To understand implications, you must consider: ® the meaning of key words, phrases, and idioms ® he meaning of negative questions ®~¢ the context and purpose of the conversation *~« the
Trang 1- DO YOU KNOW ?
1 Atleast four questions on the paper-based TOEFL and two questions on the computer—based
TOEFL will test your comprehension of implications made by the speakers in the short
2 An implication is something that is not stated directly by one of the speakers but is implied or
suggested When a speaker implies something, you must infer the meaning
TOEFL questions about implications sound like this:
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Sometimes a speaker will make an implication by asking a negative question
Here are some examples:
(Man) Pll get the car ready for our trip
(Woman) Wouldn’t it be more relaxing to take the train?
(Narrator) What does the woman imply?
Answer: They should take the train rather than drive
(Woman) I need something for my headache
(Man) Isn’t there a drugstore nearby?
(Narrator) What does the man imply?
Answer: The woman can get something for her headache at the drugstore
3 To understand implications, you must consider:
® the meaning of key words, phrases, and idioms
® (he meaning of negative questions
®~¢ the context and purpose of the conversation
*~« the probable relationship of the speakers to each other
In questions about implications, some of the answer choices may try to trick you by:
®~e repeating words and phrases from the conversation incorrectly
“~« having words that sound similar to key words in the conversation
“a being inaccurate: partly incorrect or opposite in meaning
Detta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test 73
Trang 21.7 IMPLICATIONS BY THE SPEAKERS
74
Here is an example:
(Man) You haven’t moved all morning Why don’t you put down
that book and come walk in the park with me?
(Woman) T have to finish it before class on Monday, and I’m only
halfway I need to read faster
(Man) What you need is some fresh air in your lungs
(Narrator) What does the man imply?
C) She needs to share her luck
C) She would benefit from exercise
©) She should not come to the park
© She had better read faster
What is the purpose of the conversation? The man invites the woman to join him fora walk in the
park, and she refuses his invitation The speakers are probably close friends or spouses
The best answer is the second choice, She would benefit from exercise Some key words that help
you understand the man’s implication are need and fresh air
The first answer choice tries to trick you with words that sound similar to the key words: needs to
Share her luck sounds similar to need is some fresh air in your lungs The third choice is incorrect
because it is the opposite of what the man wants The fourth choice relates more to what the woman
says than to what the man implies
Deita’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test
Trang 3"Yee PRACTICE
Exercise 1.7A
Listen carefully to the following conversations Choose the best answer to each question
10 | (START TAPE)
1 CA She should work full-time 6 CA) They should watch the thriller cE
She may have planned too much for the summer (CB) He is thrilled to watch a movie with her SH
Cc) She should take more than two classes Ce) Long movies are difficult to understand fa
CD) She is not allowed to work full-time (> The historical drama follows the other Z
CB) Wait patiently for the results of the exam 7 CA) Look for someone to share his house
Cc) Study for at least two weeks before the exam Introduce her to Yong
>) Complain to the department secretary Ce) Become Yong’s housemate
@) Look for a new lab partner
3 CA) The woman should change her attitude
about the class 8 CA) He expects a lot of dogs at the party
The woman should drop the class The dog can sleep in a quiet room,
Ce) The woman is used to having more Ce) The dog will enjoy himself at the party
interesting classes ©) She should not bring her dog to the party
(> The woman needs a different class
for graduation 9 CA) He should give up the idea of medical
school,
4 CA) The radio announcer cannot be believed He should get a less difficult job
The radio announcer is doing a good job Ce) He should give up one of his jobs
Ce) They should follow the radio He should drop one of his courses
announcer’s advice
(®) It makes no difference what the radio 10 CA) His friend may be able to help her
Ce) His friend’s car has a similar problem
5 CA) They should have worked harder on the She should buy a car from his friend
quarterly report
Kimi should be hired full-time for the summer
Ce) Kimi should work on the next quarterly report
(> The man should hire someone to help Kimi
(STOP TAPE) Exercise 1.7.B
Listen carefully to the following conversations Choose the best answer to each question
| omso | (START TAPE)
1 CAD Begin working on her assignment 2 CA) Maria doesn’t like rock climbing
CB) Go to court next week He likes the hot climate of Devil’s Tower
Cc) File a weekly report Cc) Both men are interested in rock climbing
(> Borrow the book she needs DELTA'2 KEY To THE TOEFL® Test The men are like brothers 75
Trang 41.7 IMPLICATIONS BY THE SPEAKERS
3 CA The hot dogs are delicious 7
CB) She is still hungry
Ce) She wants something to drink
He is changing his major to geology
He will graduate next year
He would rather take a different course
KOO)
@) She does not want a hot dog (©) He probably failed the exam
4 CAD His involvement in sports is affecting his 8 CA) She is too busy to go look at cars
He has to study hard to do well in basketball Ce) She cannot afford to buy a car
Ce) He would rather play basketball than do (> She will ask Bill what he thinks
anything else
@) He is the greatest basketball player on 9 CA) His mother is very impatient
the telephone
5 CA) The bird will make her happy Ce) The man should let her read the letters
She should have paid less for the bird from his mother
She has spent her money unwisely CB) The man should call or write his mother
() She needs to buy a new car
10 CA) She may have difficulty getting her
6 CA) He might not need his sunglasses paper done
He might have left his sunglasses in the car She must have been lying about having
Cc) He should be a more careful driver a paper due
©) He will need his sunglasses for driving CE) She will have more fin at the ocean than
at home
(> He wishes he could go to the ocean with her
[omso | (STOP TAPE)
Answers to Exercises 1.7.A through 1.7.B are on page 630
1.7 EXTENSION
Working in pairs, students identify key words and phrases in the conversations in
Exercises 1.7.A and 1.7.B that help you understand the implications made by the speakers
Working in pairs, students choose one of the conversations from Exercise 1.7.A or 1.7.B
and rewrite it so that one of the incorrect answer choices is now the correct answer Use
the tapescripts on pages 686 and 687 Each student takes the part of one of the speakers
Practice reading the conversation aloud, concentrating on pronunciation Present the
conversation and question to the class Classmates take a “live TOEFL exam.” Be
prepared to explain the new correct answer!
Example:
M: Nathalie is taking two classes this summer
W: Is that all? She is required to be a full-time student
N: What does the woman imply about Nathalie?
Correct answer: Cc) She should take more than two classes (Ex 1.7.A, #1)
Explanation: She needs more than two classes to be a full-time student
Trang 5
1.6 Making Inferences about People
Q Focus
Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to the question
| onto | (START TAPE)
C) She does not want to assist the man
CD She will take the stairs down to the fifth floor
C) She works in a medical clinic
C> She will make an appointment with Dr O’Brien
_ 0]
i
2
P2
@
| (PAUSE TAPE)
What do you know about Kelly?
You know that Kelly is one of the speakers You know that a man asks for her help with some blood
samples You know that Kelly agrees to help him because she says Sure You also know that she
must first rush these charts up to Dr O’Brien on the fifth floor You learn a lot about Kelly from this
short conversation
What can be inferred about Kelly? You can infer that she works in a medical clinic Therefore, the
best answer is the third choice Certain key words and phrases lead you to this conclusion
You can eliminate the first answer choice because it is not true You can eliminate the second and
fourth choices because neither speaker said anything that would support such conclusions
Now, listen to another conversation and choose the best answer to the question
(START TAPE)
C> Buy the woman a new dishwasher
(©) Wash the woman’s dishes
C) Borrow his friend’s dishwasher
| oso | (STOP TAPE)
The conversation is about a dishwasher that is leaking water on the floor The man says, J think I
know how to solve the problem What will the man probably do? The best answer to the question
What will the man probably do? is the fourth choice, Try to fix the woman’ dishwasher
Both of these questions require you to make an inference about one of the people
Trang 61.8 INFERENCES ABOUT PEOPLE
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2
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DO YOU KNOW ?
At least four questions on the paper-based TOEFL and two questions on the computer-based
TOEFL will test your ability to make inferences about people in the short conversations you hear
An inference is a conclusion that you can make based on what the speakers say On the TOEFL,
you will make inferences about either someone who is speaking or someone who is spoken about
in the conversation
TOEFL questions about inferences sound like this:
Some inference questions ask you to make a prediction about what one of the speakers will
probably do next These questions sound like this:
ce What will the min probably do?
_ 2 What vall the speakers probably
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To make inferences and predictions, you must consider:
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oe the meaning of key words, phrases, and idioms
®s the context and purpose of the conversation
“sa the probable relationship of the speakers to each other
In questions about inferences and predictions, some of the answer choices may try to trick
you by:
® not being supported by what the speakers say
# repeating words and phrases from the conversation incorrectly
Se having words that sound similar to key words in the conversation
PRACTICE
Exercise 1.8.A
Listen carefully to the following conversations Choose the best answer to each question
[ oso | (START TAPE)
1 CAD Call in sick at work 3 CA) Drive to Fairville to find a motel
Ce) Turn down the invitation Ce) Drive to the airport in Fairville
(®> Eat pizza at work @) Demand to speak to the manager
78
She is a professor CB) Service station attendant
She is a playwright CO Telephone solicitor
DeLta’s KEY 10 THE TOEFL® Test
Trang 75 CA) Go to a barbecue
Go on vacation
Cc) Work in a restaurant
CD) Stay at her parents’ beach house
6 CA) He is a research scientist
He is a college student
Cc) He is a recording star
©) He is a good athlete
7 CA) She is an excellent student
She is a business major
She will graduate at the end of next semester
@ She is a manager in a supermarket
Exercise 1.8.B
8 CA) He is missing
CB) He is homesick
He is a poor student
> He is in trouble
9 CA) Pick up a plane ticket
CB) Take a cruise
Travel by train
> Speak to a travel agent
10 CAD Hire an assistant
CB) Quit his job
Work longer hours
CB) Take a long vacation
(STOP TAPE)
Listen carefully to the following conversations Choose the best answer to each question
[ ome | (START TAPE)
1, CAD Both the man and the woman missed
biology class
Both the man and the woman went to
the airport
Ce) The man is not doing well in biology
(> The woman never takes notes in class
2 CA) He is unpopular with his students
He assigns a lot of busywork.-
Ce) He expects his students to -work hard
(> His class is required for all students
3 CAD Try the food in the deli
Eat something different in the cafeteria
Ce) Get sick from the food
(©) Buy food in the bookstore
4 CA They are both pretty
They live far away
Ce) They are visiting their father
CD They are sisters
5 CA) Go to a more expensive store
Ask the man to buy a scarf
Buy the less expensive scarf
(> Buy the blue scarf
CAD He is looking for a job
He is a reference librarian
Ce) He is opening a checking account
(®) He teaches physics
7 CA Study harder for the next chemistry test
Cs) Ask his chemistry professor for extra help
Cc) Drop his chemistry class
CD) Change his major field of study
aed work in a market
ey are from Greece
They like Greek food
They were recently married
8 ŒÒ T
9 CA
Son
Ask someone else for advice
Choose one of the sushi bars
on Walk to a supermarket
(> Take the woman out for pizza
10 CA) Go to the drugstore
© Buy the woman a poster
@ Send the woman a postcard Go to the post office
[om | (STOP TAPE)
Answers to Exercise 1.8.A through 1.8.B are on page 630
DELTA'2 KEY TO THE TOEFL® Teer 79
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1.8 INFERENCES ABOUT PEOPLE
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1.6 EXTENSION
Working in pairs, students identify key words and phrases in the conversations in Exercises 1.8.A and 1.8.B that support the inferences you make
In Exercises 1.8.A and 1.8.B, how many other inferences can be made from the same
conversations? Example: In the conversation about Kelly in the Focus exercise at the beginning of this unit, you can also infer that (1) Kelly and the man are co-workers, (2) Kelly works for Dr O’Brien, and (3) Kelly has some charts that Dr O’Brien needs
Working in pairs, students choose one of the conversations from Exercise 1.8.A or 1.8.B
Change part of the conversation and rewrite the answer choices One must be the correct answer! Use the tapescripts on pages 687 and 688 Each student takes the part of one of the speakers Practice reading the conversation aloud, concentrating on pronunciation
Write the new answer choices on the board Present the conversation and question to the class Classmates take a “live TOEFL exam.” Be prepared to explain the correct answer!
Example:
W: Do you want to join me and Randy for pizza?
We’re meeting in fifteen minutes
M: Sounds good, as long as you don’t want anchovies
N: What will the man probably do?
Order anchovies
CB) Go out for pizza
Cc) Invite another friend
ép) Goto McDonald’s
Correct answer: (B)
Explanation: The man will probably go out for pizza because he said, “Sounds good.”
Detta’s KEY TO THE TOEFL® Test
Trang 9
1.9 Making Inferences about Context
Q Focus
Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to the question
(START TAPE)
C) Ina pharmacy
CD) a coffee shop
©) Ina bank
C) Ata gas station
(PAUSE TAPE)
What words in the conversation are keys to understanding where the conversation takes place?
Some key words you may have heard are prescription, refilled, label Where would people be talking
about having a prescription refilled? You can infer that the conversation takes place in a pharmacy or
drugstore Therefore, the best answer is the first choice, In a pharmacy
Listen to another conversation and choose the best answer to the question
| omso | (START TAPE)
© Rinsing the dishes
C) Scrubbing the floor
C> Bathing a dog
C> Washing a car
[5] ror ni)
A key phrase spoken by the woman is splashing water all over the floor Notice that ail of the
answer choices involve water How can you eliminate some of these choices?
Another key phrase is try to hold him Understanding this phrase is essential for understanding what
the speakers are doing This phrase helps you eliminate rinsing the dishes, scrubbing the floor, and
washing a car
Who are the speakers trying to hold? Anyone who has ever tried to give a dog a bath knows the best
answer is the third choice, Bathing a dog
Both questions require you to make an inference about the context of the conversation In this type
of question, listening for key words and phrases is essential
You will see this type of question on the paper-based test only
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Trang 10
1.9 INFERENCES ABOUT CONTEXT
ụ DO YOU KNOW ?
At least one question on the paper-based TOEFL will test your ability to make inferences about
the context of the short conversations you hear
2 The context is the situation in which a conversation takes place The context can refer to both the
setting of the conversation—where it takes place—and the purpose of the conversation—why it
takes place
TOEFL questions about the context of conversations sound like this:
To make inferences about context, listen for key words which tell you:
%~« the purpose of the conversation
“~« the topic of the conversation
“~ the relationship of the speakers to each other
Pf,
Ve PRACTICE
Exercise 1.9.A
Listen carefully to the following conversations Choose the best answer to each question
| orto | (START TAPE)
1 CA) Ina coffee shop
At a supermarket
Ce) In a clothing store,
Cp In an elevator
2 CA) A math problem
The woman’s health
Cc) An upcoming surgery
Cb.) The woman’s car
3 CA) Hardware store
CB) Supermarket
Cc) Bookstore
Cb Drugstore
4 CA) A wedding
Aplay
Ce) A concert,
@) A lecture
92
5 Preparing a speech
Studying for a test
@®
oS Ce) Applying for a job
@ Editing a book
@) In a restaurant
AI a shopping mall
A a gas station
&S In a bicycle repair shop
7 CA) Tools
CB) Furniture
Ce) Fruit
CD) Trees
8 CA Ina dentist’s office
In a photography studio
Ce) Ina car wash
©) In an airport
Lome | (STOP TAPE)
Answers to Exercise 1.9.A are on page 631
DELTA’s KEY TO THE TOEFL® Test