Tài liệu Delta''''s key to the toefl test part 13 pptx

On the actual test, questions about sequencing events will be more challenging than can be shown in this book because you will not see the statements at the same time you hear the inform

1.13 EvENTS IN A PROCESS

©) DO YOU KNOW?

1, Approximately one or two questions on the computer-based TOEFL will ask you to put the

events of a process in the correct sequence

2 A sequence is an ordering of things or events On the TOEFL, questions about sequences are

usually about time order You will hear a speaker describe a process, and then you will put three

or four statements in the correct order

TOEFL questions about sequencing events sound like this:

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You will use the mouse to click on a statement and then click on the space where it belongs

The statement will appear in that space Use each statement only once

Note: You must put all of the statements in the correct order to receive credit for answering the

question correctly

3 On the actual test, questions about sequencing events will be more challenging than can be

shown in this book because you will not see the statements at the same time you hear the

information spoken In other words, you will not see the steps in the process until after the

speaker has finished talking

r2 > PRACTICE

Exercise 1.13.A

For the questions about process, put the letters of the statements in the correct sequence For the rest of the

questions, choose the best answer

To benefit most from this exercise, cover the boxes and statements until the end of the conversation or talk

| omso | (START TAPE)

1 CAD They should choose their own subject 3

CB They should start with a pencil sketch

Ce) They should use erasable ink

Ce) They should take a different class

Selecting a subject for a speech

Entertaining an audience

Believing in what you say

Preparing a speech

2 CAD Draw the outline of the violin A Realize the importance of the speech

CB Study the subject Organize and develop your ideas

(®) Draw the shape of the chair Decide on your purpose

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113 EvENTS IN A PROCESS

5 CA) Give a speech

CB Write down ideas they think of

Ce) Choose from a list of possible topics

Cbd) Think of ways to make people laugh

(STOP TAPE)

Exercise 1,13.B

For the questions about process, put the letter of each statement in the correct sequence For the rest of the

questions, choose the best answer

To benefit most from this exercise, cover the boxes and statements until the end of the conversation or talk

(START TAPE)

1 CD Complex engines 4 CA) The bill is signed by the president

The production of energy The bill is passed by the House

Ce) How trees manufacture food of Representatives

Uses of the sun’s energy Ce) Hearings are held to hear opinions

on the biil

2 CA) In the leaves of a tree ©) The bill is approved by the Senate

On a tree’s trunk

Ce) In carbon dioxide molecules 1

3 CAD Solar energy is used to combine carbon 3

Ce) A leaf takes in water and carbon dioxide

Cc) Carbohydrates move throughout the tree

1 5 CA) The second reading of a bill

CB) The president’s approval of a bill

6 CAD Business Law

Accounting

Ce) American Government

(> Information Systems

(STOP TAPE)

Answers to.Exercises 1.13.A through 1.13.B are on page 633

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Quiz 6 (Time — approximately 15 minutes)

[ons | (START TAPE)

Directions: In this quiz you will hear several conversations and talks Each conversation or talk is

followed by several questions The conversations, talks, and questions will not be repeated

For most of the questions, you will read four possible answers and choose the best answer, Some

questions will have special directions

Here is an example

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On the recording, you hear:

Now listen to a sample question

In your book, you read:

CA Agriculture and industry expanded _C@) Forests covered North America

CB) Conservation laws were passed CD) Old-growth forests were half gone

The correct order of events given by the professor is:

Cé> Forests covered North America

CA) Agriculture and industry expanded

1

2

3 | @ Old-growth forests were half gone

Conservation laws were passed

Therefore, the correct answer is (© )A)(D)(B)

1, GD He wants to tell her about his illness 4 CA) The formation of wetlands

He wants her to get the materials from class CB) The plant and animal life of marshes

Ce) He wants to thank her for dropping by Ce) The diversity of animal life

©) He is inviting her to come visit him Cp3 How the food chain functions in marshes

2 CA) Make an extra copy of her notes 5 CAD Trees

(©) Drive to the mall after class ©) Everglades

3 CA) Turn right on Harrison Ce) Go over the freeway

Turn right on Lake Boulevard ©) Go past the mall

1

2

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Quiz 6

6 CA) Snapping turtle Ce) Leopard frog

CB) Dragonfly (©) Great blue heron

Aquatic Hà : Wading

Insect Amphibian | Reptile Bird

7 CA) Decaying vegetation turns the water

dark brown

Plants and animals die in the marsh

Bacteria and fungi break down the biomass

C)

1

2

3

8 Choose 2 answers

[Al Laying the eggs

Defending the colony

IC] Gathering pollen

[| Stinging the queen

9 CA) The egg hatches into a larva

CB The larva enters the pupa state

Cc) The adult worker emerges

(> The egg is put into the worker cell

Eight hours after leaving the pupa

Cc) Eight days after leaving the pupa

10 Ca) Eight days after laying the eggs

CB

(®) Twenty-one days after leaving the pupa

11 CD Flying

Stinging

Ce) Working on the hive

Head Thorax Abdomen

12, GA) Children think a lot about their inner

feelings

Children need guidance in developing their social skills

Ce> Children become more egocentric as they enter adolescence

@) Children go through stages in developing social reasoning

13 CA) Four

Eight

Ce) Ten

@) Fifteen

14 CA) He cannot distinguish between thoughts

and actions

He can understand only his own

perspective

Ce> He can follow and give directions

@®) He can comprehend social expectations in

a variety of situations

15 CA) Children develop an analytical and societal

perspective

Children can understand two perspectives, but not at the same time

Children have an egocentric perspective

(> Children can take a third-person

perspective

[ omao Ì (STOP TAPE)

Answers to Listening Quiz 6 are on page 633

1.14 REASONS

114 Determining Reasons

Q Focus

Listen to a conversation

(START TAPE)

1 GA) She must have her car repaired

CB) She has an algebra test - Cc) She broke her arm and must see a specialist

She has a fever and a cough

2 CA) She has a meeting

CB.) She has a class

Cc) She has an appointment

(STOP TAPE)

Question | asks you to identify the reason why the student must reschedule her appointment The

student says:

I’m sorry, but I can’t make my advising appointment at ten o’clock My car broke

down and I have to see my mechanic

The student uses an idiomatic expression, broke down, to mean that her car stopped working She

has to see her mechanic, who will repair the car Therefore, you should check the first answer

choice, She must have her car repaired

The second and third choices try to trick you by repeating some words from the conversation—

algebra and broke—but inaccurately The fourth choice is about something not mentioned at all

Question 2 asks you why the student can t meet at eight o’clock the next day The student says:

Oh, no, I’m sorry I have algebra at eight

The student means that she has algebra class at eight o’clock Therefore, you should check the

second choice, She has a class

The other answer choices try to trick you either by being inaccurate or by not being mentioned

in the conversation

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1.14 REASONS

©) DO YOU KNOW ?

1 Approximately four or five questions on the TOEFL will test your ability to determine reasons in

the conversations and talks you hear

2 A reason is the answer to the question “Why?” A reason is the cause for some action, belief,

statement, fact, or event Sometimes reasons are stated directly by one of the speakers Sometimes

reasons are stated indirectly through key words and phrases

TOEFL questions about reasons sound like this:

3 In questions about reasons, some of the answer choices may try to trick you by:

on repeating words and phrases incorrectly Ong using words that sound similar to the words used

Ong being illogical or unrelated to the question

Bonne being inaccurate: partly or wholly incorrect

One being about something not mentioned by the speakers

Remember, you can answer all questions based on the information you hear in the conversation or

talk You do not need special knowledge of the topics to answer the questions correctly

Yes PRACTICE

Exercise 1.14.A

Listen to the following conversations and talks Answer the questions based on the information you hear

| s%9 | (START TAPE)

1 GD) It is an excellent introduction to photography 3 CA) Factors influencing oil prices

It has beautiful photography of snow CB) Consumer education

Ce) It reviews material that the students need Ce) The history of inflation

@) It explains how to use the library reserve

system 4 CA) To compare prices in the United States

with prices in other countries

2 CA The viewing rooms there are the best on To explain how companies set the price

Items on reserve cannot be checked out Ce) To show how a price increase for one

Ce) Videotapes cannot be checked out item contributes to inflation

(©) It contains sensitive material @) To encourage students to tell stories

about their families

5 CA) The price of oil rose sharply

The population rose sharply

Ce) People wanted to buy more things

Cb) People spent too much money

Exercise 1.14.B

Listen to the following conversations and talks Answer the questions based on the information you hear

(START TAPE)

in

1 @ He doesn’t like adventure stories

He thinks the main character was immoral

Cc) He thinks the film was too violent

He thinks the film was unbelievable

2 Choose 2 answers

She likes films with a lot of action

She admires one of the characters

She considers it a classical hero story

She knows some of the people

in the film

Beier]

3 CA) The soldier killed a lot of his enemies

The soldier survived going over a waterfall

CC) The soldier died to save someone he loved

(®) The soldier was the narrator in the film

4, CA) They each have a different definition of

“hero.”

They disagree over whether the story

was true

Ce> They disagree over which character killed

more people

CB One of the men did not see the end of

the film

1.14 REASONS

CA) Workers were not trained

Companies were hurt by inflation

Ce) Companies needed fewer workers

(> Companies could not find good workers

(STOP TAPE)

6

5 CA) It is where companies research and

develop new products

It is where companies can cut costs

Ce) It is where employees can update their computer skills

(> It provides jobs for college graduates

6 CA) To advertise a new product

To show how companies set the price

of an item

Ce> To explain why companies must keep costs down

©) To illustrate how the distribution

process works

7 CA) It is essential for controlling costs

It can lead to an executive position

Ce) It helps companies overproduce

(> It requires little or no training

8 Choose 2 answers

[A] They can accurately report on inventory

They provide good entry—level jobs for

programmers

They make it easier for managers to supervise people

ID They train people for executive positions

[ons | (STOP TAPE)

Answers to Exercises 1.14.A through 1.14.B are on page 634

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1.14 REASONS

Working in pairs, students discuss why the incorrect answer choices in Exercise 1.14.A and 1.14.B are incorrect How do they try to trick you?

Students create “TOEFL questions” to test their classmates’ ability to determine

reasons for actions, beliefs, statements, or facts in conversations and talks Working

in pairs, students choose one of the conversations or talks from Exercises 1.10 through 1.13 Use the tapescripts beginning on page 691 Divide the conversation

or talk so that each student takes a part Each student practices reading aloud his or her part, concentrating on pronunciation Write two questions about reasons in the conversation or talk Use the list of reason questions on page 118 for examples of how to word the questions For each question, write four answer choices One must

be the correct answer! Give your questions and answer choices to the teacher so that

he or she can make suggestions Then, type the answer choices and give copies to the class Present your conversation or talk to the class, with each student reading his or her part and one of the questions The class takes a “live TOEFL exam.”

DELTA’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test

1.15 INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS

115 Making Inferences and Predictions

Q Focus

Listen to a lecture

| oxo | (START TAPE)

1 Choose 2 answers

‘Women are naturally inferior to men

The American Revolution gave women full civil rights

American women formerly could not own land

By 1815 some traditional customs had changed

Changes in the position of women

The American Revolution

Women as housekeepers and mothers

The feminist movement today

(STOP TAPE)

Question 1 asks you what can be inferred from the lecture In other words, what conclusion can

you make after hearing the lecture? For this question you must choose two answers

The professor says:

American women had been trained from childhood to assume the role of housekeepers,

taught that they were naturally inferior to men, and denied the right to hold property

and:

The appearance of a feminist movement that would demand civil rights for women

depended on the disappearance of some of the customs that had kept women in a

position of inferiority The first signs of this process were apparent well before 1815

From this information, you can infer the third and fourth answer choices, American women

formerly could not own land, and By 1815 some traditional customs had changed

Question 2 asks you what the professor will probably discuss next You rust make a prediction

The best answer is the first choice, Changes in the position of women Some key phrases

supporting this prediction are: appearance of a feminist movement, disappearance of some of

the customs, and the first signs of this process

The other answer choices cannot reasonably be predicted from the information in the lecture

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1.15 INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS

W DO YOU KNOW ?

Approximately four or five questions on the TOEFL will test your ability to make inferences and

predictions based on the information you hear in conversations and talks

An inference is a conclusion that you can make from the information given by the speakers

An inference is a “hidden” idea To make an inference, you must interpret a message that is

not stated directly by the speakers One of the speakers implies or suggests something, and

you infer the meaning

A prediction is a type of inference in which you must determine what will probably happen next

or what a speaker will probably discuss next

To make inferences and predictions, use key ideas and your overall understanding of the conver-

sation or talk, as well as reason, logic, and common sense

TOEFL FT questions about inferences and predictions sound like this:

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3 In questions about inferences and predictions in conversations and talks, some of the answer

choices may try to trick you by:

®s not being supported by what is stated or implied by the speakers

~2 repeating words and phrases incorrectly

® being inaccurate: partly or wholly incorrect

*n« being about something not mentioned by the speakers

Vee PRACTICE

Exercise 1.15.A

Listen to the following conversations and talks Answer the questions based on the information you hear

(START TAPE)