bài giảng luật quốc tế

BÀI GIẢNG LUẬT QUỐC TẾ PHẦN 1 chương 1: Khái luận chung về Luât Quốc Tế i. định nghĩa Luật Quốc tế: Luật Quốc Tế là gì? Luật Việt Nam là gì? 1. Khái niệm Luật Quốc tế:Luật quốc tế là một ngành luật riêng biệt, hoàn toàn độc lập với hệ thống pháp luật quốc gia do các chủ thể của luật quốc tế thỏa thuận với nhau xây dựng nên thông qua các điều ước quốc tế nhằm điều chỉnh các quan hệ phát sinh giữa các chủ thể luật quốc tế với nhau trong mọi lĩnh vực của đời sống quốc tế và được đảm bảo thực hiện bởi chính các chủ thể đó.

Comment [WU1]: Trlnh t^ x^y dtrng v^ hlnh thanh e^e qui pham cua hvgt quoc te

-KhSng co ca quan hay thiSt chS nao

co tl^ia quy^n (khong c6 ca quan lSp phap) de xay d^g <s^c qui pham phdp lu^t c^a Luat quSc i^,^ -Con duang duy x^iat de hinh thanh'

" nhiing qui pham Luat qudc te la svr

^thoathuan giQa cac quoc^a.hp t^ f

L d^t ra cac qui tac xu s\t de tufinflieo dudi hinh thuc ky kit cac dieu udc qudc td ho^ic cdng nhan e^e tp qudn qudctl;

- Qudc gia \k chu thd chu ylu cua Luat qudc td vd la chu thd chu ydu

I.Djnh nghla luat qudcte

-Luit qu6c tl la gi?

^Lu^tVi^tNamlagi?

1.Khsii iiiSm LQT: LQT Ik mot nganh -lu$t rieng bigt, hoan toan doc l^p vdi h thdng

phap lu^t qudc gia do cac chu thl cua lu|Lt qudc tl th6a thufta voi nhau xdy dyng nen

thdng qua cac dilu uac qudc tl nh^m dilu chinh cdc quan hf phdt sinh giGa cac chu thl

lu|t qu6c tl vdi nhau trong mpi linh vyc cua d^^i song qu6c tl vk dugc dam bao th^c

hi^n boi chfnh cdc chu thl d6

2.Bc diem Lu^t qudc t6

•V^ phuomg thuc xdy dpng phap lu^t: KHONG t6n t^u ca quan Up phap quoc t€

chung gidng nhu ca quan Up phap qu6c gia Cac VBQPPL cua LQT dugc chinh

cac chu thS cua LQT thda thu^n vdi nhau xay d\mg ndn

^^ Chu th6 cua LQT khac vai chu thl cua lu$t qu6c gia

-Chu thl cua LQT: U c^c thuc th6 tham gia ho|lc co thl tham gia vk quan h| ma LQT di^u

chinh

-Quan h^ rak LQT di6u chinh: chinh trj, xa h^i, 15nh th6, bien gidi, bi6n, Unh sg, ddn cu

v^ chd ySu U quan h^ chinh trj

-Khi tham gia v^o cac quan h nay thi c^c chu thi cua LQT c6 quy^n v^ nghta vy do LQT

quy dinh

-Chd thl ca ban va chu ylu la cdc qu6c gia, ngoai ra con co c4c din t6c dang ddu tranh

gi^nh dc Up t6 chdc qu6c tl lien chinh phu va cac thuc thl d^jc bi$t khdc

-Thoa thu^n vdi nhau bang cdch: ki vdi nhau cdc dilu udc qudc tl, thira nh^n tap quan QT

•B6i tugng dilu chinh cua LQT khac vdi d6i tugng dilu chinh cda Lu|t qudc gia:

B6i tugng dilu chinh cua LQT chinh la quan h^ giOa cac chu thl cda LQT

<^vCac mdi quan h| thu^c dilu chinh cua lu^t qudc tl U nhOng quan h^ phat sinh

trong moi Hnh vyc chinh trj, kinh tl, xS h$i vugt khoi ph^m vi lanh thd cua cacqudc gia

•=> NhQng quan hg nay chi phat sinh giQa cac qudc gia va cac chu thl khac cua luat

qudc tl ma thdi

•CM thl cua LQT khdcvdi chu thl cua lut qudc gia : •

D Chu thl trade tien va ca ban cua Lua^^ qudc tl la ede qudc gia cd chu quyln

D Cac dan tpc dang ddu tranh gianh dgc lap

0 Cac td chuc qudc tl lien chinh phu (lien qudc gia)

D M6t vai thuc thl khac (Cdc vung lSnh thd, Vatican)

•Vl phuomg thuc thuc thi phap luat:r

•=> |LQT khdng cd ca quan cu5ng chl thi hanh phap lua^

KHAI LUAN CHUNG VE LUAT QUOC TE

Chuorng I

=> Do cac chu thi LQT thda thuan' dl dp dung ddi vdi cac qudc gia vi phym (cd thi

thda thudn trudc ma cung cd thi thda thugn sau)

=> Md rdng: Qudc gia A lain qudc giaB ra tda nhung tda dn chi xu ly vu viic khi

cdAvdB ddng y vdi viic khdi lain

** Lap luan:-•

Vg phdp lugt qudc gia: vigc thyc thi phap lugt dugc thuc hign mot each tgp trung, thing nhit _

thdng qua ede co quan cd syr lign quan, phii hgp vdi nhau nhu quan ddi, co quan kilm sdt, tda dn Nhdm dam bao vigc thuc thi phdp lugt cung nhu dam bdo cho phap lugt dc tdn trgng ;'

Vg phap lugt quic tl: Khdng cd co quan chuygn bigt ldm nhigm vy dim bdo thi hdnh lugt quic ,

teTQuan hg quoc~tl~trudc tign vd chu ylu la quan hg gifta cac quic gia dgc lgp cd chu quyln vd '

binh ddng vdi nhau vl mgt phdp If (nlu cd co quan cudng chl rigng bigt sg dnh hudmg, vi phym

din sy binh ding gida ede quic gia) Hon hit, cac nguygn tie vd quy pham cua LQT do ede quoc 5>^ gia (chu thi LQT) thda thugn vdi nhau xdy dyng ngn (dya tren nguygn tie, co so ty nguygn Id chu > ^

-ylu) => dl cuomg chg thi chinh nhung chu thi cua LQT phdi cung nhau thyc hign.\ ' Khdng cd co quan nao in djnhjno^chjjdLhOu higu de bdo vg ede qui phym Lugt quic ti Cdc ]S^^ ^;quic gia tham gia thda thugn xay dyng ede nguygn tie vd qui phym cua Lugt quic ti cd trdch ^^ / " ^?*nhigm thda thugn qui dinh ede bign phdp cudng chl rigng le hay tgp thi vdi dilu kign phdi tudn ^s^ \thu cac nguygn tie co ban cua Lugt quic tl.?

Trong trudng hgp khong cd thda thugn vl bign phdp cudng chl, ede quoc gia cd quygn dp dung

ede bign phdp cudng chl rigng le hogc tgp thg

•^ BI$N PHAP CHE TAI khdc vdi phdp lugt quic gia: do chinh ede chu thi cda •" '; *LQT ty thuc hign md khdng thdng qua bit ki co quan trung gian nao khac .VIDU: LIEN HOP QU6C' V

Mi^c dich thdnh lap LHQ: Dam bdo khdng dl xdy ra xung ddt vu trang vd ede xung ddt

-khac din din xung ddt vu trang Nlu xdy ra thi khdi phyc lyi.' ^

•Phan bigt ti chdc lign chinh phu vdi ti chdc quic ti phi chinh phu (thdnh vign)/ ) ^ ^ ^

** Tl chdc quic tl lign chinh phu: Khi thdnh vign cua ti chdc dd Id ede chu thi cua LQT.*4\ •^^ •^Chd thi cd quyln nang h^n chl Chi cd chdc ndng vd nhigm vy trong linh vyc nhit djnh! -""'"" "' ""' ^

** Td chdc quic tl phi chinh phd:^ v.s^v,^^s -Cffc&utdch^^cLHQ:'};y.^ ^, ^,

•Dyi hgi ddng: 193 thanh vidnKy hQp: Ngay thd 3 tuin thd 3 cda thang '

9^Thdo lugn moi vin dl trd vin dl hda binh vd an ninh TG: "'

=> Cac vin dl thdng qua chi cd gid tri kiln nghj, khdng bit bugc trd nghj quylt vl

vin dl hdnh chinh vd tdi chinh.:,

•Hdi ddng bdo an LHQ:

Comment [WU4]: Theo di^u 42 thi LH^ sS dung vu lvc vdi TQ n6u Nghi quyit cua HDBA dugc ihdng^w^^Ma

TQ chic cu phu quy^t nen NO s^ ' * khong bao gib dc thong qua

Comment [WC31: Cac nuoc BNA khong cip visa cho cong dan cic nude

I o da ky hi?p udc "Cong dan

, du lich d cac nude SNA" -

Comment [WU2]: Balestine khong dugc cong nhan la qudc gia do khong c612nh thd xic dinh, ltinh th6 dang co

sv tranh chSp vdi Isarel

i sao c6 ngoai giao "b6ng ban" => Dung thS thao d^ thi^t l^lp quan hego^u giao => M^ vs Trung Qu6c

h^ nao la ^^?^=> La^^iy phep cua nude chu nha chq phep ngu^ nuoc „ngoai nhap c^nh vapnudeminh vdi thdi gian eg thS, xac dinh

Xenprad^camTugc Kuaa^^> HDBA dung vu lgcydi Irad17/02/1979 luc llh trua Trung Qudc dua quan sang x^m luge VN majHDBAKHdNG dung vu lite vdi TQl?_

Di^u 27 => DOUBLE VETO (phu quyet 2 Ian) => ndm NQ vao SQt r^c

H6NG thay d6i dg thao hien chuomg do 5 nude sogn thao la 5 nudeddng minh chiin thing chiin tranh => No phai d$t lgi ich cua minh lenhang diu, bao v^ quy^n va lgi ich cua chinh minh

+ Lien bang CHXHCN X6 Viit

+ Lien hifp Vuong qudc Anh va Bic Ailen

+ Hgp chung qudc Hoa Ky

+ Phap

+ KH0NG cd nhi^m ky [Cgng hoa Trung Hoa trong LHQ: trade 1971 la CH

Trung Hoa do chinh quydn Tudng Gidi Thgch cim diu Sau 1971 la Cgng hda nhSn

-dSn Trung Hoa do Mao Trgch Bdng cim diu]

** Uy vidn khdng thudng true: Sd lugng 10

•^ Nghj quyit cua Dgi h^i ddng KH0NG bit budc (trd tai chinh vs hahh chinh)

^> Nghj quyit cua Bgi hgi ddng Bao An la BAT BU0C (vi dg: Nghj quydt Cim ^ /

vn Trilu Tidn 2003, 2006,2013,2013 va 2016 - thyc hifn ciromg chl TriiuTien bdi tap the LHQ- dung dau Ik Dai hgi ding Bao an do Trieu Tien di

•'"vi pham Hi?p udc Cam sir dung vu khi hat nhan)

!!!!!! Nguy^n tic cua hip udc: Khdng mgt qudc gia nao cd quyin sd dgng vQ khi hat nhan, \,

khdng dugc ph^t tridn chung trit 05 qudc gia la uy vidn thuong trpc cua Bgi hdi ddng bao an

LHQ mdi dugc sd hdu => Do anh hudng h^u qua cua chidn tranh lanh Dugc giai trd quan bj va ,

sd dgng ky thuat hat nhan cho mgc dich hoa binh

- ^iiu kign di dugc cdng nh^n la mgt qudc gia (Cong udc Montevideo) , *

-Co tinh bdt bu6c chung (jus cogens)

-C6 tfnh ph6 biSn

-Co tinh k^ thua khoa hoc

-C6 m6i quan h| tuongh lin nhau trong m^t chinh th th6ng nhdt

3.YnghTa

-Ld hat nhdn cua toan b h$ thdng Lu^t qu6c te

-La co so phdp ly d6 giai quy6t ede tranh chip qu6c ti

4.H^ thong cac nguyen tfic co ban cua LQT

f Cam dimg vu l\tc va de dpa dung vu lure trong quan h^ qu6c tk

1|Gidi quyit tranh chip qudc t^ bdng biSn phdp h6a blnh

f Khdng can thiep vao c6ng vifc n6i b cua nhau

^C6nghIavyhoptdcvdinhau

fCdc dan t$c binh ding vd c6 quyin tu quyet

Cdc quic gia binh ding vi chu quyen

Ton tr^ng ede cam kit quic tl (Pacta sunt servanda) [ Thuc hiSn nhilng gi minh ky kit m^t

edeh tan tarn, thifn chf vd diy du]

Phln'tfch: ' ' ''•

a- Nguyen tac Pacta sunt servanda: mSi quic gia c6 nghia vu phdi thuc hi^n mt edeh t|n

tim, thien chi vd ddy duede cam kit quic ti cua minh

Khong dugc ki kit dieu udrc QT mdi mdu thuan vdi nghTa vy cua minh trong dilu udc QT

dd ky voi qu6c gia khde

••

Chung minh nhdn d\nhi

-LQT hiqn dqi dd thay ddi hodn todn vi CHAT so v&i LQT cii (vi cd chu thi Idn quy ,

phqm - so sdnh cu vd m&i)

^> M& rdng: Ngdn sdch cua LHQ dong theo ngh\ quyit cua Bqi h$i ding, dyta tren

tong scan pham quSc npi—-Cdmvan-Chi tdi cho quic gia vi phym dieu udrc quic te => |=> Thong qua NQ =>

w Dung vu lye^plSding^THif* ThongquaNQ^ , 'imlO ding y md 5 khong ding y L Khdng thong qua NQ, bai bd

II Cac nguyen tic cor ban cua Luat quic te,- ^ ~ ^

1 Khdi niem: Cdc nguyen tic co ban cua LQT la nhOng quy phym phdp lu^t mang tinh chi

d^o bao trhm vd cd gid trj bit buyc chung ddi vdi cdc chu thl tham gia quan h| phdp lu|t ^^^"? ^

quic tiI „

1Vi^e c6ng nhdn \i chu th6 ctia LQT

Comment [WU5]: The Decree of Peace (26/10/1917) : du no cbua phai

la quy pham cua LQT nhung la ca sa hinh thanh.

Khi hiep udc cua 15 quoc gia

"Kellogg-Briand" ra ddi thi tai dieu 2 (HCLHQ c^ng ghi nh^n d diiu 2) => Hi6n chuang LHQ ra ddi n3m 1946 vd ciing chinh la thdi di^m LQT hien dai xudt hi6n => Spr thay ddi hoan toan v6 chdtsovdiLQTcu.-,

•^smm

•Ddi hoi cdc cam ket qu6c ti phai dugc thgc hign mt each trgn ven

•G6p phdn giup cho cdc quic gia ky ket thuc hien hiep udc mt each dung d^n,

thufintign, d&y duvatitdgp

Tin Van Cong lam theo cam kit sd liti 3 xd dii vdi Sd Thdnh Vuomg

, -/fNgoailf:'••'

•Neu diiu udc QT dc k^ kit vi pham nhung quy djnh cCia cdc quic gia tham gia vi

•thlmquyinvathutycls^kit^^^ ^1 ^,,„^.^

•Noi dung cua diiu udc trdi vdi miic dich va nguyin tie cua Hiin chuohg LHQ hoc

nhung nguyen tie ca ban cua LQT

•Diiu udc QT dc ky kit khdng d\ra tren ca sd tu nguyen vdbinh ding vi quyin va

nghlavp

•Nhung diiu kien thi hanh cam kit qudc ti da thay ddi mgt each ca ban

•M^t bin khdng th\rc hiin nghlavp cda minh

*• Trudng hgp xay ra chiin tranh

==> KH6NG GIUP DO NHAUMQT CACH THI^ N CHI, T^N TAM DlTQiC !!!!!!!

b.Nguyin the "Cdc d&n tgc binh Mng, tyt gidi quyif : Cac dan t$c dugc diing mgi bien

phdp di giai phdng mlnh khoi dch no lg, bj thing trj, bj li thuc bdi mt din tie khde

Ddng thdi cac chu thi khac co nghla vu giup dd cac din tgc dd

Vf dg : Cdc dan tc thiiu si d Tay Nguyin ddi thdnh ldp nhd nude Di Ga tg trj => Tuy

nhiin day khdng dugc cdng nhan la dan tQc dang ddu tranh gianh doe lap (ly do d dudi)

l [Thdi diimnao.LQThiin dtii xudthiin ???_

c.Nguyin the " Cdc quocgia binh ddng vi chu quyin" : dugc ghi nhan ddu tien trong hiep

udc West Phalia (1648 d cdc nude Thiin chua gido

-18561: binh ding gifla cdc quic gia vdn minh => vdn minh thi phai cd thuic dja vd phai

dugc cdc quic gia van minh khac cdng nhan

-1945 2: LHQ: ghi nhan s\r binh ding giua cdc quic gia ua chugng hda binh

Mdrdne:

M Lu^t quic ti hiin d^i trai qua 3 giai dogn (Development of Internaltional law)

-Cycle of Christian States.

-Cycle of Civilization States

-Cycle of Peace*- LovingStates"

W Lu^t quic te hidn dtu cd tir Hiin chuomg LHQ

Comment [WU9]: Dflng vfl lye hay

de dpa dflng vfl lye clji xuat hidn d LQThidn dpi TMedLQThipndyitill vide ty vd chi dupe chip nhn va hpp phap khi cd qufln dpi nude khac sang xSm lupc va chdng trd lyi mdt each

Comment [WU81: Ly ThudngKidt CThai flv Hfln^ ^\X Qu6c Cdng- ngudi dtog dau quan ddi cd nude) vdi vide dem qu^n danh quan tong trudc I^ ty

vd vi thdi didm d6 chua^xult hidn LQTs

••-•' .\

Comment [WU7]: Dung lye lupng quan sy tin cdng vdo cac lye lupng vfl trang (hai, lye, khdng quan) ho$c cac t^u thiiydn vfl phuong tidn bay cua e^e quoc gia khac; Su dyng lye lupng quan

sy ddng tren lflnh tho qudc gia khac theo thda thuan, nhung da vi phym cac didu kidn neu trong thda thu^n cung nhu keo.d^i thai hyn ddng qu^^n tai nude ay; Cac hanh dpng cua quoc gia tyo dieu kipn cho phdp qudc gia khac

su dyng 13nh thd cua minh de chuin bi mpt cupc tan cdng xam lupc chong lyi quoc gia thd ba; Bua cdc nhdm vfl trang ho^c linh danh thud vao lanh thd qudc gia khac d^ thyc hipn cac hoat ddng quta sy chdng qudc gia nay

Comment [WU6]: Dung l^e lupng vfl trang xdm nhap ho^c tan cdng chiim ddng l^nh thd lanh thS aia qudc gia khac, hoSc thm chi la cupc bao vay quan s\r du ngin hay dai ndu no la ket qua cua vipc dung lye lupng vu trang trong chi^mddng, thdn tinh toan bd hay mpt phln ISnh thd cua qudc gia khac;

Sy khdng kich bang lye lupng vO trang ho5c sii dyng bit kj' vfi khi nao v^o lanh tho quoc gia khac; Dung lye lupng vfl trang phong tda hdi c^ng hogc bd bi^n qudc gia khac;

:- f- ~) r l,

'<-d NguySn tic " C&m dung vU life vd de dpa ddng vd lire"^ '

-Sir hinh thanh va phdt triln"- ;

-Khdi niem vu luc trong quan hf qulc tl: Vu lyre Id sue mynh vu trang dimg d! chlng Isti • J

qulc gia ddc l|p cd chu quyln Vide dimg cac phuong ti#n khdc nhu kinh tl, chinh trj chi ;

dugrTcoTRrciung vu lytfneiFkdt qua ctiia no dan den vide stir dyng vu lye.' ,'^•

-Khdi nipm de dpa dung vu lyre: t^p trung quan di vdi si lupng ldm ngay tyi bidn gidi gidp tf[

vdi qulc gia khdc, t(Lp trdn d bidn gidi nhlm bilu duomg lyre luong de dpa qulc gia lang "f

gilng; gtiri tli h&u thu de dpa qulc gia khdc v v => La nhang hanh d^ng stir dung luc •

luong vu trang nhung khdng nhlm tin cdng xam lupc.•,.'

-Khai nim xim luac: [cd 2 dinh^nghla^ _/

-Ndi dung cua nguydn tie bao gdm:;

•Clm xim chilm linh thd qulc gia hoac dimg vu lye vu trang vudt qua bien gidi

tien vao lanh thd cua qulc gia khac;

•Clm cho quan vuat qua cac gidi tuyln qulc tl (gidi quyln ngfimg bin ho^c gidi

tuyln hda giai)

^ • Clm cdc hanh vi de dpa, trln dp blng vu luc

•KJidng cho phdp cac qulc gia khdc dung ldnh thl cua mlnh d! tiln hanh xdm luac ^

nude thu ba[

-•Clm tl chuc, khuyln khich, xiii giuc, giup da hay tham gia vao ndi chiln hay cac =

hanh vi khung bl tai cdc qulc gia khac;

•Khdng td chuc hodc giiip da cdc nhdm vu trang, linh danh thud ddt nhap vao phd [

hoai trong lanh thl qulc gia khdc ,

-Cdc trudng hap ngoai 1:h ]r,-.rC^ rv, hi cyvJ^r •

\ • Cdc dan tdc dang dlu tranh gianh doe lap'.^F t&f./

Hdi ding bao an LHQ tyi Didu 42/ /'

Khi mt qulc gia bi xam luge thi dupe dung vu luc dl ty v^ (Didu 51) |f*jj|['/'

Dung vu luc dl chlng khung bl —) i !<u\ ^u •;,'"^ ^>• ^•-•'•'

Hinh thanh tir tip quan QT

=> KO cd dilu udc QT cy thl

Chinh phu mdi

m The nao la mot dan toe dang dau tranh gianh dpc lap

Dieu kien 1: Thu6c 1 trong 3 tnrdng hop sau :

-Dan toe thudc dia hay le thupc

-D^n toe sing dudi chi dp phin biet chung tpc!

-Dn tc s6ng dudi syr thing tri cda nude ngoai

Dieu kidn 2: Co ca quan Utah dao dung len dlu tranh

Dc thi6t lap a cac QG ko theo HP cua LHQ

Nguyen tdc "Gidi quyet nhung tranh chap quSc te bang bienphdp hda binh"

Khdi nigm: Tranh chip qudc tg (dispute) la nhilng vin dg phdt sinh giOa cdc chu thd cua

Lugt quoc td vd nhilng bat ddng vd cdc vin dg co ban cua quari'hg qudc t~cung^hu cdc y

kidn khdc nhau trong vigc gidi thich didu ubc qudc td.,'

•Tinh thd (situation) Id khdi nigm rgng hon tranh chip, thubng thign vd chinh trj

Gidi quydt tranh chip qudc te bing t6a dn^;T6a an qudc td: Tda dn qudc td Id nhilng co quan t|ij)hdn qudc td thubngjrucjiiigc thdnh *.,^lgp nhdm myc dich gidi quydt cdc tranhjihipjjudctijrgn co soLuat qudc td (-

D Tda dn qudc td-cda-t^g)frtigpqudc (ICJ: International Court of Justice) (1946) D Tda dnX ,|X*qudctdvdlugtbidn- s ^V XX

D Tda dn Chdu Au'^^-X "X:J "

D Tda dn nhdn quydn Chau Auy^

D Tda dn d^c bigt: Tda dn d^c bigt Id cdc tda dn do cdc qudc gia vd Hgi ddng bdo an Lign |^"' hgp qudc thdiihilpjd^xgt xu eaert^i phym vd chidn tranh:^.| ^

'^-D Tda hinh sy qudc tg (International Criminal Court - ICC)(2002) 'X^ ^,

D Tda dn qudc td Nuremberg (1945-1946)f^r.> ;X

D Tda dn qudc td Tokyo.;v"X >^ • ^

-D Tda dn hinh sy qudc tdvd Nam Tucu (1993)^ X' X^^

D Tda dn hinh sy qudc td vd Rwanda.^ ' |lGidi quydt tranlLchip qudc td blng trpng tdi ?

Trong tdi qudc td Id co quan tdi phdn qudc td do cdc bgajranhdiip thda thu^n thdnh lap

hoacthiranhan;

D Tham quydn cua trpng tdi qudc td dupe in dinh trong cdc didu khodn trgng tdi hogc :;

trong cdc didu ubc qudc td vd trgng tdi;

D Co quan trpng tdi dupe thdnh lgp dd gidi quydt tranh chip c6 thd Id nipt cd nhdn (trgng

tdi cd nhdn) hoyc mgt sd cd nhdn (trgng tdi t^p thd) Ndu Id trgng tdi tgp thd thi sd trgng tdi bao gib cung Id sd lg;-

.-D Uu

didm:' '^-D Cdc bgn tranh chip dupe quydn lya chgn trgng tdi vign cho tbng vy tranh chip' -

.-D Thutycthubnglinhhoytvdmdmdeo^ ^ - " V^^ N^i dung cua nguygn ticX ^ ^^ ^V, '

•Cdc qudc gia cd nghia vy gidi quydt cdc tranh chip chi bdng phuong phdp hoa binh IX•'>.""' • Cdc qudc gia c6 quygn lya chgn nhung phuong phdp hoa binh cy thd nhu ddm - phdn, didu tra, trung gian, hba gi^u, trgng tdi, tda dn, thbng qua cdc td chuc ho^c |tjX - '

higp djnh khu vyc ho^c bang nhilng phuong phdp hba binh khdc md cdc bgn ty k,M^k?^ ^^chgn • • :'^ 1-^ i,*^ ^- ,-

•Cdc qudc gia gidi quydt tranh chip jrgn^o sb binh ding vd chu quydn, hidu bidt vd "^^" •tbn trgng lin nhau

Comment [WU11J: ICC (International Criminal court) thtoh ,- lgp nSm 1998 gdm 124 thanh vien Sau d6 Nga nit con 123 members

g Nguyen tdc " Cac quSc gia cd nghia vu hop tic voi nhau "

-Mang tinh chinh tri

-Cac qudc gia c6 nghla vu hop tic voi nhau dl duy tri hoa binh va an ninh qudc td

-Hpp tic giai quyet trong van dd toan clu nhu bao vf quydn con ngubi vi cic quyen tu do

'^***) Ngoai I^:

/ Nguyen tic "Khdng can thiep vao cdng vi^c ngi b$"

-Khii niem: cdng vif c ndi b la nhung cdng vif c thupc thim quydn cua mi qudc gia dfc

lap xuit phit tir chu quyfn cua minh Cdng vif c ndi bp cua qudc gia bao gdm vifc ddi nf i

lln ddingoyi >

-Cichthiic:

•Ap dyng true tidp: dimg ip lyre quan syr, chinh trj, kinh te

•Ap dung giin tidp: sir dyng cic bifn phap quan sir, kinh te - tii chinh khuyen

khich cic phin tu phi hoai ho^c khung bd nhim myc dich lyy dd chinh quyfn mft ^

each hop phip^

-Npi dung:.-.-.;

•Cim dung hinh thurc can thiep vu trang vi cic hinh thuc can thiep, de dpa khic ',

nhim chdng lai quydn nang chu thd hoic ndn tang chinh tri, kinh td, vin hda cua

-qudc gia khic

•Khong dupe buQC cic qudc gia khic phai phy thupc vio kinh td, chinh tri, van hda ^

cua qudc gia minh bang bat ki bifn phip naoj

•Cim td chdc, khuyfn khich hay giup dd cic nhdm vu trang hoyt dpng phi hoyi, H

Ikhdng bd tren lSnh thd qudc gia dd

•Tdn trpng quydn cua cic qudc gia vf vifc lya chpn che dp chinh trj, kinh td, v8n

hda, giio due, x& hfi

-Ngoai If:

Tai qudc gia nio do ndu cd xung dot vu trang hoyc xung dot keo dai cd kha ning din ddn xung

dot vu trang thi HDBA cd quyfn can thiep blng:

•Cim vin (Didu 41 Hidn chuong LHQ)

•Ding vu lye (Difu 42 Hidn chuong LHQ)

Tai mot qudc gia nao do vi phym nghidm trpng nhin quyfn (tpi ic dift chung, tdi ic chidn tranh,

-tfi gift ngudi hang loat) thi HDBA cd quyfn can thifp

•Cim van

•Ddng vu lye

•Thanh lap tda hinh sy dye bift xdt xu cdng dan cua qudc gia do

ii quat chung

1 Khai nifm :

•Nguln thuc dinh: la cac quy phijim phdp lut quoc te do ede chu thi cua LQT thda

thuln vdi nhaulcay~dvrng nlnt(dilu ude qulc tl) hoac thira nh^in tdp qudn quoc tl

tren co sd t\r nguy|n vd binh ding, co chiic nang dilu chinh true tiep ede quan h|

phdt sinh giOa ede chu the cua LQT

•Ngulnhinh thucild nhOng tu tudng chinh trj- phdp ly qulc tl dugc thi hign trong

ede nguy&i tie chung cua phap lu^t dugc ede qulc gia, ddn tc thira nhdn => C6

gid trj djnh hudng tu tudng cho qua trinh xay dung vd thuc thi luat qudc te cua ede

chu thi LQT trong thgc tiln

.2 Co sd phap ly vd ede loai nguon cua LQT:

Dgc dilu 38 Quy chl Toa dn C6ng ly qulc tl (trang 93 gido trinh)

Dura tren Dilu 38 ta thly nguln cua LQT co hai lo^i: nguln thanh vdn vd nguln bit thdnh vdn

<^ • Nguln thanh vdn: Id ede nguyen tie, quy ph^m ph^J^^Lqulc tl chira dimg trong

ede dilu udc qulc tl song phucmg vd da.phugng da thilt l(tp n^n ede nguySn tie

NGUON CUA LUAT QUOC TE

/••

"=> Hgp tdc dl ciing nhau phdt triln di len, xay dgng mgt thi gidi thjnh vugng, tiln

bg vd hoa binhDin chime: Sau chiln tranh thi gidi thii II thi My vd Thiiy Sy thanh l^p IBRD (Internaltional

Reconstruction and developed) => Quy tiln chu ylu ddnh cho chau Au ddng vdo vigc tai thiSt l^i

dlt nude sau chiln tranh Cho vay vdi ldi suit thlp sau 05 ndm thi Chau Au da hoan thdnh vd ^

khdng mugn ntta Sau dd thi tl chuc ndy phdt triln thdnh WB (World Bank) la ngan hang thi gidi ^

cho ede nude di vay dl phdt triln dlt nude, ,

Su phat triln cua ede qulc gia dugc phan thdnh 4 b^c nhu sau:

-Trinh d cao => KO dugc mugn tiln

-Trung binh cao

-Trung binh thlp"'

-Kern phat triln

•=> Cdn cut vdo dilu tren dl cho mugn tiln 11

•if!

Comment f\VTJ13]: C6n c6 nhung ngudn b6 toy cho LQT nhu \k an 1$, cdc hoc thuyit cua nhtog chuyen gia c6 chuyen m6n cao nhit

(Co trgng lucmg hem mdt chut, dityc uu tien dp dung)

-Niu cd hai lo^i cung quy djnh m^t vifc gi dd thi uu tidn dp dung Biiu udc QT vi nd d

dang v&n ban nen de ap dpng va thuc thi

II Bieu udc quoc ti

1.Khdi nifm: Biiu udc QT Id vdn ban phdp lu^t qudc ti do cac chu thi cua LQT thda

thufta Id kit trdn co sd tp nguydn, binh ding nhim thiit I^p nhung quy tic phap ly

bit bu$c di in dinh, tliay ddi hoc huy bd nhung quyin vd nghia vp vdi nhau (Biiu

2 Cdng udc Vienna 1969 vd Luft ky kit, gia nhfp vd thpc hidn diiu udc QT cua

VNnam2005)

2.Bieu kifn de (dieu udc QT) trd thdnh nguon cua LQT

-Phai dugc ky kit phu hgp vdi guy dinh cua phap luat ddi vdi cdc bdn ky kit vi thim quyin

vd thu tuc ky kit

-Phai dugc k^ kit tren co sd hodn toan tp nguyfn vd binh ding vi quyin yd nghia vp cua

ddi ben."^'

-Phai cd n^i dung phu hgp vdi nhung nguydn tic co ban cua LQT

-Vi hinh thuc: phai bing vdn bdn

3.Chu thi

-Phai la chu thi cua luat qudc te

4.Hinh thuc

a Tingpi

• Php thuoc vdo thda thuan cua cdc ben.

-Cd thi cd mdt sd tdn khdc nhau nhu Id: hidp udc, cdng udc, dinh udc, hgp ddng^ nghj djnh

thu, hidp dinh, hda udc, thda udc, quy chi, thda hidp

=> Theo thong If quic ti ngdy nay thi:

•Hiinchuong, hiep udc, cdng udc thudng la nhung diiu udc da phuong, toan ciu

•Hiep d|nh, hidp udc, hda udc, thda udc, thda hidp chu yiu Id diiu udc song phuong

•Nguon bit thdnh van: la cac tap quan QT va cac nguyen tic phdp lupt chung dugc

cac ddn tgc van minh thua nhdn [

•Cac loai chinh cua ngudn LQT

Biiu udc qudc ti

Tap qudn qu6c ti

Nhung nguydn tic chung cua lu$t

Cac phan quyet cua toa an

Cdc hgc thuyit vi Ludt qudc ti

Nghi quyit cua cac td chuc qudc ti lidn quoc gia

3 Gia tri phap ly vd gia trj dp dung cdc loai nguon cua LQT

Biiu udc OT vd tap quan QT c6 gia trj phap ly ngang bing nhau

• Cae dli tupng khauphai co thu uy

^f

^ Nhftng dgji di^^a cac qudc^ia dupe ^y quyln ^^iiaft hfi nghi •• quic tl hodc t^i mOMo chuc quoc tl hoc t^i mpt ca quar^cua to chuc nay, trong vif c thoyg qua v5n ban cda mft dilu ul^trbng hfi nghi d6, trong tl ^tfr^d^hay trong oa quan

Comment (WU14}: D^i difn duong nhien: ••^

-Cdc nguy^n fliu qulc gia, ngu&i dung dlu chinh phu vd B6 trudng Bf Ngoai giao trong mpi hanh dpng lien quan den vifc ky ket dieu udc;

- C^j^trudng dodn ngoai giao trong vif c fadhg qua vdn ban cuam^t difu udCgiOtaqulc giacd va^qudc giaL^ cong cy, phuang tif n quan trpng dl duy tri vk tang cudng ede quan hf hgp tac qulc tl

gitta ede chu thl; ":•

Ld dam bdo phdp ly quan trgng cho quyln lgi^vd lgi ich hgp phdp cua chu thl LQT;

Ld cong cy dl xdy dyng khung phdp luft qulc tf hifn dyi, cung nhu dl tiln hdnh hifu qud

vif c phdp diln hda LQT

e Trlnh tu ky kit diiu udc QT

frhani quyln ki kite Id ede qulc gia, ede tl chdc thl^i^ hojjc i^tog chu the d^c bift khdc j

Trinh ty ki kit: Chia ra lam 2 giai doyn

• Dam phdn, soyn thao, thdng qua

Hif p udc (treaty) Id vdn ban cam kit giita cdc chu thl vl vif c giai quylt mgt si vln dl cy

thl ( Hif p udc khong phi biln vu khi hyt nhan)

Nghj djnh thu (protocol) ld mgt dl xult dugc cdc chu thl ky kit dingy, mang tinh chit

nln tang, djnh khung trong mft vln dl nhlt djnh, hoyc Id vdn ban sua dli mgt dilu udc

QT khdc (Nghj djnh thu Kyoto )

Cong udc (convention) Id thda thufn cua cdc chu thl vl quy tic xu sy chung dli vdi cdc ^

vln dl phat sinh, cd nhilu nude tham gia (Cdng udc Tokyo 1963, cdng udc La Haye

1970, cdng udc Vienna 1961,1963)

Hifp djhh (agreement) la van ban phap quy, dilu chinh mft loyi hay mft nhdm quan hf xd -'

hoi phdt sinh giua cdc chu thl tham gia ky kit (Hif p djnh Geneve)

Hiln chuang (charter) ld ban dilu If cda mgt tl chiic lidn qulc gia cd tfnh chit nln tdng,

dl ra nguyen tic, myc tieu, ca clu tl chdc, dilu kifn gia nhfp,

b Cor cdu: gdm 3 phan chinh^

Phin ldi ndi dlu : glm cd ly do ky kit, myc dich kjl kit, dilu kifn, hoan cdnh(xem ^ '

them dldindi dlu cua Hiln chuang LHQ):

Phan ndi dung chinh: ld phin quan trgng nhlt vdi nhung quy djnh cy thl vl quyln vd

nghTa vu cua cdc bdn tham gia k^ kit vd tham gia dilu udc qulc tl

Phin culi: la phin dl cap cdc ngi dung lidn quan din vif c sua dli, bl sung cdc dilu udc,

thai dilm bit dlu cd hifu luc, khdng gian cd hifu luccua dilu udc QT (xem them

Chuang XVIII vd XIX cua Hiln chuang Lien Hgp qulc)

^> Ngoyi If: cd thl cdn cd mdt si phy lye kem theo

c NgdnngH:

Do sy thda thufn, lya chgn cua cdc ben tham gia

Dilu udc QT dugc so^n thdo bing ngdn ngft dlu la vdn ban gle vd cd gid tri phdp ly nhu

nhau

Cdc DUQT da phuang dugc soyn thao bing ngdn ngO chinh thdc cua LHQ ld tilng Anh,

Phdp, Tdy Ban Nha,Trung Qulc, A Rap vd tilng Nga.•

<L Vk gid tri phdp ly:

Ld hinh thdc phdp Infiteohg^ ohiVa <tyng ^^ q^y pbam LQT; ' ;

Vi dy:

.^*-/ Phanlo^i

Can c6 v^o s6 lu<?ng chu thS tham gia quan hf diSu udc: DUQT song phucrng, da phuong

Can cut vao linh v\rc di^i chinh: diSu udc v6 chinh trj, di^u udc vh kinh te ;

Dua vao pham vi dp dung: di8u udc song phucmg, di^u udc khu v\rc, di^u udc phd c^p

Can cd vao n$i dtmg cua di^u udc qudc ti

Can cut vao muc dich ky kgt dieu udc qu6c tS

Can cd vao chd th^ ky kit dilu udc qulc tl

5 Bao luu dilu udc qulc tl

a.) Khdi ni^m: dilm d khoan 1 Dilu 2 cong udc Vienna 1969

Vl ban chit: bao luu di|u-de-qu6e te la tuyeirb8^dom phuong cua chu thl luat qudc tl khi

tham gia quan h^ dilu: udc Dilu nay nhlm sua dli hodc loai bo tdc dung phap ly (hi^u

Comment IWU15J:

ttr^ng tnmg" (dc quy djnh khac)

hat sinh hif u lire

Ph^ chu^iPhS duyft

Ngay c6 HiSu l\tc PL khac vcri ngay ki

Bl: Dam phanhiepdinh da phuong TPP

B2: Soan thao van ban trong qua trinh dam phdn (trao dli, thao luan)

B3: Thong qua trong qud trinh dam phan (bilu quylt theo da s6: qud ban ( qud 14), % va 2/3

B4: Ky tat (ky vao timg dilu khoan nhung v8n ban do chua phdt sinh hiu l\rc)

B5: Ky dly d^ (chinh thuc) => l^m phat sinh hi6u l\rcf|^

luSng fdi mdi phd chudn, ki kit=> tit cd cdc diiu udc QT song phuong chi cdthi dugc ky kit vd thyc hi&i khi cd sy ding thudn cua hai bdn tham gia => Niumdt ben bdo lira thi thda thudn lai)

=> Chi dp dyng cho diiu udc da phuong niu trong dieu udc do cd quy djnh khdngcim vi^c "bao lira"!•

^P Khdng dugc bdo luu niu bdo lira do khdng phh hgp vdi dii tugng vd myc dichciia diiu udc quic ti••

^.'^> Khdng dugc bao luu nhung diiu khoan khac ngoai nhihig diiu khodn diiu udc

QXchp_ghe^bdoluu

b.Cdc triedmg hpp khdng dupe bdo lieu: (Diiu 19 Cdng udc Vienna 1969)

Xem them Vift Nam chiing ta bdo luu khoan 1 Biiu 35 cudn 2 Cdng udc Vienna 1963

c.Chip nh^nvd phdn doiviec bdo lieu: Xem Diiu 20 cdngu^cVienna 1969

-Vide mgt quic gia chap nh^n bdo luu sS lam cho quic gia di ra vi^c bdo luu trd thdnh mdtben tham gia dieu udcTtrong^c[uan he vdi quic gia dd (khi dieu udc dd cd hieu lye hoac cdhiiu lye vdi cdc quic gia do)

-Vi^c 1 quic gia ndo dd phan dii vide bdo lira se khdng can trd diiu udc cd hi?u lye giuacdc quic gia phdn dii bdo luu vd quic gia db ra bdo luu, tr^ khi quic gia phdn dii bdo lira

da bay td y d|nh ngugc lyi

d.Thd tuc bdo lieu: Xem Diiu 23 Cdng udc Vienna 1969

e.H^ qud phdp 1$: Diiu 21 Cdng udc Vienna 1969 vasdehtrang 119

f.fnghla:

Ddy Id gidi phdp phdp ly di gidi quyit hdi hda lgi ich cua quic gia vdi Igi ich khi tham gia

diiu udc;

-Gdp phin tdng cudng si lugng thdnh vi^n

6 Hif u lye cua diiu udc quoc ti

a Diiu Men co hi$u I^c:

Thu^t ng& "bao luu" dc dp dung chgLdiiiui^SLdanLphiHxn^-bdt ki t^n gpi ndo,

lire) ciia mt hoc mdt so diiu khodn cua m^t ho$c mgt so diiu udc (ma chu thi d6 kh6ngmong muin)

- Vi phuong didn phdp ^^ quic ti: bdo luru BUQTjsertyo diiu Id|njhu3iyfiijcha-6ae b&itham gia thyc hifn diiu udc m^t each tit nhdt vi trong mdTdilirudc QT c6 thi c6 1 ho^c 1

i

-DiSu udc da phuang ndu co m^t qulc gia n&o dd dan phuem^ huy bd DUQT thi diiu udc db s€ hfit hi$u luc vdi ben huy bd ma vSn con hiu lye ddi vdi nhflng bdn khdng tuydn

bd huy bo

Comment [WU161:

-Dieu udc song phuongniu m$t ben dan phuang huy bo hi^u life eua DUQT thi DUQT dd cung s5 chim

yJj^^|

Phai c6 noi dung phu hgp vbi nhOng nguydn tie co ban cha Luit quoc tl

b Hieu luc vi thdi gian ~~•

Theft diim co hi$u luc: phu thugc vao sy tHoa thuSn cua cac bdn ky kit diiu u6c QT

Th6ng thubmg, cac DUQT ma e^e qulc gia thoa thuan khone quv dinh thuMtuc phd chuin

ho^c phe duyft sg ph&t sinh hieu luc sau khi kv chinh thurc ;

•Diiu udc song phuang: se phat sinh hieu lye kl tir khi hai ben trao doi v3n kign phe

chuin hoiic phd duydt cho nhau Trong trubnghgp d^cbi|t thi cd thi ph^t sinh hi|u

luc ngay sau khi hai bSn ky kit trao dli thong bao hoic chip nhan diiu ki|n r^ng

budc cua diiu udc.

•Diiu udc da phuong: c6 nhilu each de xac dinh thbi diim co hieu luc Tren thuc ti,

cac qudc gia thucmg thoa thuan lua chon thbi diem phat sinh hieu lye cua dieu udc

qulc ti theo hai each chu yeu sau day:

+ Mot la khi c6 dii si lugng thanh vien cin thiet phe chuin hoc phS duyft thi diiu udc

QT s phat sinh hi|u lire.:

+ Hai la khi mot thai gian (30 ngay, 60 ngay, 90 ngay, mot nam ) sau khi dat dugc sd

lugng thanh vi6n phe chuin ho^c ph^ duyft theo thoa thu$n, diiu udc QT sS phat sinh hi|u

luc.

•=> Ddi vdi nhung qulc gia phe chuan, phe duygt, gia nhap diiu udc sau khi diiu

udc QT da phat sinh thi dieu udc dd sS rang bupc cac qulc gia nay vao thai

diim do dieu udc do quy dinh

Thai h(in co hieu luc: co 2 loai la diiu udc cd thai han \k diiu udc vd thai han

•Diiu udc cd thai han: quy dinh ro thai diim cd higu lye va thdi diim chlm dut higu

luc cua diiu udc, thudng la cac diiu udc kinh ti, thuomg mai

•Diiu udc vo thdi han: tuyet dai da si diiu udc qulc tl I^ vd thdi han vi trong diiu

udc chi ghi nhan thdi diim bit diu phat sinh hieu lye ma khdng ghi nh^n thdi diim

cham dut hidu lye md vide hit hi|u lye pfiit sinh dya theo y muin cua cac ben hay

ty d|ng hit hidu luc

<^> Diiu udc quoc ti hit hieu lye theo y muin cua cac bin trong cac truamg hyp

sau day:

+ Mpt la bdi bd diiu udc quic ti: bdi bo diiu udc quic ti Id hdnh vi don

phuong cua mot quic gia tuyen bi diiu udc qulc tl md minh ky kit hodc gia

nh|p hit hi|u lye dli vdi minh vdi diiu ki|n vifc bdi bd dugc ghi nh^n trong

diiu udc quic tl (xem vi dy giao trinh trang 124) -> Thuc tiin cho thiy, diiu

udc QT cung cd thi bi bdi bd nlu ede bdn thing nhit bai bd Hd qua phap ly

gitta huy bd DUQT song phuong vd da phuong la jkhac nhau |

kit vl thim quyln vhPhai dirge ky k^t phu hop vdi qui dinh cua phap ^u|t cua cac ben

thu tuc ky kit;

Phai dirge ky kit tren co