Bdi vi, dae Phat d mgt ddc diem la de thich nghi vdi cdc mdi trudng khdc nhau ma nd xdm nhap vao va lai cung d khd nang ty dilu chinh cho thich hpp vdi d n g dong ngUdi Khd-me cdn tin va
Trang 1I VAI NET VE TIN NGtfONG DAN GIAN CHU YEU HIEN NAY CUA CQNG BONG NGUDl KHd-ME VUNG TAY NAM BO
PHAM NGOC HOA *
ay Nam Bp
(ddng bang
sdng Cdu
Long) bao g i m 13
tinh, thanh pho Tdy
Nam Bd cd dipn tioii
ty nhiSn gan 4 triSu
ha, vdi hdn 18 triSu
ddn sinh sdng,
ehilm 19,8% dan sd
d nude Tay Nam
Bp la dja ban ed
nhieu dan tpc sinh
scng, trpng dd,
ngudi Kinh cd dan
sO ddng nhat, chiem
hdn 90% dan se,
ngUdl Hoa cd
khoang 192.000
ngudi (chllm 1,1%),
ngudi Cham cd
khoang 15.000
Quang canh ngiy Tit cS tmyen Choi ChnSm Thmay tai chua Xem Can (xa Vlnh Trach Bdng, TP Bac Lieu) Anh: TL
ngudi (chiem 0,08%), ngudi Khd-me cd Me-Kdng da td lau adi Hdn 90% trong sd hp khoang 1,2 tneu ngudi, tap trung ddng nhat la nOng dan trong Ida nude Cd the ndi cdng
0 oac tinh See Trang (khoang 400.000), Trd dong ngudi Kho-me d ddng bang Sdng Cdu
„!,", il;!??^!;^ 320.000), Kien Giang (khoang Long (Viet Nam) la mflt trong cac dan tdc da 204.000), An Giang (khoang 85.000), Bac ed cdng khan hoang nhdng vdng rdng rdm,
^ Q n n r ° r " ^ f ° ° ? ? i ' ? ' M ^ ° J ! ^ ^ ° ™ 9 ''^° ^^"^ * ° ^ ' "^'3= v^"?' qua nhdng thi)
39.000), Ca Mau (khoang 24.000), VTnh ths^h n,s,-„„hia .»*, I,MTI,;»_ _u,._ L _ Long (J(hcang 21.000)'" Ngoai ra con cd
mpt sp dan tOc khac vdi dan sd khoang
4.600 ngudi (chlem 0,02% so vdi dan sd
toan vung)
Ngufll Kho-me lam an d chau thd song
* Hoc vien Chinh tri khu viic IV
thach khac nghlSt, day idi thiSn nhiSn hoang vang, ddi phd vdi thd do, benh dich d vdng Khd-me^d chau tho song Cdu Long, chdng
ta biet rang, "dan tpc nay td xa xua da chiu
Dp, thdng_flua dao Ba-la-mdn, roi dao Phat Van hoa An DO tham nhap vao day khdng phai thOng qua con duflng xam luge ma qua
Sis -20/7
Trang 2nhdn, dan dan dupe Kho-me hda, nhuan nhj
b i n (Sa me"'" Do viy, mdi ngufll
Khd-me td khi mdi sinh ra ddi, hg da mac djnh
Phat giao la tdn giao trong cudc sdng cda
chinh minh Bdi vi, dae Phat d mgt ddc
diem la de thich nghi vdi cdc mdi trudng
khdc nhau ma nd xdm nhap vao va lai cung
d khd nang ty dilu chinh cho thich hpp vdi
d n g dong ngUdi Khd-me cdn tin vao cae
nghi le tfn ngudng dan gian Dd Id cae hinh
thai cdng, kilng dudi aang le nhu nghi le
cdng thin ndng, cung Niet Td, cdng Arak,
cdng Rea Hu, l l cdng T l nghi
- Cac nghi le nong nghiep
Cgng ddng ngddi Khd-me sdng chd ylu
dya vdo nghi ndng nhu lann Ida nudc, ciian
cha d u cho thuan Igi trong nhdng thang
ngay mua nflng nghlSp 6 vung TSy Nam BO,
ehi ed hai mda mua, nang, mda mua dupe
Ijch Mua ning dupe tfnh td gida thang Mudl
den gida thang Td Am lich nam sau Bat dau
cho mda mua cung la khdi dau ngay mda Vdi
viec ldm Ida, thi nudc Id van d l he trpng doi
vdi ndng ddn, nen mda mdng ed tdt hay
khdng la nhd nudc Do tmdc kia, ngudi
KbP-me khdng d nhilu dieu klpn di lam thdy Ipi,
vl vay, hp ehi biet cau kiian vao frdi dat,
mong sao cho mua thuan, gid hda
Thudng trudc khi mda mua den, eOng
ding ngydi Khd-me thudng t l chdc le cau
an (Bon Kamsan) cho phum, sdc Le ndy
thudng dien ra vao thang Tu Am lich, nhUng
trong ndm cd t h i den sdm hoac muon hdn
mot vai thang Trong IS cau mua, thudng
cdng ddng ngUdi Khd-me cdng hai vi than:
than Rupng (Neakta SrS) vd than Muc sue
(Arak veal) d l xln nudc mUa trdi ban lam Ida
nudc va xln xua dudi ehupt bp, sau ray gdy
phudng hai mua mang'" Le cdng ed dau
Ipn, gd, vjt, rugu Thudng hp tu tap lam I I
cung tiiec sy hudng dan cda mdt Achar
(thay cung), rdi di vdng quanh ndi cung ba
de d m nhang N l u chda mua thi hg t l chdc
thSm mdt le xin nddc mda nda L l Ian nay
ddpc to chdc quy md hon, do cdc sU sdi, thddng khdang vai sU, ddng ngodi nang hanh le, cd ddo ao sau heac mdt chau thau khd t h i ed, cua, Ich d l ndi len sy khd ban cdng cyc cho ngudi va muOn loai, mong trdi ddng Idng xem xet ipi md ban nudc mua cho sinh vat D i n ngay 15 thang 10 Am Ijchj
cdng adng ngydi Khd-me lai to ohdc le
Cung trang, gpi Id le "Ooc Ombdc" Vat
nep thu hoach sdm Ngoai ra, nhdng ndng sdn khac cung dupe cpng aing ngufli
Khd-me mang ddng cdng nhu budi, cam, chudi, dda, khoai Day la l l tp on trdi dat -nudc, gidp con ngddi cd dupo mua mdng sinh sdng Le ed thSm phdn long trgng nhd
cd hpi dua ghe ngo hoac nghi thdc tha den, gIm den trdi va den nude Khi mda khd den, mpi cdng viSc dong dng deu hoan
chu ky mOt nam va hg an Tet Nam mdi, gpi
la (ChOI Chnam Thmay) Tet dUdc te chdc vdi nhieu hinh thdc nghi le g i n vdi tdn giac xln mda khd qua mau va mda mua lai den cho mdt vy mda mdi Tet Chdi Chndm Thmay cd 3 nam Tet 3 ngay thi co mgt nam nhuan Tet 4 ngay
- Le cung Niet Ta
Cung Nllt Ta - vi than bag hO chc cen ngufli, mua mang Cung Nllt Ta la cdng than bad hfl chd pham vl mdt vung dat: sdc, phum, xdm, rach Tuy vj tri than ma cdng ddng ngudi Kho-me cd the cdng Idn vdi dau Ipn hope cung nhd vdi ga vjt Thudng cac vi than bao hp dugc ngUdl dan lam mieu thd idn hoac nhd va hp dem de cdng apt d nhdng mieu thfl
dd Le cung cung diln ra vao dip tet cua cOng dong ngddi Kho-me thang Tu DUdng lich va cac dip ma ca nhan thdy can cung ta dn hoac
de xin phu hO dieu gl Thddng thi cdng Niet f a vdi y nghTa cau an cho mgi ngudi, d u mua thuan gid hfla, cho vy mua boi thu Niet Ta cdn la than bao hg cho tinh yeu trai gal HiSn nay, trong nhilu ehda cda ngufli Khd-me d chau tho sflng Me-Kdng cd dung mieu thfl Niet Ta ngay trong khufln vien cda chua
Sis-20/7
Trang 3- Le Cling Arak
Day la le cdng thddng g i n vdi pham vi gia
dinh, d n gpi Id cdng ttian bdp hO eda deng
hiSn rd rSt vd tinh chat thiSn, ac cOng khd
phSn blSL Cd the la mOt ngudi nao dd trong
ddpc tfln la than va dupe cac gia dinh trong
adng hp thd cdng nhd bdo hfl Khi gia dinh d
chuySn chang lanh hoac d ngudi dau dm,
ldm an tha bai, gap chuySn xui, tai nan, thi
ngudi Khd-me thddng cung Arak thee tyc le
Nlu cdng Arak ma ed mdi Kmteay (thIy bdi)
va Rup Arak (ngUdi nhap Arak), thi dd la gia
ma minh nhd bao hp d l tmc tiSp nghe Idl
phdn xet
- Li cung Rea Hu
Trong phum, sdc khdng cd tyc thfl Rea
Hu Rea Hu chi dupe trang tri phd bien d
cac chda, thap vdi khudn mat nhe nanh,
trpn mat nuot mat trang trdng rat dd tpn
Kill cd nhat thyc, nguyet thyc, d ehda vd
treng sdc, cdng ding ngudi Khd-me gpi
nhau danii trcng va pheng la d l cdu mat
trdi, mat trang NgUdl Khd-me xem nhat
thyc, nguySt thyc doan ajnh k i t qud mda
mang Nlu mat trdi va mat trang bj che
khuat hoan toan, tdc la Rea Hu nuot h i t vao
byng va sau dd lai sdng ra dan td phia bat
dau che khudt, tdc la Rea Hu nOn ra, thi
nam dd dupe mua Nuot mdt nda roi nha ra
la nam dd mda mdng trung blnh Neu nuot
rdi thdi ra phla sau tdc la sang dan ra phia
sau, do la hiSn tupng khong tdt, bao hieu
mat mda Duong thdi khi cd nhat thyc,
nguySt thuc, phy nd mang thai vdn pliai
nhjn an; d l mpt binh vfll va mpt eon dao bo
cau vao nep vay d l ty bao ve minh
- Le cung To
Cung To dupe to chdc vao cudi ttiang Ba
Am Ijch Nghe nao cd To cua nghe ay Doi
vdi cpng ddng ngudi Khd-me, cd nhOng to
Idn nhu To su thp mpc, thg ne, T l Robam, To
Du kS, v.v Nhung nhieu ong td nghe khflng
may al nhd ten hoac cd nhd thi mOl noi nhd
mOt ten khac Tuy theo mdi flng to nghe,
ngufll te lap dan cung vdi nhdng vat cdng va
nghi le tuong dng, dugc luu fruyen td xUa de
lai Dd sao, cdng To cung Id djp de d u va ttid nghi tong k i t va vui ve vdi nhau, cau mong mpt nam mdi cdng hpp tac ldm an phat dat hdn trong nghe cda minh Hdn nOa, khdng riSng gi ngudi Kho-me md ngudi Kinh moi nghi ma xa hgi cd hdm nay ia do mOt ngddi ed cdng sang lap ggi la To Vi vay, vlSc hipn tmyen thing "udng nudc nhd ngucn" cua cen ngUdi,
Nhu vay, vdi dac thu cda Ijch sd, vung Tay Nam BO la vdng dat tilp nhan nhilu ylu
to van hda, la dja ban cdng cu eda nhieu d n tdc, bSn canh ngufli ViSt ngudi Hoa, ngydi Cham, cdn cd cdng dong ngudi Khd-me sinh sdng vdi so lUdng dan s6 kha dflng DOI vdi cdng ding, ngoai Phat giao Nam tflng thi cdc boat dflng tin ngudng dan gian cung da
dang va piiong phd v6 cdng, cho nSn, du
chju Inh hudng cda Phat giao Nam tdng nhung doi vdi cOng dong ngufli Khd-me thi nhu d u tin ngudng dan gian v i n d n thiet yeu, ludn gan bd trong ddi song tinh than cda hg «
- 1 ^ tieu tham k h ^ :
1 Ban Chi dao Tay Nam Bp va Tmng tam Thdng
tin Sal Gdn (2005), Tay Nam Bo tien vao thekjf
XXI, Nxb CTQG Ha Ndi
2 Hoang Nam (2013), Tong quan van hoa tniyen thong cac dan toe Vi^t Nam (Quyen 1), Nxb VHTT
3 Son Nam (1997) Ca tinh mien Nam, Nxb Tre
TP Ho Chi Minh
4 Vien van hda (1993), VSn hoa ngudi Kho-me
vdng dong bang song Cdu Long, Nxb Van hoa
Dan toe Ha Ndi
- Chu thich:
1 Hdi Khoa hpc Ljch sd Viet Nam (2014) LUdcSLt
vdng dat Nam Bo Viet Nam, Nxb CTQG Ha Noi tr
66
2 Hoang Nam (2013), Tong ijuan vSn hoa tmyin
thong cac dan tgc Viet Nam (Quyen 1), NXB
VHTT, HN fr 494
3 Vien VSn hda (1993), VSn hoa ngudi Kho-me
vdng dong bang sdng Cdu Long, NXB VHTT HN,
tr 44
4 Hoang Nam (2013) Tong quan vSn hoa tmyin
thong cac dan toe Viet Nam (Quyen 1) NXB
VHTT, HN tr 509