Tài liệu Simple Atmospheric Perspective ppt

SIMPLE PERSPECTIVE Brenda Hoddinott E-03 BEGINNER: PERSPECTIVE ONE In this lesson, you render a simple mountain range consisting of foreground, middle ground, and distant space, by u

SIMPLE

PERSPECTIVE

Brenda Hoddinott

E-03 BEGINNER: PERSPECTIVE ONE

In this lesson, you render a simple mountain range consisting of foreground, middle ground, and distant space, by using two components of perspective, overlapping and atmospheric perspective

Overlapping is a technique that gives the illusion of depth in a drawing, and refers to the position

of subjects in a composition, when one visually appears to be in front of another (or others)

Atmospheric perspective (sometimes called aerial perspective) refers to the visual depth created

by various particles in the atmosphere The farther an object recedes into the distance, the lighter

in value it seems to become, and its edges and forms appear more blurred

This lesson is divided into the following three parts:

INTRODUCTION: An illustrated discussion introduces overlapping, atmospheric perspective, foreground, middle ground, and distant space

OUTLINING OVERLAPPING MOUNTAINS: Three overlapping mountains are

sketched within a rectangular drawing format, beginning with the one that is closest (the

foreground) and working back toward the distant mountain and the sky (distant space)

GIVING DEPTH TO A MOUNTAIN RANGE: Shading is added to the sky and

mountains with squirkles to render the illusion of depth as a result of various types of particles in the atmosphere

This project is recommended for artists and aspiring artists of all ages, as well as

home schooling, academic and recreational fine art educators

8 PAGES – 13 ILLUSTRATIONS Published by Hoddinott Fine Art Publishers, Halifax, NS, Canada, 2005 (Revised 2006)

INTRODUCTION

In this lesson, you render a simple mountain range by using two components of perspective, overlapping and atmospheric perspective Various elements of perspective are used to help create

the illusion of three-dimensional spaces in drawings Perspective is a method of representing

subjects (and the individual parts of subjects) in a drawing, in such a way that they seem to recede into distant space, and appear smaller the farther they are away from you

Overlapping

Overlapping is a technique that gives the illusion of depth in a drawing, and refers to the position

of subjects in a composition, when one visually appears to be in front of another (or others) The

term composition refers to the arrangement of the various facets of your drawing subject within

the borders of a drawing space

ILLUSTRATION 03-01

A drawing space (also called the drawing surface or drawing

format) is the area in which you render a drawing within a specific

perimeter A drawing space can be separated into foreground,

middle ground, and distant space by overlapping (or layering)

objects in front of one another

In this square drawing space, the largest happy face (in the

foreground at the bottom) is overlapping (in front of) the

medium-sized one in the middle ground The medium-medium-sized happy face is

overlapping the one farthest away (in distant space)

Atmospheric perspective

Atmospheric perspective (sometimes called aerial perspective) refers to the visual depth created

by various particles in the atmosphere The farther an object recedes into the distance, the lighter

in value it seems to become, and its edges and forms appear more blurred Even on a clear day, your ability to see distant objects is decreased by an assortment of atmospheric components, such

as minuscule particles of dust and/or pollen and/or tiny droplets of moisture Your vision becomes further diminished when the atmosphere is filled with haze, fog, smoke, rain or snow Even fairly close-up objects can appear out of focus or almost invisible under certain conditions

ILLUSTRATION 03-02

As you examine this drawing, observe how

atmospheric perspective creates the illusion of

depth in a forest

The trees in the front are drawn with more

details and have more contrasting values than

the ones in the distance Their shadows are

darker, and their highlights are brighter Distant

trees are lighter in value and less detailed

The following cartoon drawing of a bunch of blobs in a fog demonstrates both overlapping and atmospheric perspective Take note of which blobs are overlapping (in front of) others

ILLUSTRATION 03-03

The light fog represents atmospheric

perspective and shows how your ability to see

into the distance can be diminished by

moisture particles in the air

You can plainly see the crisp shading lines of

Billy Blob (the shy blob in the front center),

who is the closest to you However, the farther

away the blobs are from the foreground, the

fewer details you can see The blobs in the

distant space are barely visible at all!

OUTLINING OVERLAPPING MOUNTAINS

In this section, you sketch three mountains beginning with the one that is closest (the foreground) and working back toward the distant mountain and the sky (distant space)

ILLUSTRATION 03-04

1 Outline a horizontal

rectangle (similar in shape to

mine) as your drawing space

A horizontal rectangle is often

referred to as a landscape

format You can either turn

your drawing paper

horizontally, or you can use a

ruler to draw a rectangle as

your drawing space

ILLUSTRATION 03-05

2 Sketch the outline of a

mountain in the foreground

When planning to overlap

objects, I generally find it

easier to draw objects in the

foreground first

Try to draw the outlines of the

mountains in approximately the

same locations as in my

sketches

ILLUSTRATION 03-06

3 Outline a second mountain behind

the first

This mountain represents the middle

ground

No need to make the shapes of the

mountains exactly like mine Feel

free to draw them more rounded or

jagged

4 Add the third mountain in the distant space behind the other two

Because this mountain is farther away than the others, the peaks should be somewhat smaller

ILLUSTRATION 03-07

GIVING DEPTH TO A MOUNTAIN RANGE

In this section, you add shading to render the illusion of depth as a result of various particles in

the atmosphere Shading is the process of adding values to a drawing so as to create the illusion

of form and/or three-dimensional spaces Values are the different shades of gray created in a

drawing by various means, such as varying the density of the shading lines and/or the pressure used in holding a pencil

Squirkling is an easy method of shading, in which randomly drawn curved lines (called squirkles) combine squiggles and scribbles with circles to create values Squirkles tend to look

best when the curved lines are very randomly drawn and of different shapes and sizes

If you are not familiar with the shading technique I call squirkling, please refer to beginner

lesson D-01 Squirkling Values

5 Use a 2H pencil and squirkles to add a very light value to the sky behind the mountains

ILLUSTRATION 03-08

Press very gently with your pencil

so the squirkle lines are very light!

6 Use an HB pencil to add shading to the mountain in the distant space

This mountain needs to be darker than the sky However, keep in mind that the two closer mountains need to be quite a bit darker, so be careful not to make this shading too dark Use

a gentle graduation of values to give this mountain a little form

A graduation is a continuous progression of values from dark to light or from light to dark

Form refers to the three-dimensional structures of shapes

ILLUSTRATION 03-09

7 Add shading to the mountain in the middle ground (on the right) with a 2B pencil

This mountain in the middle ground should be darker than the one in the distant ground Again, graduate the values to give the illusion of form to the individual sections of the mountain

ILLUSTRATION 03-10

8 Add shading to the mountain in the foreground with a 4B pencil

Objects that are in the foreground of a scene are generally in sharper focus than the middle and distant ground Hence, this mountain has darker darks and lighter lights in the

graduations to create the illusion of detail

ILLUSTRATION 03-11

9 If you wish, add a few shrubs, trees, and shadow sections

Use a HB pencil to add details to the middle ground and a 4B for the foreground Make sure you keep your pencils very sharp

ILLUSTRATION 03-12

Keep in mind that the trees in the

foreground are closer to you and

therefore drawn larger and with

more detail than those in the

middle ground

As you can see in this close-up,

the trees are simply thin vertical

lines with a few squiggles to

represent the branches

To draw a more detailed spruce

tree with squirkles, refer to

Lesson A-21: Spruce Tree

ILLUSTRATION 03-13

In the interest of simplicity, the focus of this lesson is on overlapping and atmospheric perspective In G-level lessons you work with various shading techniques along with the

rendering of light and shadows based on a dominant light source Light source is the direction

from which a dominant light originates The placement of the light source affects every aspect of the shading in a drawing

BRENDA HODDINOTT - BIOGRAPHY

As a self-educated teacher, visual artist, portraitist, forensic artist, and illustrator, Brenda Hoddinott utilizes diverse art media including graphite, technical pen, colored pencil, chalk pastel, charcoal, conté crayon, and oil paints

My philosophy on teaching art is to focus primarily on the enjoyment aspects while gently introducing the technical and

academic Hence, in creating a passion for the subject matter,

the quest for knowledge also becomes enjoyable

>Brenda Hoddinott<

Born in St John’s, Newfoundland, Brenda grew up in the small town of Corner Brook She developed strong technical competencies with a personal commitment to self directed learning, and the aid of assorted “Learn to Draw” books During Brenda’s twenty-five year career as a self-educated civilian forensic artist, numerous criminal investigation departments have employed Brenda’s skills, including Royal Canadian Mounted Police and municipal police departments In 1992, Brenda was honored with a commendation from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and in 1994, she was awarded a Certificate of Membership from “Forensic Artists International”

Her home-based art career included graphic design, and teaching recreational drawing and painting classes As supervisor of her community’s recreational art department, Brenda hired and trained teachers, and designed curriculum for several children’s art programs In 1998, Brenda chose to end her eighteen-year career as an art educator in order to devote more time to writing, drawing, painting, and developing her websites

Fine Art Education http://www.finearteducation.com incorporates her unique style and innovative approach to curriculum development This site offers downloadable and printable drawing classes for students of all abilities from the age of eight through adult Students of all ages, levels and abilities have praised the simple step-by-step instructional approach This site is respected as a resource for fine art educators, home schooling programs, and educational facilities throughout the world

ART PUBLICATIONS BY BRENDA HODDINOTT

Drawing for Dummies (2003): Wiley Publishing, Inc., New, York, NY, this 336 page book

is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally

The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Drawing People (2004): Winner of the Alpha-Penguin

Book of the Year Award 2004, Alpha - Pearson Education – Macmillan, Indianapolis, IN, this 360 page book is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally