&i
Ket qud khao sdt dupie trinh bay tai bang 2 Qua bdng 2 cho thdy; "Ren luyen siie khoe, the luc" cd ty le lya chpn tuyet ddi (100%), "Vi ham thich tap luyen TDTT" va "giai tri" xep thii hai va thii ba tuong ling, "Hanh phiie gia dinh" dupe xep thii tu Myc dich tap luyen TDTT ciia ngudi dan d ndng thon cd xu hudng da dang, phan anh day dii nhiing mong mudn tdt dep cua ngudi dan ve siic khde the chat, tinh than vd niem dam me the thao
Ket qud dieu tra cho thay myc dich tham gia tap luyen TDTT eiia ngudi dan phu hpp vdi nhu cdu chung ciia cdng ddng ddn eu tren the gidi Ngudi ddn d ndng thdn mong mudn cd mpt co the manh me de bdo ve siic khde, nang cao nang sudt lao dpng ndng nghiep vd giam thieu ehi phi
y te gia dinh Tham gia tap luyen TDTT da trd thdnh mdt trong nhung bien phdp tdt nhat va quan trpng nhdt de dat dupe dieu dd Neu td chiic cac cupc thi the thao phu hpp se huy dpng ngudi dan d ndng thdn tham gia tap luyen TDTT nhiet tinh, thiic ddy sy phdt trien eua the thao ndng thdn vd cai thien chat lupng sdng
4.3 Nguyen nhdn hgn che su tham gia tap luyen TDTT cua ngudi ddn nong thon m&i
Ben canh 768 ngudi dan ndng thdn trd Idi
Bang 2 Muc dich cua viec tham gia tap luyen TDTT cua ngu'd'i dan nong thon (n=768)
(cau hoi chon nhieu dap an)
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Myc dich
Vi ham thich luyen tap TDTT
Vi day la thoi quen cua ban than
Ren luyen sire khoe, the lu'c
Vi 6m dau, benh tat nen phai tap luyen
Nghe theo lai khuyen ciia ban be,
nguai than, quen
Hanh phiic gia dinh
Giai tri
Dieu chinh cam xuc
Lam dep giam can
Cai thien moi quan he giira cac ca
nhan (nhan biet ban be)
Nam
mi
324
198
491
95
18
123
256
165
76
187
%
42.19 25.78 63.93 12.37 2.34 16.02 33.33 21.48 9.9 24.35
Nft
m i
121
25
277
50
16
245
133
76
180
64
%
15.76 3.26 36.07 6.51 2.08 31.9 17.32 9.9 23.44 8.33
T6ng
445
223
768
145
34
368
389
241
256
251
Ti le % 57.94 29,04
100 18.88 4.43 47.92 50.65 31.38 33.33 32.68
Xep thirtu"
2
8
1
9
10
4
3
7
5
6
Trang 5tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen, van
cdn 452 ngudi tra Idi khdng tham gia tap luyen
TDTT thudng xuyen Ket qua tim hieu ve ly do
ndi tren cho thay: Cd nhieu ly do dnh hudng den
su tham gia tap luyen TDTT cua ngudi dan d
nong thdn Trong dd cd nhiing yeu td xd hdi vd
y thiic chii quan ca nhan Qua dieu tra nhiing
ngudi khdng tap luyen TDTT, thay rang: Ly do
"khdng cd hudng dan vien the thao" (78,76%),
"khdng hieu phuong phap tap luyen TDTT"
diing d vi tri thii hai (75.66%) Ngoai ra "Thieu
thdi gian ranh rdi", "so ngudi khac cudi",
"Khdng cd sd thich the thao", "Khdi lupng cdng
viec nhieu" xep d cac vi tri 3, 4, 5, 6 la ly do
chinh khien ngudi dan d ndng thdn khdng hao
hiing tap luyen TDTT Ngoai ra ket qua cac
cupc phdng van true tiep cho thay, nhieu ngudi
dan d ndng thdn danh phan Idn thdi gian de xem
tivi, ngii hoac choi bai va tham chi ca nhiing
ngudi tham gia vao cdc boat dpng me tin dnh
hudng tdi siic khde vd the chat
Chiing tdi cho rang cdn thdng qua tuyen
truyen de ngudi dan ed the nhdn ra tam quan
trpng cua viee tap luyen TDTT Y thiic se thay
ddi Idi sdng va trd thdnh ddng lye thiic day hp
chu ddng tap luyen TDTT Vi vay, viec nang cao
nhan thiic "vai trd va tam quan trpng cua boat
dpng TDTT" se cd y nghTa Idn trong cdng tde
TDTT qudn chiing d khu vyc ndng thdn Thdng
tin ciia ngudi ddn d ndng thdn ban che so vdi
ngudi dan thdnh thi, nhdt la nhung thdng tin ve
cdch thiic, ndi dung vd phuong phap tap luyen
Mdt so ngudi dan khdng hieu cdc phuong phap
va kien thiic tap luyen TDTT, do ngai thyc hien
cae bai tap TDTT Neu ed gidi phdp td chiic hoat
ddng the thao, cd hudng dan vien se gop phan
thiic day ngudi dan d ndng thdn tich cue tham
gia tap luyen TDTT
KET LUAN
Ket qud nghien ciiu da xac dinh dupe dac
diem sy mdt can ddi ve eau tnic gidi tinh, ddng
thdi xac dinh dupe dae diem cdu tnic dp tudi,
cung nhu cau tnic nghe nghiep ciia ngudi dan
tham gia tap luyen TDTT a cac dia phuong da
va dang xay dung ndng thdn mdi Ngodi ra, kit
qud nghien ciiu edn xdc dinh dupe nhan thiie
diing dan ve tap luyen TDTT cua ngudi dan
sudt lao ddng va gidm thieu chi phi y te gia dinh B§n canh do cdn tim ra nhijng nguyen nhdn ma ngudi dan khdng tham gia tap luyen TDTT, chii yeu tap trung vao cac nguyen nhan: Khdng cd hudng dan vien the thao; Khdng hilu phuang phap tap luyen TDTT va Thieu thdi gian ranh rdi Ket qud nghien ciiu tren se Id co sd thyc tien de lya chpn giai phdp nang cao hieu qud boat ddng TDTT qudn chiing d cdc dia phuang
dd vd dang xay dyng ndng thdn mdi
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bd Chinh tri (2011), Nghi quyet so
08-NQ/TW, ngdy 01/12/2011 cua Bp Chinh tri "ve tdng cuong su lanh dao cua Ddng, tgo buoc phdt trien mgnh me ve the dgc, the thao den nam 2020"
2 Bd Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich (2011), Thong tu sd 06-TT-BVHTTDL ngdy 08/3/2011 cua Bp VHTTDL "Quy dinh mdu ve to chirc, hogt dpng vd tieu chi cua Nhd Vdn hoa -Khu The thao thon "
3 Pham Thanh Cam (2015), "Nghien ciiu phat trien TDTT qudn chiing d ndng thdn ddng
bang sdng hong", Lugn dn tien si Gido due hpc,
Vien Khoa hpe TDTT
4 Thii tudng Chinh phu (2013), Quyit dinh
sS 2164/QD-TTg ngdy 11/11/2013 phe duyet
"Quy hogch tong the phdt trien he thong thiet che vdn hoa, the thao co so giai dogn
2013-2020 dinh huang den nam 2030
"-5 Tony Collins (2015), An Encyclopaedia of Rural Sports, Paperback: 320 pages,Publisher: Routledge; Reprint edition (October 27,2013) , Language: English, ISBN-10: 0415647479
6.rm^ (2015), mit'-^^^m^w^
(Bai nop ngay 27/8/2019, Phan bien ngdy 4/9/2019, d u y f t in ngay 26/9/2019 Chju trach nhi&m chinh: Bui Ngpc; Email: ngoccovua@gmail.com)