Từ vựng * Unit 12: MUSIC - Kinds of music + Folk music: traditional music of a country + Rock ’n’ roll: style of music with strong and loud music + Pop music: popular with young people +[r]
Trang 1ÔN TẬP VÀ MỘT SỐ BÀI TẬP CỦNG CỐ
HỌC KỲ II 2011 – 2012
I Từ vựng
* Unit 12: MUSIC
- Kinds of music
+ Folk music: traditional music of a country
+ Rock ’n’ roll: style of music with strong and loud music
+ Pop music: popular with young people
+ Classical music: serious and traditional Western European music
+ Jazz: combination of African and Western music
- Other vocabulary: communicate, emotion, integral part, solemn,
mournful, lull, delight
* Unit 13: FILMS AND CINEMA
- Kinds of film: detective, science fiction, love story, cartoon, war,
thriller, action
- Other vocabulary: sequence, set in motion, decade, rapidly, scene,
actor, audience, character, prefer … to …., instead, suppose
* Unit 14: THE WORLD CUP
- tournament, passionate, globe (world), host, witness, elimination
game, jointly, trophy, honoured title, gain a victory over, finalist,
ambassador, promote, retirement
- Score: 1 – 0: one two nil
* Unit 16 : HISTORICAL PLACES
- originally, representative, memorialize, engrave, flourish
- Confician, scholar, achievement, stele (stelae), tortoise, banyan,
architecture, feudal
II Ngữ âm
1.- /iə/: here, hear, idea, cheer
- /eə/: pair, square, there, care
- /ʊə/: poor, sure, tour, casual
2 - /b/: bee, ban, club,…, âm /b/ câm khi B đứng cuối từ và trước
nó là chữ M (climb, comb)
- /p/: pea, pan, provide Âm /p/ câm khi đứng trong các tiền tố
"psych" and "pneu" (psychiatrist [sai'kaiətrist],
pneumonia [nju:'mouniə])
3 - /t/: topic, contain, different, worked, Âm /t/ câm nếu đứng sau
âm S, F, hay đứng trước âm L.(castle ['kɑ:sl], Christmas ['krisməs],
fasten listen ['lisn])
- /d/: drink, invader, depend, lived, Âm /d/ câm khi nó đứng liền với
âm N (handkerchief ['hæηkət∫if], sandwich ['sænwidʒ])
* Đọc -ed cuối động từ
- /id/ hoặc /əd/:Khi động từ có tận cùng là phụ âm /t/ hoặc /d/
E.g: Wanted / wɒntid /, Needed / ni:did /
- /t/:Khi động từ tận cùng bằng phụ âm vô thanh /p/, /f/, /k/, /s/, /∫/, /ʧ/: E.g: Stoped / stɒpt /, Laughed / lɑ:ft /, Cooked / kʊkt /, Sentenced / sentənst /, Washed / wɒ∫t /, Watched / wɒt∫t /
-/d/:Khi động từ tận cùng là các nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại: Played / pleid /, Opened / əʊpənd /
-Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ: Một số từ kết thúc bằng –ed được dùng
làm tính từ, đuôi –ed được phát âm là /id/: Aged:/ eidʒid / (Cao tuổi lớn
tuổi), Blessed:/ blesid / (Thần thánh, thiêng liêng), Crooked:/ krʊkid / (Cong, oằn, vặn vẹo), Dogged:/ dɒgid / (Gan góc, gan lì, bền bỉ), Naked:/ neikid / (Trơ trụi, trần truồng), Learned:/ lɜ:nid / (Có học thức, thông thái, uyên bác), Ragged:/ rægid / (Rách tả tơi, bù xù), Wicked:/ wikid / (Tinh quái, ranh mãnh, nguy hại),Wretched:/ ret∫id / (Khốn khổ, bần cùng, tồi tệ)
4 - /s/:Sue, bus, piece, price Âm /s/ câm khi đứng trước âm L như trong các từ sau:island ['ailənd], isle [ail]
- /z/: zoo, please, buzz
* Đọc –s, es cuối động từ, danh từ
- /s/:Khi từ có tận cùng là các phụ âm vô thanh /t/, /p/, /f/, /k/, /ð/: Units / 'ju:nits/, Stops / stɒps/, Topics
/ 'tɒpiks/, Laughes / lɑ:fs/, Breathes / bri:ðs/
- /iz/:Khi từ có tận cùng là các âm /s/, /z/, /∫/, /t∫/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ (thường có tận cùng là các chữ cái ce, x, z, sh, ch, s, ge): Classes / klɑ:siz/,
washes /wɒ∫iz/, Watches / wɒt∫iz/, Changes /t∫eindʒiz/
- /z/:Khi từ có tận cùng là nguyên âm và các phụ âm hữu thanh còn lại: Plays / pleiz/, Bags / bægz/, speeds / spi:dz/
5 - /f/: fan, photograph, enough, laugh -/v/: van, leave, arrive
Đặc biệt: /f/: Stephen /stivn/, /v/: of /əv/, if /iv/
6.- /g/: game, together, dog Âm /g/ câm khi đứng trước âm N: champagne [∫æm'pein], foreign ['fɔrin], sign [sain]
/ k/: cook, ticket, compete Âm /k/ câm khi đứng trước âm N ở đầu các từ như:: knife [naif], knee [ni:]
Trang 2Chú ý: G phát âm là / dʒ/ khi đứng trước e , i , y và tận cùng ge của
một từ cage /kedʒ/
7: /ʒ/: television, pleasure, Asia, massage
/∫/: shop, washing, special, machine, …
III Grammar
1 Conditional sentence II, III (câu điều kiện 2, 3)
- Câu điều kiện 2: K có thật, k thể xảy ra ở HT hoặc TL
IF S V2/ED, S would/ could/ should Vinf
E.g.: If he came late today, we wouldn’t wait for him
+ Nếu là to be thì dùng WERE cho tất các các chủ ngữ
E.g.: If I were you, I could help her
- Câu điều kiện 3: K có thật, k thể xảy ra ở QK
IF S had V3/ED, S would/ could/ should have V3/ED
e.g: If Mr Minh hadn’t taken that money yesterday , we could have
bought that house
Chú ý: Unless = If … not
E.g.: If Mr Minh hadn’t taken that money yesterday , we could
have… Unless Mr Minh had taken ………
* Cách viết câu điều kiện
- B1: Xác định câu đk: TL loại 1, HT loại 2, QK loại 3 ( để xác định
đc câu đk thì phải xác định đc động từ trong câu)
- B2: Xác định mệnh đề cho câu đk (Mđề If chỉ nguyên nhân:
Because, mđề chính chỉ kết quả: so, that’s why)
- B3: Viết câu đk: viết ngược lại với tình huống đưa ra
Because Minh didn’t feel well, he wanted to stay at home.
B1: V2 V2 QK: đk 3
B2: mđề IF mđề chính
B3 (did) not (did)not + not
If Minh had felt well, he would not have wanted to stay at home
I don’t like the noise, so I am not at his party now.
B1: V1 V1 HT: đk 2
B2: mđề IF mđề chính
B3 (do) not (do)not (am) not am (not)
If I liked the noise, I would be at his party now
Bài tập: Viết câu đk với các tình huống cho sẵn
1 He ate too much He became fat
2 Because he drinks too much coffee, she doesn’t feel calm
3 They didn’t understand the problem, so they couldn’t find the solution
4 You are not in my position You aren’t able to advise me
5 It isn’t sunny today We can’t go out for a walk
6 She was sick, that’s why she was absent from class yesterday
7 Johnny didn’t have money He didn’t buy that book
8 Sarah is very busy now, so she hasn’t watered her plants for some time
9 Because I have a mobile phone, my life is complicated
10 Henry couldn’t fly to Rome because the airport was closed
2 To infinitive (to V): để chỉ mục đích
Ta có hai dạng câu chỉ mục đích
a S1 + V so that/ in order that S2 + can/ could + V ( để … Có thể)
b S + V + to/ so as to/ in order to + Vinf ( S1 = S2 )
* Khi câu mang nghĩa phủ định thì k nên dùng To V mà nên dùng dạng còn lại
E.g: Mary saved money so that she could buy that house.
Mary saved money to/ so as to buy that house (nếu S1 # S2 k viết được)
Ta cũng có một dạng câu mục đích khác với want to e.g 1: Mary saved money because she wanted to buy that house.
e.g 2:Tommy should go home now if he wants to meet his cousin e.g 3:Jim went to the cinema He wanted to see a new film Jim went
to the cinema to see a new film
e.g 4: I want to celebrate my father’s birthday, so I asked my sister for
help
To celebrate my father’s birthday, I asked my sister for help
I asked my sister for help to celebrate my father’s birthday
Bài tập: Viết câu đk với các tình huống cho sẵn
1 I keep my hens in a field surrounded by wire netting I want to protect them against the foxes
2 I am learning skiing at an indoor school I want to be able to ski when
I get to Switzerland
3 The workmen left red lights near the hole Thay wanted to warn motorists
Trang 34 He didn't tell her he was going up in the spacecraft He didn't
want to alarm her
5 I wanted to save money for the holiday, so I got apart-time job
6 Because teenagers want to show themselves, they make
something weird
7 Use the phone if you want to call the police
8 I left the note because I want to invite him to my party
9 I stayed up late because I wanted to finish my homework
10 She didn’t want to go to the dentist, so she treat herself with
vegetables
* To infinitive còn dùng với câu hỏi what …… for (để làm gì)
e.g.: She listen to music to relax What does she listen to music for?
Viết câu hỏi cho các phần được gạch chân
1 I wrote them a letter to thank them for the weekend
2 George phoned his father to tell him the good news
3 They are going to have a match to raise money for people in
flooded area
4 Sasha has decided to phone him to say goodbye
5 The Youth Union will hold a competition to call for volunteers on
Green Summer
6 Pele became the ambassador for sports to promote peace and
solidarity around the world
7 South Africa is trying best to have a successful World Cup
3 It was not until …… that S + V2/ed: Mãi cho đến khi … thì ….
E.g.: She didn’t go to school until she became better.
It was not until she became better THAT she went to school
E.g.: Mary couldn’t go out until her father allowed.
It was not until her father allowed THAT she could go out.
E.g.: They weren’t able to come back their country until 1998.
It was not until 1998 THAT they were able to come back their
country
Bài tập: Viết lại câu với “ It was not until … that.”
1 He didn’t stop his surprise until I hurt him
2 My mother couldn’t cook the dish until she found the receipt
3 Mary didn’t live in New York until she got married
4 We didn’t see John until he got out of his house in the morning
5 Philip mustn’t leave here until she allowed him
6 Janet wasn’t satisfied until she paid a visit to Vietnam
7 He couldn’t calm down until I gave him the teddy
8 I didn’t meet him until last summer
9 They didn’t go to school until they were 6
10 I didn’t allow anyone to stay in my cave until I left this town
11 We weren’t able to touch anything here until he get the permission
12 She wasn’t comfortable until everything was completed
4 Adjectives of attitude ( Tính từ chỉ thái độ)
Adj (Ving): chỉ bản chất, có thể xuất hiện trong các cụm từ
- a/an/the adj N/ S find O adj
Adj (VED) chỉ sự tác động, cảm giác do vật/ người tác động lên
- S make O adj / _adj_ + prep (in, at, on …)
E.g.: I was very interested in the lesson./ The lesson is very interesting.
Bài tập: Cho dạng đúng của tính từ
1 The audience was (irritate) ……… by the delay of the performance
2 The smoke was (irritate) ………… her eyes
3 The children were (fascinate) …… by all the toys in the shop windows
4 She is beautiful with (fascinate) ……… smile
5 Hanoi is a very (excite) ………… city
6 There was a football match on TV yesterday We were very (excite)
…… when Vietnam scored a goal
7 His parents are (excite) ……… about his returning home after a long time’s living abroad
8 Horror films make me (terrify) ………
9 I am (terrify) ……… horror films
10.Natural disasters have been (terrify) ………… recently
5 WH-question
- WH-words: who/ what/ where/ when/ why/ how (như thế nào)
How many + N(số nhiều): Bao nhiêu (đếm đc), How much: Bao nhiêu (k đếm đc), How far: Bao xa, How long: Bao lâu, How old: Bao nhiêu tuổi, How high: Cao bao nhiêu (độ cao – vật, chiều cao – người), How wide: rộng bao nhiêu, rộng cỡ nào, How often: có thường không,
……
- Khi từ để hỏi có chức năng làm chủ ngữ, chỉ cần thay thể từ
thích hợp vào từ/ cụm từ đc gạch chân: WHO/ WHAT + V …… ?
Trang 4E.g.: The book was put on the table / Mr Smith has swum 3
times today
What was put on the table? Who has swum 3 times today?
- Khi từ để hói có các chức năng khác, đặt câu hỏi theo công thức
sau:
WH + VĐB + S + VT ……….?
(Vđb: be: is/ am/ are/ was/ were - have/ has/ had – do/ does/ did –
can/ may/ might/ would/ could/ should ……
Vt - động từ thường: live, think, say, swim, play ….)
E.g.: She went to Japan on July Where did she go to on July?
He didn’t visit his parents because of his sickness Why didn’t he
visit ?
Bài tập: đặt câu hỏi với các từ đc gạch chân
1 It takes twenty minutes to go to the supermarket by motorbike
2 My new dress is blue and white
3 Tom began playing football when he was ten
4 Jane has been living in this city for more than fifteen years
5 My younger sister weighs one hundred and forty pounds
6 This novel was written by Thomas Johnson
7 I am listening to some classical music
8 My new television is a Samsung
9 She was watching TV when Tom phoned her last night
10 there are more than twenty applicants for this position
11 They do their homework at night
12 Mr.Robins came to the party alone
13 She likes my yellow hat
14 She felt better after she took a nap
15 She talked to him for an hour
16 My parents have two cars
17 They are coming to visit me tomorrow
18 The man with blue suit is my brother
19 I don't get up early because I like to sleep late
20 We have an English class every Sunday
21 They often go dancing on weekends
22 The club is 300 metres from their house
23 Their favorite kind of music is classical music
24 They are singing a song of Jennifer
25 The train arrived at ten o'clock
6 Articles (a/ an/ the)
A/ An: một - Có thể đứng trước DTĐĐ số ít.
Chúng được sử dụng trong lời nói chung chung hoặc để giới thiệu
một điều gì chưa được đề cập đến trước đó
Ex: a baseball is round./ I saw a boy in the street
THE : Được dùng để chỉ sự việc mà chúng ta đã biết (lặp lại) hoặc
là một kiến thức chung, phổ biến:
THE boy in THE corner is my friend./ THE earth is round.
Bài tập: Điền mạo từ (a, an, the) hoặc X (không cần thiết) vào chỗ trống:
1 This is beautiful painting Does artist live near here?
2 I bought new toothbrush his morning and I can't find it I'm sure
I put it in bathroom
3 Can you get fresh cream cake when you go out? shop on corner usually sells it
4 It's very nice school and teachers are all very hard-working
5 "Look! There's cat in garden." "Yes, it's cat from next door."
6 There's man at door He wants to see you
7 We stayed in very nice hotel .room was comfortable and food was excellent
8 I bought new jacket last week but yesterday two of .buttons came off I'm taking it back to shop
9 I had bath this morning but water was a bit cold
10 I was at airport, waiting for friend to arrive
11.I want to keep this secret
12 rich should help poor
13.Here is beer you have tasted I’m sure
14.This house is built of stone I have never seen before
15.The weather was very good here during last week of December 16 knowledge of languages is always useful
17.He was conservative but he turned socialist
18.They made him King
19.This is kind of villa I like best
20 life we live here is hard
7 Will – Going to WILL: Chỉ lời hứa, việc không có chuẩn bị trước E.g.: A - My car is broken down ! –B:Don't worry ! I will repair it for you.
GOING TO:S + is / am / are + going to + động từ nguyên mẫu
- Chỉ một hành động đã có ý định làm / - Chỉ một dự đoán.
E.g.: Oh, your language is ready now What time are you going to leave Look at those dark clouds! ( nhìn mây đen kìa! )
- Yes, it is going to rain soon ( ừ, trời sắp mưa rồi )
- I’m sure / I think/ know/ guess/
suppose
- Oh?/ Really?/ Have (not) you?
-> I will…
- Promise
- is/am/are + Ving
- Oh?/ Really?/ Have (not) you? -> You are going to …
- decided/ made decision
- Look ……!
Bài tập: chia động từ trong ngoặc
1 Who would like to do this? Any volunteers? - " I it" (do)
2 Next week, CNN television _ almost the entire day to programs
Trang 5first broadcast in the 1960s.(devote)
3 Why did you buy so many eggs? - " I _ cakes" (make)
4 Although it is a problem in France only, I think I _ the rest of
the world soon (take)
5 "Oh, this box is very heavy!" - " I it for you" (carry)
6 We have run out of rice - " Yeah, I know.I _ some this
evening
I've got it on my list (get)
7 One day people _ to Mars ( travel )
8 There isn’t a cloud in the sky It a lonely day ( be )
9 She’s going out She _ these letters ( post )
10 There’s a postbox over there I these letters ( post )
11 We _ her off at the station at eight ( see )
12 Laura: Would you like tea or coffee?
Sarah: Oh, I (have) coffee, please
13 Trevor: I'm going to miss a good film on TV because I'll be out
tonight
Laura: I _ (video) it for you, if you like
14 Rachel: I'm just going out to get a paper
Emma: What newspaper _ (you /buy)?
15 Daniel: Did you buy this book?
Matthew: No, Emma did She _ (read) it on holiday
8 Comparisons
a Equality(So sánh bằng)S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun
S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + N/Pronoun
Ex:
+She is as stupid as I/me
+This boy is as tall as that one
(Không lặp lại từ đã dùng ở chủ ngữ)
Population ofHo Chi Minh city isn't as much as thatof Bangkok
b Comparative(So sánh hơn)
Short Adj:S + V + adj + er + than + N/pronoun
Long Adj: S + V + more + adj + than + N/pronoun
Ex:
She is taller than I/me
This bor is more intelligent than that one
Dạng khác:S + V + less + adj + than + N/pronoun.(ít hơn)
c Superlative(So sánh nhất)
Short adj:S + V + the + adj + est + N/pronoun
Long adj:S + V + the most + adj + N/pronoun
Ex:
She is the tallest girl in the village
He is the most gellant boy in class
Dạng khác:S + V + the least + adj + N/pronoun(ít nhất)
Chú ý:
-1.Những tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng một phụ âm mà ngay trước nó
là nguyên âm duy nhất thì chúng ta nhân đôi phụ âm lên rồi thêm
"er" trong so sánh hơn và "est" trong so sánh
nhất.(ex:hot >hotter/hottest)
-2.Những tính từ có hai vần,kết thúc bằng chữ "y" thì đổi "y" thành "i"
rồi thêm "er" trong so sánh hơn và "est" trong so sánh
nhất(ex:happy >happier/happiest) 3.Những tính từ/trạng từ đọc từ hai âm trở lên gọi là tính từ dài,một âm gọi là tính từ ngắn.Tuy nhiên,một số tính từ có hai vần nhưng kết thúc bằng "le","et","ow","er"vẫn xem là tính từ ngắn
4 Các tính từ so sánh bất quy tắc thì học thuộc lòng
good/better/the best bad/worse/the worst many(much)/more/the most little/less/the least
far/farther(further)/the farthest(the furthest)
Bài tập: Viết câu so sánh với từ cho sẵn
1 She is 16 years old Her friend is 16 years old (old)
2 Nam is 1,6 meters Hoa is 1,54 meters (tall)
3 I made 5 cakes John made 5 cakes Peter made 7 cakes (many)
4 This film is boring That film is boring, too (boring)
5 No one got good marks than Pete Pete got
6 The city is noisy The country is not noisy The city is
7 Nothing is cheaper than this toy This toy
8 His car runs 80 km/h My car runs 60 km/h His car
9 A donkey is not as fast as a horse A horse is 10.This house is not as big as that one That house
Bài tập hỗn hợp:
A Viết lại câu theo yêu cầu.
1/ We didn’t visit the museum because we had no time (If clause) 2/ The football match didn’t start until the lights were on (It was not ) 3/ Till last year, he didn’t visit me (It was not until …)
4/ I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have enough money (If clause) 5/ They moved to London in 1990 (Wh- question)
6/ I can’t take much exercise because I don’t have enough free time (If) 7/ The film was not as boring as the play (comparison – so sánh) 8/ He didn’t go to bed until his father came home? (It was not until that )
9 No other girls at the party was more attractive than Mai
10/ I didn’t have enough money, so I could not take a taxi (If…) 11/ She bought a computer because she wanted to store information(to-inf)
12 He isn’t as strong as his brother (comparison – so sánh) 13/ The Vietnamese people couldn’t enjoy their independence and freedom until September 1975
Trang 614/ I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can’t meet you.
15/ She didn’t write to him until she received his letter
16/ She doesn’t have more clothes than her sister (comparison – so
sánh)
17/ I am going to the capital I wanted to find a good job
18/ I was tired because I stayed up late last night
19/ The computer doesn't work, so I can't type his report today (If
clause)
20 The boy didn't do his homework until his father came home.(It
was not until )
B Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau.
1 My sister has been studying very hard for her exams I/m sure she
would pass the exams easily
2 If I had kno w n that you w e r e ill , I h a d g one to s e e y ou
3 Nam is really exciting about going to the cinema tonight
4 M y b r oth e r prefers s c i e n c e fiction films th a n horror on e s
5 The students w e r e i n t e r e s ting in t a king a f i e ld t r ip to the
National Museum
6 T h e r e ’ s someone a t the door A r e y ou g o i ng t o o p e n the door
f or m e ?
7 You should b r i ng an umbrella in o r d e r p r o t ec ting yourself from
r a in
8 I we nt home early b e c a u s e I f e lt bo r ing
9 It was not until midnight which they went to bed
10 If he took the medicine yesterday, he would have felt better
then
11 Which city is the largest, Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh?
12 If I had known she was sick, I have visited her
13 We set off early in order of reaching Thay Pagoda before midday
14 A new hospital was building in the suburb of the capital last month
15 It was not until his father came home which he did his homework
16 It was surprised to see my old friends again after a long time
C Chọn từ mà phần in đậm, nghiêng được phát âm khác với các
từ còn lại:
1/ A threatened B delighted C recognized D stayed
2/ A imagine B classical C integral D jazz
3/ A leave B heart C each D disease
4/ A gained B tried C provided D climbed 5/ A Chrismas B chemistry C scholarship D matching
6/ A school B champion C scholar D character 7/ A.rough B enough C cough D ghost 8/ A occur B necessary C accompany D cup
9/ A.knife B knob C knowledge D weak 10/ A.another B clothes C think D though 11/A thoughtsB forks C feelings D instruments 12)A four B your C tour D course 13)A seafood B release C threaten D beneath 14)A climber B bomb C blue D combing 15)A pine B psychology C plane D pick
16/ A caused B increased C practiced D promised 17/ A there B appear C wear D prepare 18/A chooses B horses C houses D phones
19/A soon B school C zoo D flood 20/A thank B theatre C although D thought
21/A sc hool B c hampion C c haracter D c hemist 22/A enough B laugh C though D rough 23/A business B lives C roles D delights 24/A those B they C themselves D theatre 25/A here B bear C hear D engineer