Working in pairs, students choose one of the conversations from Exercise 1.5.A and rewrite it so that one of the incorrect answer choices is now the correct answer2. 1.6 INTONATION 1.6 U
Trang 11.5 TIME, QUANTITY, AND COMPARISONS
4 Some expressions of comparison to listen for are:
(Man) Ruby is not as fussy as her sister
(Narrator) What does the man mean?
(Woman) Poor Leo! It seems the more he studies, the worse he does on the tests m
Answer: Leo seems to get lower test scores when he studies a lot a (Woman) I’m almost finished with breakfast, and then I’ll be ready to leave Nà (Man) The sooner the better
(Narrator) What does the man mean?
Answer: He is eager to get going
Note: You will also review comparative expressions in 2.19
5 Some of the answer choices will try to trick you by using incorrect expressions of time, quantity,
or comparison Here is an example
(Man) Tomorrow is Ralf’s birthday Do you know how old he’!l be?
(Woman) Well, I know he’s older than my brother, who will turn
twenty-three next July
(Narrator) What do you know about Ralf?
C> He will be at least twenty-three tomorrow
C) He is no more than twenty-three
C_) He is not as old as the woman’s brother
From the conversation, you know that Ralf has a birthday tomorrow and that he is older than the
woman’s brother You also know the woman’s brother will be twenty-three next July You can
conclude that tomorrow Ralf will be twenty-three or older
The correct answer is the first choice, He will be at least twenty-three tomorrow:
The second choice tries to confuse you with no more than, which means less than The third
choice tries to confuse you with not as old as, which means younger than You can conclude that
the fourth choice is incorrect because the woman has a general idea of Ralf’s age: she knows he
is older than her brother
Trang 2
1.5 TIME, QUANTITY, AND COMPARISONS
Yes ? PRACTICE
Exercise 1.5.A
Listen carefully to the following conversations Choose the best answer to each question
| oxao | (START TAPE)
1 CAD Her class starts at six o’clock 5 CA) He is not a good student
She has to hurry to make her seven He should have been able to graduate
She needs to leave earlier than the man does (Ce) He had to leave school before graduation
@) The library closes at seven o’clock @) He has almost enough credits to graduate
2 CA) He has taught high school for two months 6 CA) They were married more than five years ago
CB) He has taught at the same school for CB) They were married last year
Ce) He moved in next door two years ago (> They have been married too long
(©) He moved in next door after he started teaching
7 He likes having big parties
CB)
3 CA) It is the same as the man’s He will probably have several parties
It is heavier than the man’s Ce) His party will be small and intimate
Cc) It is narrower than the man’s @) He will not invite enough people
It is a darker color than the man’s
8 CAD Next year tuition will cost twice as much
4 CAD He met the woman and her cousin around for freshmen
CB) He met the woman after he met her cousin remembers
He has not known the woman’s cousin Ce> Freshmen pay lower tuition than other
8) He has known the woman’s cousin (> Tuition doubles every year
for a long time
[oss | (STOP TAPE)
Answers to Exercise 1.5.A are on page 629
Trang 31.5 TIME, QUANTITY, AND COMPARISONS
1.6 EXTENSION
wee IE TI TE TT TEA
1 Working in pairs, students identify expressions of time, quantity, and comparison in
the conversations in Exercise 1.5.A How do some of the incorrect answer choices
try to trick you?
2 Working in pairs, students choose one of the conversations from Exercise 1.5.A and
rewrite it so that one of the incorrect answer choices is now the correct answer Use
the tapescript on page 685 Each student takes the part of one of the speakers Practice
reading the conversation aloud, concentrating on pronunciation Present the conversation
and question to the class Classmates take a “live TOEFL exam.” Be prepared to explain
the new correct answer!
— iS)
mị
=
Zz co)
Example:
M: Tomorrow is Ralf’s birthday Do you know how old he’ll be?
Ww: Well, I know he’s younger than my brother
N: What do you know about Ralf?
Correct answer: He is not as old as the woman’s brother (Example on page 63.)
De.ta’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test 65
Trang 41.6 INTONATION
1.6 Understanding Intonation
Q Focus
Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to the question
(START TAPE)
C> She has just finished the Acme project
She does not want to be given the Acme project
C) She thinks the Acme project is wonderful
C_) She wants to hear about the Acme project
| (PAUSE TAPE)
The woman says, That’s just what I wanted to hear but is it really? How do you think she feels when
she says it?
The woman’s falling tone of voice indicates she is not pleased by the news that Mr Tumpek may be
giving her the Acme project Therefore, you can eliminate the first and third answer choices
The best answer to the question What does the woman mean? is the second choice, She does not want
to be given the Acme project
Listen to another conversation and choose the best answer to the question
Lone | (START TAPE)
C) He could not understand the woman
The woman was not sincere
= He appreciates the woman’s apology
C) The woman did not help him
| (STOP TAPE)
The man says, That helps me a lot How do you think he feels when he says it?
The man’s falling tone of voice indicates he is not pleased by the fact that he cannot use his credit card
there His response is sarcastic because his words say the opposite of what he really means He does not
feel that the woman helped him
The best answer to the question What does the man mean? is the fourth choice, The woman did not help
him
Both of these conversations show the importance of intonation in conveying meaning in spoken
English
Trang 51.6 INTONATION
DO YOU KNOW ?
1 At least one question on the TOEFL will test your ability to understand the meaning of intonation
in the short conversations you hear
2 Intonation is the way people’s voices go up and down as they speak In English, there are
different levels of pitch Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of the voice
Speakers usually use a higher pitch at the beginning and the lowest pitch at the end of sentences
Thus, most sentences have falling intonation, which means the pitch goes from higher to lower
This is especially true of sentences that are statements or commands
`
There’s a video parlor on First Street
`
Please hand me my umbrella
=
D
mị
=2
ra
@
Questions that have a yes or no answer have rising intonation This means the pitch of the voice
goes from lower to higher
a
Did you pass the test for your driver’s license?
Questions that begin with wh— question words such as what, when, or why have falling intonation
“a 8
When will you be finished with your homework?
Rising intonation can turn a statement into a question
a
She has the flu and still went to school today?
+
You'll be able to come with us?
In exclamations, the highest pitch is combined with the strongest stress to show emphasis or to
express emotions such as pleasure, enthusiasm, surprise, anger, or disbelief
+
I couldn’t believe my eyes!
a
What a way to go!
3 On the TOEFL, sometimes the meaning of a conversation depends on the intonation of one of
the speakers Listen to the speakers’ voices If a speaker emphasizes certain words with a higher
pitch, that may be the key to his or her message
Here is an example:
(Woman) Yusef got the highest grade on our chemistry practicum
(Man) Oh, so he did stick with chemistry after all!
(Narrator) What had the man assumed about Yusef?
C) He was not a hard worker
C_) He never studied chemistry
He was a practicing chemist
C) He had dropped chemistry
Because the man stresses did by giving it a higher pitch, he shows he is surprised that Yusef
stuck with, or stayed with, chemistry This means he had assumed Yusef had not stuck with
chemistry and had dropped the class Therefore, the best answer is the fourth choice, He had
De.ta’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test 67
Trang 61.6 INTONATION
"Ye PRACTICE
Exercise 1.6.A
Listen carefully to the following conversations Choose the best answer to each question
(START TAPE)
1, The family did not know about the cabin
CB) The family could not come this weekend
Cc) The man did not want to invite his family
(> The man had forgotten to invite his family
2 CA) He thought Bruce was a poor dancer
He did not know Bruce was a dancer
Ce) He did not know Bruce was a prince
Cp He regrets not going to the recital
3 CA) He has never been to the speedway before
CB) The tickets are probably too expensive
Ce) He would rather do something else
on Saturday
8) He would like to go to the speedway
with her
4 CAD Something was wrong with the woman’s car
The woman had just bought a new car
The woman did not want to drive her own car
@ The woman wanted to go running in
San Francisco
5 CAD She loves to babysit her nephews
She would rather play with her nephews than write her term paper
Cc) She is too busy to babysit this weekend
She looks forward to seeing her nephews
6 CA) She is glad the man can help her
She looks forward to going to the
football game
Ce> She is frustrated that the man will not
help her
(> She appreciates the man’s assistance
7 CAD He was not a lawyer
He would not win the case
Ce) He did not know the man
He did not like to celebrate
8 CAD He didn’t know she liked steak
C8) He thought she would prefer a hamburger
Cc)
@)
He thought she was a vegetarian
He didn’t realize she was so hungry
° | (STOP TAPE)
Answers to Exercise 1.6.A are on page 629
Trang 71.6 INTONATION
1.6 EXTENSION
Orem rt 9 GB LO IT OT TE
1 Students practice reading each sentence below in different ways Read the sentence
as a statement, question, command, and exclamation Change intonation to show
different emotions
=
3 You’re coming with me
o
On the board, write:
Choose one of the sentences to read to the class Choose one type of sentence and
one emotion Example: Read /’m driving as a question that shows surprise
Classmates listen and try to determine which type of sentence and which emotion
you are expressing
2 Working in pairs, students choose one of the conversations from Exercise 1.6.A
Change the intonation and rewrite the question and four answer choices One must
be the correct answer! Use the tapescript on page 685 Each student takes the part
of one of the speakers Practice reading the conversation aloud, concentrating on
intonation Write the new answer choices on the board Present the conversation
and question to the class Classmates take a “live TOEFL exam.” Be prepared to
explain the correct answer!
Example:
M: My sister says we should expect the whole family at
the cabin this weekend
W: Oh, they’re ail coming
N: What does the woman mean?
C@ She did not know the family could come
The family could not come
© She does not want the whole family to come
She wants the whole family to come
Correct answer: Ce)
Trang 8@uz 2
ASSESSING PROGRESS — 1.3 through 1.6
Quiz 2 (Time-approximately 10 minutes)
(START TAPE)
Directions: In this quiz you will hear short conversations between two people After each conversation, you
will hear a question about the conversation The conversations and questions will not be repeated After you
hear a question, read the four possible answers and choose the best answer
Here is an example
On the recording, you hear:
In your book, you read:
e must prepare her presentation
She must help her boss give a presentation
Her boss is making a presentation tomorrow
(©) She will miss the presentation tomorrow
The woman says her boss is making her give a presentation, which means that she, not her boss, will be
giving the presentation The best answer to the question, What does the woman mean? is CA), She must
prepare her presentation Therefore, the correct choice is Ca)
1 CD She was accepted into graduate school
She does not understand the graduate
school requirements
Ce) She does not know if she got into
graduate school
(> She does not want to go to graduate school
2 CA) The man would talk too long on
the telephone
The man would forget to buy a birthday card
Cc) The man would be rude to his mother
(> The man might forget his mother’s birthday
3 CA) The roommate will move out at the end
of the month
CB The roommate moved out last week
Cc) The roommate moved out two weeks ago
(>) The roommate lived there only a month
4 C&) She has a class at three o’clock
CB She cannot have coffee with the man
She will meet the man for coffee after class
Cb) She will cancel her appointment with
her adviser
70
5 CA) He wanted to get there earlier
CB) He has to work this weekend
He has to leave early to go to work
C2) He was allowed to leave work early
6 CAD It was the same speech that was given
last year
It was shorter than last year’s speech
Ce) It was longer and less focused than last
year’s speech
(2) It was a big improvement over last year’s speech
1 He had not known about the trip
Most people like dangerous activities
_ He does not like dangerous activities
No one told him the trip would be
so dangerous
8 He enjoys spending time with her
She does not have enough fun
She knows how to have a lot of fun
He enjoys helping her with homework
Detta’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test
Trang 9
uIz 2
9 CAD She had not known about Eli’s party 13 CA) Her secretary will arrange the details
She did not attend Eli’s party of her trip
Cc) Only a few people knew about the party She will arrange to have her secretary
Eli’s apartment was too small for a party accompany her
Cc) She will not go to the conference
10 CAD He can’t find the directions (D>) Her secretary will go to the conference
The chair needs another bolt
Cc) A bolt is missing 14 CA) He wishes he received more letters
CD) The directions are incomplete His friends do not answer his letters a
Cc) He rarely corresponds with anyone D
11 @) Astrid is not as tall as the woman He does not like to use e~mail m
Ce) The shirt will be too short for Astrid 15 Ca) Professor Tran let no one else speak Z
Cp) Astrid never wears T-shirts Professor Tran did not hear the speech Qd
Cc) Professor Tran probably liked the speech
12 CA) She thought he did not want a convertible Professor Tran is not a good teacher
She thought he should wait to buy a car
Cc) She did not know he wanted to buy a car
to buy
Answers to Listening Quiz 2 are on page 629
Trang 10
1.7 IMPLICATIONS BY THE SPEAKERS
72
1.7 Listening for Implications by the Speakers
Q Focus
Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to the question
Lomo | (START TAPE)
>) The man should look out the window
C) The man should not open the window
CD) The man should open the window slowly
C) The room is close and drab
(STOP TAPE)
The man wants to open the window The woman says she just closed it because it felt drafty in here
She does not directly tell him she does not want the window opened, yet this is what she implies How
do you know this? She says she just closed the window because it felt drafty
The best answer to the question What does the woman imply? is the second choice, The man should
not open the window
People make implications frequently in conversations One reason is that the speakers understand the
context and therefore do not have to mention a lot of details For example, in the above conversation,
it is not necessary for the woman to say, J do not want you to open the window because it felt drafty in
here and I was uncomfortable with the window open, so I closed it
Another reason people make implications is because it is sometimes more polite than speaking directly
Deita’s KEY TO THE TOEFL® Test