Tài liệu Chương 3 ACARS docx

Aeronautical Telecommunication ATN Network Environment ATN ROUTER ATN ROUTER ATN ROUTER Avionics Subnetwork Mode S Subnetwork HF Subnetwork Satellite Subnetwork VHF Subnetwork CAA

Trường Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội

Hanoi University of Science and Technology

© HUST 2012

Hệ thông Thông tin Hàng Không

TS Đỗ Trọng Tuấn

Bộ môn Kỹ thuật thông tin

Trường Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội

Hanoi University of Science and Technology

ACARS

Chương 3

© HUST 2012

Hệ thống Thông tin Hàng Không

Teminologies

3

ACARS : A craft C ommunication A dressing R eporting S ystem

POA : P lain O ld A CARS

AOA : A CARS O ver A VLC

AVLC : A viation V HF L ink C ontrol (VDL2)

AEEC : A irlines E lectronic E ngineering C ommittee

Aeronautical Telecommunication (ATN)

Network Environment

ATN ROUTER

ATN ROUTER ATN ROUTER

Avionics Subnetwork

Mode S Subnetwork HF Subnetwork Satellite Subnetwork

VHF Subnetwork

CAA Ground Subnetwork

Management Processor

ATN End System

Aeronautical

Operations

Data Base

ATN End System

Data Display Processor

ATN End System

Data Entry Processor

ATN End System

Management Processor

ATN End System

Aeronautical Operations Control

ATN End System

Weather Data Base

ATN End System

ATC

ATN End System

FIS Data Base

ATN End System

Weather Data Base

ATN End System

Service Provider Ground Subnetwork Airline Ground

Subnetwork

Evolution of Aviation Wireless

Communications

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

PanAm Satcom Demo

FANS Committee

VDL Mode 2

CPDLC I&IA PETAL II & LINK 2000

ATN - ISO Definition

GPS SATCOM (ATS,AOC,APC)

CPDLC II & III NEXCOM VDL Mode 3 VDL Mode 4

CNS/ATM - FANS 1&A

2025+

ACARS

EACARS & AVPAC Attempts

Passenger Telephone Systems

HF Data Link

ATN - IPv? Definition

SATS

Chris Wargo., Aviation Wireless Communications, IAB Workshop on Wireless Internetworking, 2000

Evolution of Aviation Wireless

Communications

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

PanAm Satcom Demo

FANS Committee

VDL Mode 2

CPDLC I&IA PETAL II & LINK 2000

ATN - ISO Definition

GPS SATCOM (ATS,AOC,APC)

CPDLC II & III NEXCOM VDL Mode 3 VDL Mode 4

CNS/ATM - FANS 1&A

2025+

ACARS

EACARS & AVPAC Attempts

Passenger Telephone Systems

HF Data Link

ATN - IPv? Definition

SATS

Chris Wargo., Aviation Wireless Communications, IAB Workshop on Wireless Internetworking, 2000

Type Size Indication

Global Customers of the Wireless Aviation Market

Chris Wargo., Aviation Wireless Communications, IAB Workshop on Wireless Internetworking, 2000

Development Trends

AOC : Aeronautical Operational Control,

AAC : Aeronautical Administrative Communications APC : Aeronautical passenger Communication

ATSC: Air Traffic Services Communication

Data link

 AAC (Aeronautical Administrative Communication): Communication used by aeronautical operating agencies relating to non-safety communications for the business aspects of operating their flights and transport services

 AOC (Aeronautical Operational Control): Communication required for the exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of flight for safety, regularity and efficiency reasons

 ATSC (Air Traffic Services Communication) A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service)

 APC (Air Passenger Communications), defined as services to passengers providing them an access to communications and entertainment means similar to those that can be experienced on ground

9

KNOWLEDGE CHECK

 3 types of networks are under operation today in the

aeronautical world for aircraft – ground communications for cockpit/maintenance/cabin operations:

10

?

ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and

Reporting System) used for AAC/AOC/ATC

ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunications Network)

used for ATC

IP used for AAC/AOC (mostly aircraft IT systems),

as well as APC

* Simon Plass, Furture Aeronautical Communications, Intech Open Access Publishingm 2011, pp.26

ACARS::Introduction

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http://www.arinc.com/products/voice_data_comm/acars.html

ACARS® performs many crucial functions:

Abnormal flight condition identification

Detailed engine reports

Repair and maintenance plan

Manual e-mail-type messaging between crew and ATC

Weather reports

ACARS::Introduction

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•Short telex-like messages between plane and ground

•Uses VHF (117.975 - 137 MHz) and Satellites

•Uses HF in the polar region (HF ACARS)

•Developed by ARINC in 1978

Typical Data Link Applications

Taxi

From Aircraft

Link test/clock

Update

Fuel/crew information

Delay reports

Out

To Aircraft

PDC

ATIS

Weight & balance

Airport analysis

V-speeds flight

Plan-hard copy

Load FMC

Take-off

From Aircraft

Off

Departure

From Aircraft

Engine data

Ascent Weather reports

To Aircraft

Flight plan Updated weather

En route

From Aircraft

Position reports

Weather reports

Delay info/ETA Voice request Engine info Maintenance info

To Aircraft

ATC oceanic clearances Weather reports

Re-clearances Ground voice request (SELCAL)

Approach

From Aircraft

Provisioning Gate requests ETA

Special requests Engine info Maintenance info

Descent Weather reports

To Aircraft

Gate assignments Connecting gates Passenger & crew ATIS

Landing

From Aircraft

On

Taxi

From Aircraft

In

Fuel info Crew info Fault data (from central maintenance computer)

Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)

ACARS

 As the first sizable air–ground data radio solution, and still very much in practice today ACARS was available in the late 1970s

 It is non-standardized in ICAO It uses character-oriented data (ASCII based; maximum 220 characters per message)

 The air interface runs at 2.4 kbps in 25 kHz, using amplitude-modulated minimum shift keying

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ACARS

 A digital data system using the aircrafts VHF radio

to communicate with operators using data bursts Communication from Air to Ground (Downlinks) and Ground to Air (Uplinks) transferring all types of information to and from the aircraft Usage includes information such as departure times,

passenger problems etc

 A standard data burst will contain the Aircraft registration, message label, flight ID and message content

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ACARS

16

A sample ACARS message that would have come from that data burst (contains weather info)

World Designated ACARS Frequencies

17

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Communication Management Unit (CMU)

SATCOM AERO-1 System

SATCOM AERO-H/H+ System

VHF Voice/DATA System

HF Voice/DATA System

GateLink

File Server

Subsystem

Printer

ARINC 741

ARINC 761

ARINC 740/744

ARINC 719 ARINC 753

ARINC 716 ARINC 750

Terminal

Ethernet (Optional)

Typical ACARS Onboard Network

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Current Avionics Architecture

 ACARS is based upon an all-in-one communications

management unit

established in the 1920s!

processing location

 ATN network is an attempt to modernize ACARS, using most of the existing radio technologies with limited

modifications

• Limited flexibility

protocols, and new communication links

specifications have been updated in an attempt to rectify this

• Limited bandwidth makes security difficult

Trường Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội

Hanoi University of Science and Technology