NHẬN ĐỊNH ĐÚNG SAI môn LUẬT QUỐC TẾ

NHẬN ĐỊNH ĐÚNG SAI môn LUẬT QUỐC TẾ CÓ ĐÁP ÁN Câu: Các nguyên tắc cơ bản của Luật Quốc Tế hiện đại là cơ sở cho sự hình thành và phát triển của Luật Quốc tế? Trả lời: Sai Vì những nguyên tắc cơ bản của Luật Quốc Tế hiện đại được ghi nhận trong hiến chương Liên Hiệp Quốc 1945 mà nguồn gốc của Luật Quốc Tế được hình thành từ trong thời kì chiếm hữu nô lệ. Do đó, những nguyên tắc cơ bản của LQT hiện đại làm cơ sở cho sự phát triển của LQT hiện đại chứ không thể là sơ sở cho sự hình thành của LQT

V> DE CU'ONG ON TAP MON LUAT QUOC TE

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^I CAU HOI NHAN BINH.

Cau 1: Hien ehmmg Lien Hop Quoc la hien chirong cua cong dong qude te

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi ban chat cua luat quoc te la sir thoa thuan vi vay hien chuang LHQ chi rang buoc nhungquoc gia thanh vien ciia no ma thoi, khong rang buoc nhung quoc gia khong tham gia Vi vay khongthe coi la hien phap cua cong dong

Can 2: Nhfrng ca quan nhir TA quoc te, WTO, TAQT ve luat biln, TAQT ve nhan

quyen, HBBA LHQ deu cd quyen thuc hien bien phap eirdng che cria LQT

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi chi co HDBA LHQ la ca quan thuc hien bien phap cirong che cua LHQ vi xet theo noidung cua cac dieu 39 40, 41, 42 thi neu xet thay co sir de doa hoa binh co sir pha hoai hoa binh

hoac co mot hanh vi xam luge thi HDBA LHQ co quyen quyet dinli nhftng bien phap dung yu lire

hay khong dung vu luc de giai quyet cac van de tren bat cu luc nao neu xet thay can thiet nham deduy tri hoa binh va an ninh quoc te.y^

Cau 3: Cac nguyen tac co" ban ciia LQT hien dai la cae so* cho sy hinh>thanh va phat

trilncua LQT./ ^

Tra loi: Sai

Vi nhung nguyen tac ca ban cua LQT hien dai dugc ghi nhan trong hien chuang lien hapquoc 1945 ma nguon gdc cua LQT dugc hinh thanh tu trong thai ky chiem huu no le Do do nhungnguyen tac ca ban ciia LQT hien dai chi lam ca sd cho su phat trien cua LQT hien dai chu khongthe iaca sa cho su hinh thanh ciia LQT

Cau 4: Nguyen tac cu ban ciia LQT la quy pham phap luat qudc te.

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi nguyen tac ca ban cua LQT la nhung tu tuong quan diem chinh tri phap ly la ca sd chovice xay dung va hoan tliien PL quoc te con quy pham phap luat qudc te la cac quy tac xir su trongquan he quoc te

Cau 5: Nguyen t^^c cc ban cua LQT cd the bi thay the bdi mot nguyen tSc mm dirge

cong dong qudc te thua nhan

Tra Idi: Bring

Vi ban chat cua LQT la su thda thuan; do do cac quoc gia thda thuan vdi nhau thay the mot

nguyen tac mdi nay cho mot nguyen tac da loi thai thi dugc cong dong thua nhan

Can 6: Qudc gia la chii the co1 ban va chii yeu cua LQT

Tra Idi: Bung

Vi quoc gia la chii the diu tien chit thd trade het xay dung phap luat quoc te Quoc gia cung

la chu thd dau tien cho viec thi hanh phap luat qudc te, quoc gia la chu the ca ban chu yeu trongviec thi hanh bien phap cudng che de man thu ap dung phap luat qudc te qudc gia la chu the duynhat co quyen tao lap ra chu the mdi cua LQT

Can 7: The nhan phap nhan la chu the cua luat qudc te

Tra Idi: Sai

1

Cau 13: Cac td ehurc lien chinh phu khac nhau thi cd quyen nang chii the gidng nhau.Tra loi: Sai.

Vi bod vi quyen nang chii the cua tirng td chuc do hiin chiroug dieu le quy dinh Dac diem

ve trinh tu xay dung quy pham phap luat do chinh cac qudc gia do xay dung, sir hinh thanh quypham phap luat qudc te do thda thuan

Cau 14: Nghi quyet cua td chuc qudc te khdng phai la ngudn ciia luat quoe te

Tra Idi: Dung

Vi the nlian - phap nhan khdng phai la chit the cua luat phap qudc te ma clii la chit the eualuat quoc gia ma thdi vi chi co quoc gia mcri sanh vai vdi quoc gia khac va chi co quoc gia nu'r ,^;pngang hang voi cac quoc gia khac Chu the cua LQT gdm: cac quoc gia co chu quyen, cac dan t^cdiu tranh gianh quyen tir quyet, to chi'rc quoc te lien chinh phu va cac thirc the khac (cac thtrc the vnay cd quy che phap ly dae biet).\ ^* :

Cau 8: Hoi luat gia Dan chu quoc te la to chiic quoc te - chu the ciia luat quoc te hiendai

Tra 161: Sai,^

Vi hoi luat gia la to chirc quoc te phi chinh phii, do do no khong dirge coi la chu the cua luat ,quoc te ma chi co nhfrng to chirc lien chinh phu thanh lap phu hop vdi luat qudc te hien dai mdidirge coi la chu the cua luat quoc te hien dai

Cau 9: To chiirc quoc te la ehu the han che cua LQT

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi to chirc phi chinh phu khong phai la chu the cua LQT Chi co to chirc lien chinh phiidugc thanh lap phu hop vdi luat quoc te mdi la chii the han che vi no do cac quoc gia thda tliuannen va giao cho no thuc hien mot so quyen nliat dinh, do do no la chii the han che cua LQT

Cau 10: Moi dieu iroc quoc te deu la nguon ciia LQT hien dai

Tra loi: Sai

Vi trong quan he quoc te da chiing minh rang bang nhieu thu doan de doa vu lire giua cacqudc gia Ion ddi vdi cac quoc gia nhd tir do ra ddi nhung dieu udc quoc te de dieu chinh cac quan

he quoc te nhung khong phai la ngudn cua LQT hien dai ma chi cd nhung Dl/QT dap ung dugc cac

dieu kien sau mdi trd thanli nguon cua LQT hien dai: Dieu udc dugc ky dung nang lire cua cac ben

ky ket; dieu udc quoe te phai ky ket phu hgp vdi phap luat quoe gia cua cac ben ky ket ve thamquyen va thii tuc ky ket; phai dugc ky ket tren co sd tir nguyen va binh dang Cam ket dira ra phaiphu hgp ve mat hinh thirc; phai phu hgp vdi ngi dung cua cac nguyen tac ca ban cua LQT

Cau 11: Quyen nang chu the luat quoc t dua tren su cong nhan cua eac qudc gia

Tra ldi: Sai

Vi quyen nang chii the la thuoc tinh tir nhien von cd va dugc luat quoc te bao ho dua tren co

sd phap li la nguyen tac quyen tu quyet cac dan toe Trong quyen nang chii the ciia td chirc qudc telien chinh phii la thudc tinh tu nhien vdn co klidng can bat ki su cdng nhan nao

Cau 12: Quyen nang chii the cua moi chu the luat qudc te do chu the do tu' quy dinh.Tra Idi: Sai

Vi ddi vdi td chuc qudc te lien chinh phii, quyen nang chu the ciia no dugc ghi nhan trongvan ban thanh lap nen td chuc do Ma van ban do la do cac qudc gia thda thuan xay dung nen Do

do quyen nang chu the cua td chuc qudc te la do qudc gia quy dinh chu khdng phai tu than no quydinh

Vi nghi quvit cua to chuc phi chiuh phu khdng phai la gudn cht co nghi quyet cua to chirc

lien ehinh phu co th^ la nguon b6 trg cua luat qudc te Co mot so nghi quyet cua to chuc qudc te trdthanh ngudn bc> trg cua LQT, de giai quy^t mot s6 vin de tranh chap Nghi quyet mang tinh chatkhuy^n nghi, mong mu6n cac qu6c gia thanh vien thuc Men, thuc Men den dau la quyen cua moiqudc gia thanh vien khong mang tinh chit bit buoc Nhung nghi quyet khuyen nghi doi khi la co sd

dd trd thanh ngudn cua luat quoc te hay con duoe ggi la nguon bo trg ciia LQT

Cau 15; Moi tap quan quoc te de co nguon goc ciia luat quoc te hieh dai

-Tap quan do phai dugc cac quoc gia thura nhan nhu 1 quy pham phap ly bat buoc Tapquan do phai phu hop vdi noi dung cua nhung nguyen tac co ban cua luat quoc te

Tap quan quoc te trd thanh nguon luat qudc te hien dai khi no dap irng 3 dieu kien tren

16 Nguon luat cua luat quoc te la su* the hien bang van ban nhung thoa thuan gifra cacchii the cua luat quoe te

Tra 161: Sai

Vi nguon cua luat quoc te la nhung dieu udc qudc te the hien hang van ban thi con nguon tirnhung tap quan quoc te

Cau 17: Moi su* thoa thuan deu dan den su* ky ket Dieu udc quoc te

Tra Idi: sai

Vi dieu kien de ky ket 1 dieu udc quoc te phai la chu the cua luat quoc te (tire la phai cacquoc gia co chu quyen, cac dan toe dang ddu tranh gianh doc lap cac to chuc lien chinh phu va 1 sdvung lanh tho) Dieu udc qudc te la thoa thuan quoc te dugc ky ket bang van ban giua cac qu6c gia

va dugc phap luat qudc te dieu chinh du duge ghi nhan trong mot van kien duy nhit ho|c trong 2hay nhieu van kien co lien quan vdi nhau bat ke ten goi la gi Thoa thuan d day dugc hieu la thoathuan giua cac chu the ciia Mat quoc te vdi nhau Con thda thuan giua 1 ben la 1 qudc gia vdi cacphap nhan, the nhan hay thoa thuan dan su giua cac chii the cua phap luat trong nude thi khong danden ky ket 1 Dieu udc qudc te ma chi la hop dong trong nude hoac hop dong quoe te

Cau 18: Thoa thuan la con dudng duy nhat de hinh thanh nguon ciia Luat quoc te.Tra 161: sai

Khong phai moi tap quan phat sinh trong doi song dugc duong nhien la ngudn cua LQT,chi khi nao cac ben thua nhan trong mdi quan he giua cac chii the vdi nhau dugc ket ben thoa thuanthira nhan thi no mdi thanh tap quan quoc te

=> Chi cd nhung tap quan nao ma trong moi quan he giira cac chii the LQT vdi nhau, dugc

ho thda thuan thua nhan de giai quyet vu viec thi tap quan do mdi dugc xem la tap quan quoc tengudn eua LQT giai quyet vu viec giua cac ben Ket Man: thda thuan la con dudng duy nhat de hinhthanh nguon cua LQT la ludn luon dimg Bdi vi ban chat cua LQT la su thda thuan, ma nguon cuaLQT khong chi bao gdm dieu udc ma con bao gdm tap quan quoc te, nen thoa thuan la con dudngduy nhat

Cau 19: Gia sir nhir nhan dinh cho ring, chi co quoc gia moi duoc xem la chii thl ban, chii yeu cua Luat quoc te.

co-Tra 161: Bung

Vi co 3 chii the: quoc gia, to chuc qudc te lien chinh phu, dan toe dang d&u tranh

Cau 20: Chi co quoc gia moi co quyin nang chii the cua Luat quoc te day dii va tronven nhat?

Tra 161: Dung

Vi to chue quoc te la chu the dac biet, co quyen nang han die

Cau 21: Chu quyen quoc gia la 1 thuoc tinh tv nhien von co, chi quoc gia moi co?

Tra 161: Dung

Vi chu quyen quoc gia la quyen tdi cao cua quoc gia trong pham vi lanh thd va quyen ddivdi quoc gia khac -> quyen doc lap ctta quoc gia vdi cac moi quan he vdi cac quoc gia khac Tochue quoc te lien chinh phu khdng co thuoc nang nay

Cau 22: Cong nhan la hanh vi the hien quan diem chinh tri - phap ly cua quoc gia doivoi khi co sir xuat hien chu the moi (quoc gia moi) hoac chinh phii moi tren trurong quoc te

Tra 16i: Sai

Vi co diku iroc quoc te qui dinh can phai phe chuan va do do chua phe chuan, nen chua phatsinli hieu lire thi khong co rang buoc doi vdi quoc gia

Cau 25: Moi tuyen bo dffn phirong deu la tuyen bo bao liru

Tra lcri: Sai

Vi cd rat nhieu tuyen bo don phucmg nhu gia nhap phe chuan, phe duvet cung la tuyen bodan phuang cua 1 quoc gia cong nhan 1 dieu udc quoc te cd hieu lire doi vdi qudc gia minh hay bai

bd dieu irdc quoc te, huy bd dieu udc qudc te cung la tuyen bo don phuang ma qudc gia dua ratuyen bd nay nham chain dut hieu luc cila dieu udc qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia minh

Con bao liru dieu udc qudc te la tuyen bd dan phuang ma cac qudc gia dua ra tuyen bd naynham thay ddi hoac loai tru he qua phap ly cua 1 hay mot so dieu khoan nhat dinh khoan nliat dinhnao do cua 1 dieu udc qudc te

Cau 26: Tuyen bo bao liru dieu iroc quoc te chi thuc hien khi dieu iroc quoc te co hieu

luc.

Tra 161: Sai

Vi qudc gia cd quyen bao liru nhung dieu khoan nhat dinh cita dieu udc (neu dieu udc chophep) trong bat ky giai doan nao cua qua trinh ky ket ddi vdi dieu udc qudc te Trong khi ky phe

chuan, phe duyet hoac ca khi gia nhap dieu udc qudc id Nhu* vay quyen bao luu co the tien hanhngay ca khi dieu udc quoc te chua co hieu lire.

Cau 27: Bao lira dieu uoe qu6c te la 1 giai doan trong qua trinh ky ket dieu uoc quoc

A ^

te.

Tra 161: Sai

Vi bao luu didu udc quoc te khdng phai la 1 giai doan trong qua trinh ky ket dieu uoc quoc

te, ma trong moi giai doan ky ket dieu udc qudc te deu co lien quan den bao luu dieu udc quoc te

Cau 28: Bao lira dieu urdc qude te la 1 quyen tuyft doi

Tra 161: Sai

Vi bao luu dieu udc quoc te la 1 quyen, nhung khdng phai la 1 quyen tuyet doi bdi han dietrong cac van de sau: Quyen bao luru khong duoc thire Men vdi cac dieu udc quoc te song phuong,doi vdi dieu udc quoc te da phuong ma trong do cd dieu khoan quy dinh dieu udc quoc te nay cambao luu thi quyen bao luu khong dupe thuc Men, ddi.vdi dieu udc qudc te chi cho phep bao luu 1vai dieu khoan cu the nao do thi quyen bao luu se khdng dupe thuc Men doi vdi nhung dieu khoancon lai, doi vdi nhung dieu udc cd phep quyen tu do lira chon dieu khoan bao luu cung khong dupethuc Men doi vdi nhung dieu khoan khong phu hop vdi muc dich va doi tupng cua dieu udc

Cau 29: Dieu u'dc quoc te chi co hieu lye sau khi throe cac hen phe chuan

Tra 161: Sai

Vi neu dieu udc quoc te khong can thong qua thu tuc phe chuan hoac phe duyet thi sau khicac ben ky ket chinh thuc thi dieu udc se phat sinh Men luc

Cau 30: Moi dieu irtrc quoc te se phat sinh hieu lye sau khi ky chinh thuc

Tra loi: Sai

Vi cd nliung dieu udc qudc te thong qua sir thda thuan cua cac chu the trong quan he Matqudc te cd dieu khoan quy dinh phai thong qua giai doan phe chuan, phe duyet nham xem xet ky laindi dung cua dieu udc qudc te trudc khi rang budc chinh thuc quyen va nghla vu cua minh trongdieu udc qudc te thi sau khi phe chuan hoac phe duyet dieu udc qudc te do mdi phat sinh hieu luc

Cau 31: Huy bo dieu ode qudc te va bai bo dieu irdc quoc te la giong nhau

Tra loi: Sai

Vi huy bo dieu udc qudc te la tuyen bd don phuong ma qudc gia nham cham dut hieu luc

ciia dieu udc qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia minh ma khdng can su cho phep ctia dieu udc (tuy nhien phai

chung minh ro co sd de tuyen bo huy bd) Con bai bd didu udc quoc tl cung la tuyen bd donphuong nham cham dut hieu luc cua dieu udc qudc te nhung vdi dieu kien phai cd su cho phep cuadieu udc

Cau 32: Tuyen bd don phuung do 1 qudc gia dun ra nham cham dirt hieu lye ciia dieuird'c qudc te la tuyen bd bao lun

Tra loi: Sai

Vi tuyen bd don phuong do 1 qudc gia dua ra trong viec phe chuan phe duyet dieu udc qudc

te thi khdng lam cham dut hieu luc ciia dieu udc qudc te, con tuyen bd bao luu la tuyen bd dimphuong ciia 1 qudc gia dua ra chi nham thay ddi hoac loai trir he qua phap ly cua 1 hay 1 sd dieukhoan nhat dinh ciia dieu udc qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia minh chua khdng dan den cham dut Meu lucciia dieu udc qudc te do Tuyen bd don phuong co the la tuyen bd huy bd hoac bai bd thi mdi chamdirt hieu luc cua dieu udc qudc te

Cau 33: Bao lira dieu uoc quoc te chi co the ap dung sau khi dieu uoc qudc te do duocphe chuan

Vi quyen bao luu dirge thirc hien trong tat ca cac giai doan cua qua trinh ky ket phe chuan,phe duvet dieu udc quoc te Ke ca khi gia nhap Tuy nhien neu dieu udc quoc td quy dinh phai phechuan hoac phe duyet ma bao liru lai dua ra trong nhttng giai doan dau cua qua trinh ky kdt thi khiphe chuan, quoc gia phai nhac lai dieu khoan bao luu Neu khong nhac lai coi nhu khong cd gia tri

he trong linh vuc hgp tac quoc te, thuc hien chinh sach doi ngoai cua moi quoc gia

Cau 35: Cha me la nguoi khac quoc tich, mot trong hai ben co quoc tich Viet nam sinhcon ra se co quoc tich VN

Tra 161: Sai

Vi theo dieu 16 khoan 2 - luat quoc tich VN, quy dinlr v^ quoc tich cua tre em khi sinh ra cocha me la cong dan VN: " tre em khi sinh ra co cha hoac me la cong dan VN, con nguai kia la congdan nuac ngoai, thi co quoc tich VN, neu co sir thoa thuan bang van ban cua cha me vao thai diemdang ky khai sinh cho con

Cau 36: Tir canh chu the cua quoc gia la do su cong nhan

Bi tudc qudc tich la bien phap trtrng phat cua ca quan nha nude cd tham quyen doi vdi cdng

dan ciia minh cu tru d nude ngoai ma pham nhftng trong ta^n thudng la pham toi phan boi to quoc,gian diep, Nhu vay ngudi khong quoc tich khong nliat thiet phai la ngudi bi tudc qudc tich

Can 38: Luat quoc tieh VN chi thira nhan nguyen tac huyet thong

Tra 161: Sai

Vi Luat quoc tich VN khong chi thua nhan mot nguyen tac ma thira nhan den hai nguyen tac

va dugc quy djnh tai LQT VNam tir dieu 16 den Dieu 19 - LQT Luat QT ket hgp nliuan nhuyenhai hda hai nguyen tac: Nguyen tac noi sinh (nguyen tac lanh tho) va nguyen t^c huyet thong(nguyen tac dan toe) Vdi muc dich de dam bao cho dua tre cd mgt quoc tich, tranh tinh trang khongquoc tich hay nhieu quoc tich

Cau 39: Duong bien gidi cua quoc gia tren bien la dirdng song song vdi dirong co* so* vaeach duong ca sd 1 khoang each bang chieu rong cua lanh hai

Tra 161: Sai

Vi no chi dung kiii de phan dinh vung npi thuy - lanh hai vdi vung chu quyen qudc te va bdihai qudc gia ddi dien nhau thi dudng'bien gidi tren bien la dirdng tmng tuyen Hai quoc gia co bdbidn iilp giap nhau thi dudng bien gidi tren bien la dirdng each deu va dudng co so khdng songsong nhau Do do kMng dinh tren la sai, chit khong phai moi trudng hop dudng bien gidi cua quocgia ven bidn la song song va each dudng co sd 1 khoang each bang chieu rong cua lanh hai.

Cau 40: Duong bien gidi cua qudc gia tren bien la dudng giap canh ma 2 qudc gia lienquan thda thuan - quy dinh

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi no chi dung trong trudng hop: hai quoc gia nam lien ke No sai trong trudng hop haiqudc gia nam ddi dien va khong nam lien ke qudc gia nao Hai qudc gia ddi dien nhau thi dudngbien gidi bien la dudng trung tuyen Hai qudc gia lien ke nhau thi dudng bien gidi tren bien ladudng each deu

Cau 41: Dirdng cor sd la ranh gidi trong them lue dia

Tra loi: Sai

Vi ranh gidi phia trong them luc dia la ranh gidi phia ngoai cua lanh hai vi them luc dia la

phan day bien va vung dat dirdi dai bien ngoai lanli hai thuoc quyen chu quyen cua qudc gia venbien ma thdi

Cau 42: Vung ndi thuy, vung lanh hai, vung tiep giap lanh hai, vung dac quyen kinh te

la lanh thd ciia qudc gia ven bien

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi vung ndi thuy, vung lanh hai nidi la lanh thd cua qudc gia ven bien Con ranh gidi phiangoai lanh hai gqi la dudng bien gidi qudc gia tren hien Con vung tiep giap lanh hai va vung dacquyen kinh te theo dinh nghia la nhung vung bien nam ngoai lanh hai goi la nhung vung bien thudcquyen chu quyen cua qudc gia Vi vay hai vimg bien nay khdng coi la lanh thd cua qudc gia

Cau 43: Them luc dia phap ly cd the trung vdi them luc dia dia chat

Tra idi: Sai

vi them luc dia dia chat duoc tinh td bd bien den mep ngoai cua ria luc dia Them luc diaphap ly theo dinh nghia duoc tinh tu ranh gidi phia ngoai ianh hai den mep ngoai ciia ria luc dia

hoac co the keo dai 350 hai li ke tu dudng co sd hoac keo dai 100 hai ly ke tu dudng d^ng sau 2500m (ddi vdi nude co them luc dia rong).

Cau 44: Quoc gia co chu quyen hoan toan va tuyet doi voi tat ca nhdng bo phan eauthanh lanh tho quoc gia

Tra loi: Sai

Vi chu quyen cua qudc gia ddi vdi nhung vung lanh tho kliac nliau la khac nhau Vung dat:chu quyen hoan toan tuyet ddi Vung nude la chu quyen khdng tuyet ddi Vung trdi co tinh chuquyen tuyet ddi Vimg long dat duoc mac nhien thua nhan trong quan he quoc te thudc chu quydnhoan toan tuyet ddi ciia qudc gia

Cau 45: Quan he phap luat co sn tham gia eua quoc gia la quan he phap luat quoe te.Tra loi: Sai

Vi co nhftng quan he co sir tham gia cua qudc gia Chi co nhftng quan he co sir tham gia cuaqudc gia ma ca hai ben deu la chu the cua luat qudc te thi quan he dd mdi la quan he cua luat qudc

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Cau 46: Ranh gioi phia ngoai eua them lue dia la du'd^g song song voi dirdng co- sff vaeach dirdng co1 so' 1 khoang each 200 hai ly

Tra Itri: Sai.

Vi no chi dung trong trirdng hop nhfmg nude co them lye dia hep (nhd hern 200 hai ly) Ddivdi nhumg nirdc co them hie dia rong (201 hai ly trd len) dirge quyen lira chon 1 trong hai each sau:

keo dai tdi da 350 hai ly tir dirdng co so Keo dai tdi da 100 hai ly tu dudng dSng sau 2500m.

Cau 47: Ranh gidi phia ngoai them lue dia la dudng song song vdi dirdng co so va eachdudng co' so mot khoang each 350 hai ly

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi no dung trong trudng hop nude co them luc dia rdng va xac dinh ehieu rdng cua them lucdia bang each keo dai toi da 350 hai ly tir dudng eo so

Cau 48: Ranh gidi phia ngoai them luc dia la dirdug song song vdi durdng dang sau vaeach diroug dang sau 100 hai ly

Tra Idi: sai

Vi no chi dung trong trudng hop nhung nude cd them luc dia rong va tinh bang each 2 (keo

dai toi da 100 hai ly tu dudng dang sau 2500m).

Cau 49: Duong bien gidi qudc gia tren bien la dudng trung tuyen hoac giap eanh macac qudc gia lien quan thda thuan, lira chon

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi no chi dung trong trudng hop 2 qudc gia nam lien ke nhau hoac doi dien nhau Va sai

trong trudng hop quoc gia khong nam lien ke hoyc doi dien vdi quoc gia nao, thi dudng bien gidi

cua qudc gia tren bien la ranh gidi phia ngoai ciia lanh hai

Cau 50: Che do phap ly ciia lanh bai va che do phap ly cua noi thiiy la gidng nbau.

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi chii quyen qudc gia doi vdi ndi thiiy la chii quyen hoan toan tuyet ddi rieng biet Vi vayqudc gia cd quyen quyet dinh moi che dg phap ly cho vitng ndi thhy Lanh hai thuoc chu quyenhoan toan va day du cna qudc gia ven bien Theo dieu 17 cdng udc 1982 cd qwy dinh tau thuyennude ngoai cd quyen qua lai vd hai trong vimg nay klidng can phai xin phep Vdi dieu kien phaichap hanh cdng udc

Cau 51: Che do phap ly ciia lanh hai va che do phap ly ciia vung trdi bao trum len lanhhai la gidng nhau

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi chd do phap ly cua vung nude lanh hai thuoc chu quyen hoan toan va day du vi phai decho tau thuydn nude ngoai qua lai vd han Che do phap ly cua vung trdi bao trum len lanh hai thudcchu quyen hoan toan tuyet ddi va rieng biet

Cau 52: Co* quan quan he ddi ngoai la nhfmg cd quan there Men cac chiic nang ngoaigiao

Tra Idi: Sai

Vi co quan quan he ddi ngoai gdm: co quan dai dien ngoai giao, co quan lanh su phai doandai dien thudng true ciia qudc gia tai cac to chuc qudc te lien chinh phu Ma eo quan dai dien ngoaigiao mdi thuc hien chuc nang ngoai giao

Cau 53: Quyen mi dai — mien trir ngoai giao va quyen tru dai mien trir lanh su' la giong

nhau.

Tra IM: Sai

Vi quyln uu dai miln trir ngoai giao dugc ghi nhan trong cdng udc Vien 1961, pham vi

quyln nay la rong hem so vdi quylnuti dai - miln trvr lanKSir dirge ghi nhan trong cong udc Vien1963

Cau 54: Moi quan he phap luat c6 sir tham gia ciia quoe gia thuoc doi tuvng dieu chinheiiaLQT

Tra loi: Sai

Vi qudc gia la doi tuong dieu chinh cua LHT, vi doi tirong dieu chinh ciia luat qudc te lamoi quan he giira cac quoc gia vdi nhau, giua cac quoc gia vdi chu the LQT co moi quan he lienquoc gia: to clurc quoc te lien chinh phii, cac to chuc the phap ly khac

Caii 55: Trong luat quoc te khong co cac bien phap che tai

Tra loi: Sai

Vi luat quoc te co nhung bien phap che tai do nhung chii the luat quoc te thirc hien nhamdam bao thi hanh LQT bang nhirng bien phap khac nhau: dim le nhu giir cong ham yeu cau xin loi,dung bien phap vu trang de tu ve hay phi vu trang (Dieu 42 huan chuong LHQ), cam van bao vaykinh te che tai quan sir Tuy nhien trong LHQ khong co co quan dam bao thi hanh cac bien phapche tai

Cau 56: Rebus sic stantibus la dieu kien bat hop phap de cham dut hieu luc cua dieu

uo"c quoc te?

Tra 161: Sai

Vi Rebus sic stantibus la dieu kien hop phap de cham dirt hieu lire cua dieu udc quoc te.Theo cong udc Vienne 1969 ve Dieu udc quoc tl

Cau 57: Hien chmmg Lien Hop Quoc la hien phap cua cpng dong quoc te

Tra loi: Sai

Vi ban chat ciia luat quoc te la su thoa thuan vi vay Hien chuong LHQ chi rang buoc vdinliung qudc gia la thanh vien ciia no ma thdi, khong rang buoc nhung quoc gia khong tham gia Vivay, khong the coi la hien phap cua cong dong quoc te dugc

II PHAN LY THUYET.

Cau hoi 1: Luat Bien quoc te la gi? theo Cong iroc ciia Lien Hop quoc ve Luat Biennam 1982, Viet Nam co nhung vung bi^n nao?

Tra loi:

a.Luat Bien qudc te

Luat Bien qudc te dugc hieu mgt each don gian nhat, la tdng hgp cac qui pham phap luatqudc te dieu chinh hoat ddng cua cac qudc gia tren the gidi lien quan den bien

Cong udc qudc te ve Luat Bien ctia Lien Hgp Qudc nam 1982 (sau day goi tat la Cong udc1982), cd hieu luc nam 1994 va Viet Nam la thanh vien cua Cong udc nay (Qudc hoi nude

CHXHCN Viet Nam da chinh thuc phe chuan ngay 23/6/1994), la mot van kien qudc te tdng hop.

loan dien bao quat nhung van de quan trong nhat ve che do phap ly cua bien va dai duong the gidi,quy dinh nliung quyen va nglua vu ve nhieu mat cua moi loai qudc gia (cd bien, khdng cd bien,khdr^ phan biet che do kinh te, chinh tri, xa hoi cung nhu trinh do phat trien) doi vdi cac vung bienthudc pham vi qudc te, cung nhu nhung vung bien thudc quyen tai phan qudc gia

b.Cac vung bien theo Cong udc 1982

Cau hoi 5: The nao la vung tiep giap lanh hai? Che do phap ly vung nude nay nhu the

Cd hai loai dudng ca sd:

+ Dudng ca sd thong thudng: Six dung ngan nude irieu thap nhat ven bd bien hoac dao.+ Dudng ca sd thang: Noi cac diem hoac dao nho ra nhat cua bd bien luc dia hoac dao.Duong ca sd thang ap dung khi bd bien quoc gia ven bien bi chia cat hoac cd chuoi dao gan lien vachay doc theo bd bien Viet Nam cd chuoi dao dpc theo bd bien dupe van dung de xac dinh dudng

co sd thing Nam 1982 Chinh phu ta ra tuyen bo xac dinh dudng co sd thang ven bd luc dia Viet

Nam, gdm 10 doan noi 11 diem (tru phan trong Vinh bac bo va vting nude lieh su giura Viet Nam vaCampuchia do ta con dam phan phan dinh bien vdi Trung Quoc lue do va chua tien hanli dam phanphan dinh bien vdi Campuchia) Viet Nam cung khong vach dudng co sd cho hai quan dao Floang

Sa va Trudng Sa, vi hai quan dao nay khong dupe hudng quy che qudc gia quan dao theo dieu 46cua Cong udc nay

Cau hoi 3: The nao la vung nuoc noi thuy? Viet Nam co quyen gi trong vung nude noi

thiiy ciia minh?

Cau hoi 4: Lanh hai la gi? Quy che phap ly cua no nhu the nao?

Tra 161:

Lanh hai la vung bien rong 12 hai ly (1 hai ly = 1,852 km) tinh tu dudng co sd, co che dpphap ly tuong tu nhu lanh thd dat lien Ranh gidi ngoai cua lanh hai la bien gidi quoc gia tren bien.Trong lanh hai, tau thuyen ciia cac quoc gia kliac dupe hudng quyen qua lai khdng gay hai vathudng di theo tuyen phan luong giao thong bien cua nude ven bien Lanh hai ciia nude CHXHCNViet Nam rpng 12 hai ly theo tuyen bo nam 1982 cua Chinh phu Viet Nam

Theo Cong udc 1982, Viet Nam co quyen a 5 vung hien vdi pham vi va chi do phap ly khacnhau Do la: Noi thuy, Lanh hai, Vung tiep giap Vimg dac quyen ve kinh t va Them luc dia

Thang 5/1977, Chinh phu nude CHXHCN Viet Nam ra Tuyen b6 ve lanh hai vung tiip giap vung

dac quyen kinh te va them luc dia Thang 11/1982, Chinh phu ra tuyen bo ve dudng co sd dung d^tinli chieu rong lanh hai Viet Nam Hai van ban qui pham phap luat noi tren, mac du ban hanh trudckhi Cong udc 1982 ra dm, nhung da phu hop vai Cong udc, thd hien dupe chu truang, chinh sachcua Nha nude ta sdm nam bat tinli than va xu hudna trong tien trinh xay dirng Cong udc tir trudc

do.

La nhimg he thdng cac nguyen tac quy pham phap luat dupe cac qudc gia va cac chu

Luat quoc gia (LQG)Luat qudc te (LQT)

Gidng nhau

So sanh

Cau hoi 8: So sanh Luat qudc te (LQT) va Luat qudc gia (LQG)?

Tra loi:

Vung tidp giap lanh Mi la vung bidn Mm phia ngoai lanh Mi va tiep lieivvdi lanh hai, rong

12 hai ly tinh til danh gidi ngoai cuaiahh hai, hap vdi lanh hai Viet Nam thanh mot vung bien rong

24 hai ly kd tir dudng co so dimg dd tinh chidu rdng lanh hai ciia Viet Nam Trong vung tiep giap.nude veil bidn cd quyen qui dinh bien phap ngan ngira va trimg tri cac Mnh vi vi pham ddi vdi luat

le vd nhap cu thud khcia y te, tham clii ca an ninh, xay ra trong lanh thd hay lanh hai cua minh

Cau hoi 6: Vung dac quyen kinh te la gi? Che do phap ly cua no nhu* the nao?

Tra Rri:

Vimg dac quyen kinh te la vimg bien rong 200 hai ly tinh tir dudng ca so (188 hai

ly tinh tu ranh giai ngoai lanh hai, 176 hai ly tinh tir ranh gidi ngoai cua vung tiep giap) Vung dacquydn kinh te la mot chd dinh rieng biet, dupe hinli thanh tir nhu cau quan ly tai nguyen, bao v^ lpiich kinh td ciia quoc gia ven bien.Trong vimg bien nay, nuoc ven bien co quyen chu quyen va quyentai phan doi vdi moi loai tai nguyen thien nhien va cac hoat dong kinh te nham khai thac, sir dungcac tai nguyen thien nhien do, co quyen tai phan doi vdi cac hoat dong nghien cuu khoa hoc bao venidi trirdng bien, xay dung va lap dat nhttng cong trinh va thiet bi nhaii tao Cac nude khac cdquyen tu do bay, tu do hang hai va dat day cap va ong dan ngam.Vung dac quyen kinh te ciia nude

CHXHCN Viet Nam tiep lien lanh hai Viet Nam va hop vdi lanh Mi Viet Nam thanh mot vung bien

rong 200 Mi ly ke tir dirdng co sd, dung de tinli chieu rong lanh Mi Viet Nam theo tuyen bo cuaChinh phu Viet Nam nam 1977

Can hoi 7: Chu the cua luat quoc te la gi?

va phap nhan cung nhu la chu the cua Luat qudc te, trong klii cd ngudn thi khdng ndi nhu vay Co

Mi khia canh tiep can ve vi tri ciia ca nhan, phap nhan trong quan he phap luat cd tinh chat qudc te

d van de nay Mot la, ca nhan, phap nhan ciia cac qudc gia kliac nhau tham gia vao cac quan hephap luat ma d do cd sir mau thuan giua npi luat cua cac qudc gia lien quan Hai la, ca nhan cdquyen va nghla vu dupe qui dinh trong cac Dieu udc qudc te, chang han nhu cac quy pham vdquyen con ngudi hay trach nliiem phap ly ve tdi ac chiin tranh hay chdng lai loai ngudi

Cau hoi 9: So sanh cac bien phap cuwig che giura LQT va LQG.

Tra loi:

Co chirc nang xem xet ro rang, khong can co sirdong y cua cac ben, phan xet cac tranh chap theoluat dinh

Dugc dam bao thi hanh bang cac ca quan tuphap

Tat ca cac thanh phan deu la chu the

Dieu chinh cac moi quan he giua ca nhan, phapnhan va nha nude vdi nhau

Dugc xay dung tu cac ca quan chuyen trach nhu:Quoc hoi, Chinh phu

Dung de dieu chinh cac quan he trong pham viquoc gia

Xay dung tren ca so y chi cua nha nude sd tai,khong co sir tir nguyen

Chuyen tu van giai thich, viecxem xet chi xay ra khi co tranhchap va cd sir dong y cua cac

Dieu chinh cac moi quan hegiua cac quoc gia voi nhau

Khong co ca quan chuyen trachxay dung

Dung de dieu chinh cac quan he

quoe te.

Xay dung tren ca so tu nguyenbinh dang thong qua dau tranh

va thuang lugngthe tham gia QPPL xay dung

Dirge dien ra khi dieu uac quoc te da dugc phe

Tuyen bo giai thich nham lam sang to noi dungthat cua dieu uac quoc te de viec thuc hien dieu

uac quoc te duac ro rang.

La qua trinh lam sang to noi dung that cua cacdieu irac quoc te tranh sir hieu nham, gay ra xungdot giua cac ben tham gia dieu uac quoc te

Tuyen bo bao liru dien ra trong

Tuyen bo bao liru nham loai trirhoac thay doi 1 so dieu khoan

cua dieu udc quoc te.

La hanh vi dan phuang cua 1

chu the LQT de loai trtr hieu

luc cua 1 hay mot so dieu khoancua dieu uac quoc te

Deu la tuyen bo don phtrong cua quoc gia dira ra nham cong niian hieu lire dieu iracquoc te doi vai quoc gia minh

Tuyen bo giai thieh

Tuyen bo bao lun

Cau 10: So sanh tuyen bo bao liru va tuyen bo giai thich Dieu uoc quoc te do quoc gia

Thi khong ap dung ca che tir dieu chinh cho cacbien phap cudng che ma cac bien phap cuang chenay thuong do luat dinh, duoc ap dung khi cotranh chap xay ra va buoc phai thi hanh

Chu yeu ban chat cua LQT apdung ca che tu dieu chinh, thdathuan khi co tranh chap, tuynhien co nhung trudng hap

LQT phai ap dung cac bien

phap cu&ng che nliu xin ioi, huy

bo quan he ngoai giao hoac tyr

ve hop phap

La nhung quy phap phap luat M dieu chinh moi quan he cua quoc gia trong quatrinh phat sinh cua xa hoi

Cwong che LQG Cirong che LQT

Khac

Giong

So sanh

Cac quoc gia dugc tu do hang hah tu do hangkhong, tu do dat day cap ngam tuy nhien phai cdsir thda thuan cua quoc gia ven bien va dugc khaithac hai san khi quoc gia ven bi^n khai thac con

Tau nude ngoai dugc tu do qua lai VDQKT.Thi co chu quyen tuong doi

Cac nude kliac mudn khai thac

tai nguyen thi phai dugc phep

cua quoc gia ven bien

Tau nirac ngoai phai xin phep

va dugc sir dong y ciia quoc giaven bien de vao vung noi thuy

Co chii quyen tuyet doi cuaquoc gia ven bien

Deu thuoc quyen quan ly cua quoc gia ven bien

Vung dac quyn kinh te

Co hieu lue ngay sau khi loi giai thich dugc xac

nhan bang van ban

Co gia tri phap ly trong tuyen bo giai thich chinh

thirc.

Ap dung cho ca dieu iroc quoc te song phuomg va

da phiro^ng

chuan va co hieu luc phap ly

Co gia tri chinh thuc sau 1 namneu khong co quoc gia nao phand6i

Co gia tri ve mat phap ly doi vdi

moi quoc gia thanh vien

Chi ap dung ddi vdi dieu udc

quoc te da phuong khong cambao lim

bat ky giai doan nao cua dieuudc qudc te

so tai giam giu.

La co quan doi ngoai cua nha nude o nude ngoai,thuc hien chuc nang lanh su trong 1 khu vuc lanhtho nhat dinh cua nude tiep nhan tren co so thdathuan giua 2 nude huu quan

Duqc thay the nli^ nude minhtai nuoc so tai, bao ve moiquyen loi ciia quoc gia va congdan nude minh tai nude sd tai

dam phan va dai dien thuonglu^ng vdi nude so tai, tim hieu)ihfmg dieu kien cua nude sd tai

de bao cao cho chinh phu nudeminh, thuc day quan he hop tac

La co quan cua 1 quoc gia dungtren lanh tho quoc gia khac,thuc hien viec quan he ngoaigiao vdi quoc gia so tai va vcricac co quan dai dien cua cacquoc gia khac tai quoc gia so

Vien chuc lanh sir va than nhan cua ho cungdugc mien kiem tra hai quan tru trudng hgp cd co

sd cho rang cd chua hang cam xuat khau hoaccam nhap khau

Vien chuc ianh su cd quydn di lai hep hon Hoklidng dugc di den nhttng chd nude sd tai cam

Bat kha xam pham than the khdng tuyet ddi Ho

cd the bi bat giu trong trudng hgp pham toi

nghiem trong khi cd quyet dinh cua co quan nha

nude cd tham quyen (Dieu 41 Cdng udc Vien 1963).

Thu tin bieu phim cung cd quyen bat kha xam

pham, va li lanh su khdng bi md, khdng bi giu

lai Tuy nliien trong trudng hgp can thiet cd ly do

chinh dang thi van bi md bi giiJ (Dieu 33 Cdng udc Vien 1963).

Tru sd, do dac, vat dung, cac phuong tien di lai

cung khdng bi tich thu Tuy nliien vi ly do an ninh qudc phdng hoac lgi ich cdng cdng thi cung

cd the bi trung dung song nude tiep nhan phai bdi

thudng thda dang

Khong duoc phep ra vao nhung khi cd hda hoan

xay ra thi bat ke cd dugc phep hay khdng thi

chinh quyen nude sd tai van dugc vao de cuu

chua (Dieu 31 Cong udc Vien 1963).

Vien chuc ngoai giao va thannhan cua ho thi hanh ly duocmien kiem tra hai quan (Dieu 36Cong udc Vien 1961)

Vien chuc ngoai giao cd quyen

di lai rat rong

Vien chuc ngoai giao cd quyenbat kha xam pham ve than the 1each tuyet ddi Ho khong bi bat,

bi giam gift dudi bat ky hinh thuc nao (Dieu 29 Cong udc Vien 1961).

Cd quyen bat kha xam pham vethu tin, buu pham, va li khong

bi md, khong hi giu: 1 each tuyet doi (Didu 27 Cong udc Vien 19610.

Tru sd, do dac, vat dung, cac

phuong tien giao thong khdng

bi trung dung, tich thu hoac ap

dung bien phap thi hanh an (Cong udc Vien 1961).

Thi chinh quyen nude sd tai khong dirge phep ra vao khi khdng cd su ddng y cua ngudi dung dau (Dieu 22 Cong udc Vien 1961).

Deu la nhfmg quyen iru dai va midn trir dac biet ma nude so tai danh cho co quanngoai giao Vien chitc ngoai giao va tlianh vien gia dinh cua ho

- Tren diem: Ddi vdi qudc gia lien ke, ddi dien

viec xac dinh bien gidi phai thong qua dieu udc

qudc te ve bien gidi dua tren su thda thuan giuahai nude huu quan va chi can cur vao toa do

- Bien gidi tren ho gdm 3 budc:

+ Hoach dinh bien gidi qudc

gia: La qua trinli xay dungphuong hudng, vi tri, tinh chat

cua dudng bien gidi qudc gia

tren van ban chfnh, thiet lap

dudng bien gidi qudc gia d

trong hiep dinh va cd ban do chitiet dinh kern

+ Phan gidi thuc dia: La qua trinh thuc dia hda dudng bien gidi trong hiep dinh Thong

thudng cong viec nay do mot uyban hon hop cua hai ben huuquan cu ra de di danh dau thuc

dia hoac dieu chinh bien gidi do

yeu cau ciia dia hinh thuc te

phai cd su sua ddi hoac didu

chinh d muc do nhat dinh

+ Cam moc: La hoat dong cudi

cimg cua qua tiinh phan gidi

thuc dia Sau khi cac ben dong y

va hoan thanh cac cdng vice can

thiet d giai doan hai thi Uy ban

se tien hanli cam theo moc cuthe tai cac diem ma hai bendanh dau

- Lanh hai quoc gia ven bien co chu quyen day du

ve lanh hai cua minh cung nhu vung trdi d phiatren, vung day bien va long dat dudi lanh hai

+ Che do qua lai vo hai: Tau thuyen di trong tinhtrang binh thudng lien tuc khong dimg lai khongtha neo, khong cd nliung hanh vi vi pham phapluat cua quoc gia ven bien Viec qua lai phainhanh chdng va lien tuc

- Co chu quyen hoan toan day du Khi vao lanhhai khong phai xin phep trudc Va cd the qua lai

vo hai

- Noi thuy gan lien vdi luc dia

va dat dirdi chu quyen hoantoan day du va tuyet doi ciiaquoc gia veil bien

+ Che do qua lai cua tau thuyen

nude ngoai:

Tau quan sir: Ve nguyen tacbat ky tau thuyen nao ciia nudengoai muon vao noi thiiy ciiamot nude ven bien phai xinphep trudc va dugc phep vaomdi duac vao

- Co chu quyen hoan toan day

du tuyet doi Tau thuyen nudengoai vao phai xin phep trudc

- Noi thuy va lanh hai deu la thupc chu quyen lanh tho quoc gia

- D^li phai tuan theo luat bien quoc te

- Deu phai tuan theo phap luat quoc gia

Lanh hai Noi thuy

quan

fiieu uve

Cau 19: Chu thi tl chue qule te lien ehinh phu la ehu thi han chl eiia LQT?

cho LQG va nhom uu tien cho LQT Thuydt nhi nguyen luan cho day la hai he thing phap luat khac

•nhau, song song ton tai nhung doc lap vdi nhau, phat tridn khdng phu thuoc nhau

Moi quan he bien chung gitta LQG va LQT: co moi quan he ban chit vdi cac phuong tien

hoat dong thuoc chuc nang nha nude bao gdm chuc nang ddi ndi va chuc nang d6i ngoai

Ddi ndi la nliung hoat dqng chu yeu trong pham vi lanh th6 - Doi ngoai thi the hien vai trocua nha nuoc trong quan he voi cac nude tren the gidi Hai chuc nang nay cd quan he mat thiet vdinliau, chuc nang doi ngoai ludn xuat phat tu tinh hinh thyc t^ trong nude cua chuc nang ddi noi, ketqua cua viec thyc hien chuc nang ddi ngoai se anh hudng manh me ddn vi^c thyc hien chuc nangddi ndi Vai trd chung cua hai chuc nang la co so dd cung cd tang cudng quydn lye nha nude, laphuong tien de nha nude quan li kinlt tl va xa hoi, gdp phan xay dung quan he mdi, phat tridn quanh^ luat qudc te mang tinh xuat phat didm va lam anh hudng nguoc lai luat quoc td cd y nghla thucday va hoan thidn luat qudc gia

Cau 17: Phan tich moi quan he gifira dieu udc quoe te ( DlfQT) va tap quan quoe te (

TQQT)?

Tra loi:

TQQT tac ddng ddn sy htnh thanh cac DU'QT qua vide hidn nay cd nhieu Dl/QT bit ngudn

tu TQQT Nguoc lai Men nay cd nhidu DUQT tac demg lai ddi vdi TQQT Hay la cd nhung DU'QT trd thanh TQQT Vd gia tri phap ly thi Dl/QT cd gia tri phap ly cao hon do duoc sy phe chuin cua cac quoc gia, tuy nhidn trong mot sd trudng hop cu thd thi TQQT lai cd gia tri phap ly cao vi DUQT duoc ky kdt nhung cung khdng dap ring duoc cac ydu ciu thyc tien nhu cac ap quan vd giao

dich thuong mai

Cau 18: Quoc gia la chii the co-ban va chfi yeu va dau tien ciia LQT?

Tra 161:

Mdi quan he giua cac qudc gia la co sd de phat sinh tdn tai cua LQT Qudc gia cd quyen va

cd kha nang lap ra nhiliig chu thd khac cua LQT Ngay nay quan he phap luat qudc td phat tridn trdntoan bo cac linh vyc, deu la nhung mdi quan he gitta cac qudc gia vdi nhau Qudc gia la chu thd diutidn ciia LQT cac chii the khac sau nay mdi cd qudc gia tham gia xay dung PLQT, DU'QT, do

vay co the noi rang qudc gia la chu the dau tien, co ban chu ydu cilia LQT.

Tau dan sy: PhaidLden dia

diem da quy dinh, chd cac lyelirong bien phdng, y te, lamcac thu tyc nhap canli va dandudng vao cang

Cau 22: Trinh bay khai niem va phan tich dac diem ciia luat quoc te?

quan,

nuacquanvien

lien vai nhiem ky cong tac

sir quan, tham tarn, )

luat quoc gia quy dinh (dai su

he doi ngoai cua quoc gia angoai giao cong tac tai cac cachuc vu dugc bo nhiem cho

CHUC VII NGOAI GIAO

-Gan

cong

-Do

ngoaiquanchuc

-trong nuac va a nuac

thuc hien cong tac doi noivien chuc ngoai giao dedanh do nha nuac phong

- Ham ngoai giao la chute

HAM NGOAI GIAO

theo thoa thuan

ngoai giao dugc

dau ciia ca quan

- La cap ciia nguai dung

GIAO CAP NGOAI

Vi to chuc quoc te lien chinli phu dirge thanh lap tir nhfrng chu the khac, cac quyen cua nochi dirge ghi nhan trong cac dieu irdc khi ky ket hay gia nhap Do vay no phai phu thuoc vao cacquoc gia thanh vien nen chi tham gia vao nhiing linh virc phii hgp vai phuang huang hoat dong vasir thoa tliuan cua cac quoc gia thanh vien Do vay to churc quoc te lien chinh phu phai la chu thlcua luat quoc te

Cau 20: Phan Met ve cong nhan quoc gia moi va chinh phu moi?

Tra lbi:

Cong nhan quoc gia mai chi phat sinh khi eo sir xuat hien tren quoc te, sir xuat hien naykhong phu thugc vao bat cu mot sir cong nhan nao tir cac quoc gia da co tren quoc te Cong nhanquoc gia bao gom ca cong nhan Chinh Phu cua quoc gia do

Cong nhan Chinh Phu mai chi phat sinh khi co Chinh Phu len nam quyen khong theo quy dinh cua PLQG do, Chinh phu nay gpi la Chinh phu thirc te Cong nhan Chinh phir moi cb nghT la

cong nhan ngirai dai dien hgp phap cho mot quoc gia trong quan he quoc te chu khong phai la congnhan mot chu the mai cua luat quoc te

Cau 21: Phan biet cap, ham, chuc vu ngoai giao?

Tra loi:

-Khai niem: Luat quoc td la tdng the nhirng nguyen tac quy pham pMp luat qudc te do cacchu the tham gia vao quan he phap lu^t qudc te xay dung tren co so tu nguyen binh dang thong quavice dau tranh thuong lugng nhSm dieu chinh mdi quan he nhieu mat giua cac chu the Luat quoc tevoi nliau Trong cac trucmg hop can thiet Luat quoc te dirge dam bao thi hanh bang nhttng bienphap cirdng che rieng le hoac tap the do cac chu the Luat qude te thi hanh

-Dae diem ciia Luat quoc te:

+ Ddi ttrgng dieu chinh: La quan he xa hoi phat sinh giua cae chit the luat quoc te vdi nhau,tuy nhien khong phai deu la ddi tirgng dieu chinlt cua luat quoc te

+ Trinh tu xay dung: Dugc xay dung dua tren nguyen tac binh dang chu quyen giua caequoc gia nen khdng c6 co quan xay dung luat, viec xay dung luat chu yeu do thda thuan giua cacchu the luat quoc t< dudi hinh thuc ky ket cac dieu uac quoc te hoac tuy en bo chung giua cac quoc

gia.-+ Chit thS:,

•Cac quoc gia co chit quyen: Quyen toi cao ctia quoc gia trong pham vi lanh tho cua quocgia minh va quyen doc lap trong quan he quoc te

•Cac dan toe dang dau tranh gianh quyen tu quyet

•Cac to chuc quoc te lien chinh phu (lien chinh phu va phi chinh phu)

+ Bien phap cuong che: La nhung quan he ma tu cac chit the thoa thuan xay dung cac bienphap nhat dinh vi lgi ich cua chinh ho, cac chit the bi hai dugc quyen sir dung mot so bien phap nhatdinh voi quoc gia gay hai

•Cuong che cac the: Cac chu the bi hai sir dung cac bien phap tra dua, bien phap tu ve doivoi chit the gay hai

•Cuang che tap the: Cho phep cac quoc gia bi hai co quyen lien minh vdi cac quoc giakhac de trung tri quoc gia gay hai

Ngoai ra van de du luan tien bo tren the gidi va su dau tranh cua nhan dan cac nude cung la

bien phap de cho PLQT phai tuan theo.

Cau 23: Trinh bay cac nguyen tac co ban cua luat quoc te

Tra lui:

Luat quoc te la h^ thong cac nguyen tac va quy pham phap luat, dugc cac quoc gia va chuthe khac cua luat qudc te thda thuan tao dung nen, tren ca sd tu nguyen va binh dang, nham dieuchinh nhung quan he phat sinh giua quoc gia va cac chu the do trong moi linli vuc cua ddi songquoc te Do la cac nguyen tac va quy pham ap dung chung ma khong co su phan biet ve tinh chat,hinh thuc hay vi the cua tung quoc gia khi thiet lap quan he qudc te giua nhihig chu the nay vdi

nhau.

1 Nguyen tac binh dang ve chu quyen giua cac qudc gia

Nguyen tac binh dang ve chu quyen giua cac qudc gia la mot trong nhirng nguyen tac ccr bandugc thira nhan rdng rai ciia Luat qudc te hien dai va dugc ghi nhan rdng rai trong nhieu van ban

qudc te quan trong.

Nguyen tac binh dang ve chu quyen gida cac qudc gia la mot nguyen tac quan trong trongchinh sach ddi ngoai va nha nude ta

Hien chuong Lien hgp qudc nguyen tac bing dang ve chu quyen cua cac qudc gia la nguyentac cua Luat qudc te va cung la nguyen tac ca ban trong boat ddng cua to chuc qudc te rdng rai nay

21

Dieu 2, khoan 2 Hien chuong ghi rd: Lieu hop qudc thanh lap tren nguyen tie binh ding ve chuquyen gi&a tat ca cac mrdc thanh vien.

Tuyen bo nam 1970 cua Dai hoi ddng LHQ ve nhung nguyen tac eiia Luat quoc td giai thfchndi dung cua nguyen tac binh dang ve chu quyen gifra cac qudc gia nhu sau:

(1)Cac qudc gia binh dang ve mat phap ly;

(2)Mdi quoc gia deu dupe hudng day dii nhirng quyen xuat phat tu* nguyen tac chu quyen;

(3)Moi quoc gia deu phai co nghTa vu thirc hien day dii va thien chi nhfmg nghTa vu quoc te

cua minh da tir nguyen cam ket;

Trong quan he quoc te nguyen tac binh dang ve chu quyen giua cac quoc gia bieu Men quanhirng quan diem sau day:

Thu nhat tat ca cac quoc gia deu binh dang ve mat phap ly Cac quoc gia khdng ke Ion haynhd, giau hay ngheo cd kinh te va quoc phdng mgnh hay yeu, khong phu thudc vao che dp chinh tri

va xa hoi cua ho, deu la nhirng thanh vien binh dang ciia cdng dong quoc te, co quyen giao tiep vdibat cur nude nao, to chuc nao ma ho muon Moi quuoc gia tir khi mdi thanh lap deu co quyen co ban

do, hoan toan khong phu thuoc vao sir cong nhan cua cac quoc gia khac,

Thu hai, tat ca cac quoc gia deu cd nhirng quyen lam nghia vu quoc te co ban nhu nhau.Xuat phat tu nguyen tac binh dang ve chu quyen, cac quoc gia co quyen nhu nhau khong phu thupcvao quy che thuc te cua ho Dong thdi, cac qudc gia cung cd nghTa vu nhu nhau, phai ton trpngnhung nguyen tac co ban va cac quy pham menh lenh khac cua Luat qudc te

Thu ba, tat ca cac qudc gia deu cd quyen nhu nhau dupe ton trpng ve qudc the, ve su toanven lanli thd va che dp chinh tri doc lap

Chinh sach doi ngoai cua cac nude xuat phat tir quan diem hoa binh, hop tac, san sang quanh| binh thudng vdi cac nude che dp kliac tren co so ton trpng doc lap chti quydn cua nhau binhdang, cung cd lpi

Thu tu, moi qudc gia cd quyen dupe tu do tham gia vao viec giai quyet van de lien quan denIpi ich cua ho klidng mot qudc gia nao cd quyen trudc do cua mot qudc gia khac Thuc tien naydupe ap dung rdng rai trong lien hop qudc va mot so to chuc qudc te kliac

Thu nam, khi giai quyet nhung van de qudc te trong pham vi cac to chuc va hoi nghi qudc

te moi qudc gia deu su dung mot la phieu cd gia tri ngang nhau Trong phan ldp cac to chuc qudc

te, cac qudc gia khdng ke lem hay nhd, ddng gdp nMeu hay it chi pM cho to chuc qudc te, deu sudung mot chi phi nhu nliau

Tliu sau, cac quoc gia ky dieu uoc vdi nhau phai tren co so phai binh dang, khdng cd motqudc gia nao cd quydn ap dat nhimg dieu kien khdng binh dang ddi vdi qudc gia khac Cho nen,mpi didu udc khdng binh dang do nude nay dung ap lire de ap budc nude kia phai ky ket la nhirngdieu udc khdng hop phap va do do, khdng cd hieu lire phap ly, bdi va chung di ngupc lai nguyen tacbinh dang giua cac qudc gia

Xudt phat tir nguyen tac neu tren, cac qudc gia ddng thdi cd nghTa vu phai thuc hien day du

va thien chi mpi nghTa vu qudc te cua minh da tir nguyen cam ket.Cudi cimg, bdi le cac qudc gia la nhmig thanh vien binh dang trong cdng ddng qudc te, cho nen mpi

quoc gia deu dupe hudng quyen mien trir nhu nhau.

2 Nguyen tac khdng can thiep vao cdng viec ndi bo cua cac nude khac

Nguyen tac khdng can thiep la nipt trong nhung nguyen tac co ban ciia Luat qudc te hiendai theo do tat ca cac qudc giai chap hanh cd nghTa vu khdng dupe tien hanh nhung hanh ddng canthiep vao cdng viec thudc tham quyen ciia qudc gia khac.Nguyen tac khdng can thiep he qua ciia nguyen tac chu quyen qudc gia Viec thuc hien nguyen tacton trpng chii quyen qudc gia, tuc la ton trpng quyen tdi cao d trong nude va quyen ddc lap trong

quan he qudc te cua quoc gia duong nhien phai ton trong hoat ddng thudc tham quyen ndi bo cuaqudc gia do, nen ddi hoi cac quoc gia khdng dirge can thiep vao linh vire hoat dong nay.

Theo tuyen bo nay, noi dung cria nguyen tac khdng can thiep hao gom:

-Cim can thiep vu trang va nhung hinh thuc can thiep hoac de doa can thiep khac nhamchdng lai chu quyen, hoac nen tang chinh tri, kinh te van hoa ciia qudc gia khac

-Vim dung bien phap kinh te, chinh tri, dd bat quoc gia khac phai phu thuoc minli

-Cim t6 chuc hoac khuyen khich, giup do nhung phan tir hoat ddng pha hoai hoac khung bo

nham lat do quoc gia khac,

-Cam can thiep vao cube dau tranh noi bo a cac quoc gia khac

-Mdi quoc gia deu co quyen tu lira chon cho minli che do chinh tri, kinh te, xa hoi va vanhoa, khong cd sir can thiep cua nuoc ngoai

Tom lai, nguyen tac khong can thiep ngay nay da trd thanh mot trong nhung nguyen tac coban ciia Luat quoc te va duoc ghi nhan trong hau het van ban phap ly quoc te hai ben ciing nhunhieu ben

3.Nguyen tac dan toe tu quyel

Theo ban tuyen bo nam 1970 ve nhuiig nguyen tac cua Luat quoc te noi dung cua nguyentac dan toe tu quy?et duoc giai thich nhu sau:

-Tat ca cac dan toe co quyen tir do quyet dinh quy che chinh tri ciia minh, khong co su canthiep cua nude ngoai, va tu do quyet dinh sir phat trien ve kinh te, xa hoi va van hoa cua dan toeminh

-Tat ca cac qudc gia deu ed nghla vu phai ton trong quyen nay ciia cae dan toe

-Tat ea cac quoc gia deu cd nghia vu phai thuc day cac dan toe thuc hien quyen tu quyet cua

te mdi

4.Nguyen tac cam dung vu lire hoac de doa dung vu luc trong quan he qudc te

Theo tuyen bd nam 1970, nguyen tac cam dung vu lire hoac de doa dung vu luc trong quan

he qudc te cd nhung ndi dung sau day:

-Cam dung vu luc va de doa dung vu lire chdng lai su toan ven lanh thd cua qudc gia khac,

ke ea vi pham bien gidi quoc gia cua nude khac, vdi gidi tuyen ngung ban;

-Cam dung vu luc va de doa dimg vu luc chdng lai nen ddc lap chinh tri ciia qudc gia khac;-Cam dung vu luc va de doa dung vu luc lam bien phap giai quyet cac tranh chap qudc te;-Cam tuyen truyen chien tranh xam luge;

23

- Cam dung vu lite de ngan can cac dan toe thuc hien quyen dan toe tit quyet cua ho;-Cam to chuc hoac khuyen khich bon phi, ke ca lynh danh thue, dd xam luac lanh thd qudc

gia khac;

-Cam to chire hoac khuyen khich ung ho hoac tham gia vao nhftng cube nbi chibn hoac

killing bo d nude khac;

-Cain dung vu lire de chiem ddng lanh tho qudc gia khac mot each trai vdi Hien chuang

Lien hap qudc;

-Cam dung vu lire va de doa dung vu lire de xam chiem lanh thd cua qudc gia khac; tire xamlirqc vu trang

5 Nguyen tac giai quyet tranh chap qudc te bang cac phuong phap hda binh

Dieu 2 khoan 3 Hien chuang Lien hap qudc quy dinh: tat ca cac nude thanh vien Lien hqp

qudc giai quyet cac tranh chap ciia ho bang nhftng phuong phap hoa binh, lam sao de khdi gay ra sir

de doa cho hoa binh, ^i ninh the gidi va cbng ly

Trudc het, nbi dung cua nguyen tac giai quyet cac tranh chap quoc te bang cac phuang phap

hoa binh phai the hien d chd cac qudc gia cd nghla vu giai quyet cac tranh chap va xung dot gitta ho vdinhauchibangnhftngphuangphaphoabinh.

Theo Dieu 33 Hien chuang Lien hap qudc va Tuyen bd nam 1970 neu len mot so phuang phap hoabinh, do la: dam phan, dieu tra, trung gian hoa giai, trong tai, Tda an thong qua ca cac quan hayhiep dinh kliu vuc, hoac bang nhftng phuang phap hoa binh khac ma cac ben tu chon Ro rang, Luat

qudc te hien dai chua quy dinh het nhung phap hoa binh de giai quyet tranh chap qudc te, ma mdi

chi neu len mot so phuang phap thong dung nhat va gianh cho cac qudc gia quyen tu lira chonnhiing phuang hoa binh khac ma, theo ho la hop ly Ngay ca ddi vdi nhung phuang phap da neutren, Luat qudc te hien dai cung khdng bat budc phai nhat thiet sir diing phuang phap nao Quyenlira chon thudc ve cac ben tranh chap

Chi cd mot dieu bat budc tat ca cac qudc gia la: giai quyet tranh chap qudc te bang nhung

phuang phap hoa binh Moi phuang phap bao lire, cudng ep doa dam, deu bi nghiem cam Can cirvao tuyen bd nam 1970, mot khi cac ben tranh chap da su dung phuang phap hoa binh nay de giai

quyet tranh chdp, nhung chua dat dugc ket qua, thi phai tim phuang phap hoa binh khac de giai

quyet

5 Nguyen tic ton trong cac cam ket qudc te (Pacta Sunt Servanda)

Nguyen tac Pacta Sunt Servanda dugc gai thich cu the trong tuyen bd nam 1970 ve cac

nguyen tic cua Luat qudc te dieu chinh quan he huu nghi va hgp tac giua cac qudc gia phu hgp vdi

Hidn chuang Lien hgp qudc, nguyen tac ton trpng cac cam ket qudc te cd ndi dung bao gdm cacdiem sau:

-Moi quoc gia cd nghia vu phai thuc hien mot each thien chi nhung nghla vu ma minh da

cam ket phu hgp vdi Hien chuang Lien hgp qudc va Luat qudc te hien dai.

Nhung nghia vu da cam ket d day chu yeu gdm nhung nghTa vu phat sinh tu dieu udc, va nhung vanhirng nghTa vu phat sinh tu cac ngudn khac, vi du, tu tap quan qudc te Nhung tat ca nliung nghTa

vu do phai phu hap vdi nhtrng dieu quy dinh trong Hien chuang Lien hgp qudc ma trudc het la

nhung muc dich va nguyen tac ciia to chuc nay.Nhu vay, ddi vdi nhung nghia vu khdng phu hop vdi Hien chirang Lien hop qudc thi se klidng dugcthihanh

Cac qudc gia cung se khdng thi hanli cac cam ket bat binh dang Lich sir quan he qudc techo thay khdng it nhung dieu udc qudc te khdng hgp phap Dien hinh la hiep udc Mu-nfch ngay 29thang 9 nam 1938 Nhftng dieu udc nhu vay khdng cd gia tri phap ly cho nen khdng the rang budccac ben da ky ket Vi vay cac qudc gia khdng cd nghTa vu phai thuc hien chung

- Neu nhung cam k^t phat sink tvr dilu udcVptlc tl trai vdi nhimg cam ket theo Hien chirang

Lien hap qulc thi nhttng cam kit the^^fiiln chirang Lien-hrif) qudc se dirge uru tien thi hanh Lien hap qulc la tl chirc qulc tl rdng rai nhlt bao gdm Mu het eac quoc gia tren the gidi Vice tham gia

Lien hap quoc khdng can tra cac quoc gia ky ket nhung dieu uric tay ddi, cung nhu nhieu ben.Nhung ndi dung cua nhung dieu uac nay khong dugc trai vdi.Hiln chuang Lien hop qudc(Dieu 52Hiln chuomg Lien hap qulc) Do vay, trong truang hap nhung cam kit phat sinh tu dilu uac qulc

tl trai vdi nhung cam kit theo Hien chuang Lien hap quoc quy dinh, thi nhirng cam ket theo Hienchuang Lien hap quoc se dugc uu tien thi hanh mot each nghiem chinh (dieu 103 hien chuang lien

hap qulc) Nguyen tic Pacta Sunt Servanda cung khong ap dung vdi nhung dieu uac khi ky ket vi

pham nliung quy dinh vl tham quyen va thu tuc ky ket chung.Trong tlurc tien dieu uac qulc te, cam ket quoc te cung cb the khong dugc thi hanh khi nhung dieu

kien dl thi hanh no da thay dli vl ca ban (Rebus Sic Stantibus).

Tom lai, co thi neu torn tic noi dung cua nguyen tac pacta sunt servanda nhu sau: Cac quoc gia conghTa vq phai thuc hien mot each thien chi va day du nhung nghia vu cua minh, truac het la nhung

nghia vxi phat sinh tu nliung dilu uac qulc tl dugc ky kit mot each hgp phap va co ngi dung khong

trai vai nhung nguyen tic ca ban cua Luat quoc te

Cau 24: Khai niem & dac diem co' ban cua luat qudc te?

• ••••/ -' Traldi: •' • - • • • - •• :•• , '.- •- •

Khai niem:Luat quoc tl hien dai hay con gpi la cong phap quoc te la tong the nhung nguyentic, nhung quy ph^m phap luat quoc te do cac chu the tham gia vao quan he phap li quoc te xaydung tren ca sa tu nguyen va binh dang, thong qua dau tranh va thuang lugng nham dieu chinh moiquan h^ nhieu mat (chii yeu la quan he chinh tri) giua cac chu the luat quoc t! vai nhau (truac tien

va chu yeu giua cac quoc gia) trong nhung truang hgp can thiet luat qulc te dugc bao dam thi hanhbing nhung bien phap cuang che rieng le hoac tap the do chinh cac chu the luat quoc te thi hanhhoac bang sue dau tranh cua nhan dan cimg du luan tien bo The giai

Dac diem:Tu khai niem neu tren, luat quoc te co nhung dac diem ca ban nhu sau:

Doi tugng dieu chinh : neu nhu luat trong nuac dilu chinh ve quan he xa hgi phat sinh trong pham

vi lanh tho quoc gia va quan he co yeu to nude ngoai thi luat quoc te chi dieu chinh nhung quan he

xa hoi phat sinh trong ddi song quoc te nhu quan he chinh tri, kinh tl, van hoa, khoa hgc-ky thuat,moi trudng giua cac chii the ciia luat qudc te vdi nhau ma chu yeu la nhung quan he chinh tri Tuynhien khdng phai tit ca quan he qudc te deu la doi tugng dieu chinh cua luat quoc te

(VD: quan he qudc te theo con dudng cac to chuc chinh tri -xa hdi khdng do luat qudc te

chinh tri dieu chinh)

Trinh ttr xay dung cac qui pham phap luat qudc te: trong he thong qudc te dua tren nguyentac ca ban binh dang ve chu quyen cac qudc gia nen khdng cd ca quan lam luat Con dudng duynhat de hinh thanh cac quy ph^m phap luat qudc te do la su thda thu^n giua cac chu the luat qudc te

vdi nliau dudi hinh thuc ky ket cac dieu udc qudc te (quy pham thanh van); cung nhau thira nhan

nliung tap quan qudc te trong quan he gifta ho (quy pham bat thanh van) Day la dac trung quantrgngnhat

Chu the cua luat qudc tl:

Cac qudc gia cd chu quyen: Chu quyen qudc gia trong llnh vuc ddi ndi la quyen tdi cao cuaqudc gia trong pham vi lanh thd cua minh, quyen lam luat, quyen giam sat viec thi hanh phap luat,quyen xet xir nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat cua qulc gia

Trong llnh vuc ddi ngoai do la quyen doc lap trong he thong qudc te, tir do quan he klidng lethudc vao bat cur the luc nao, hai mdi quan he nay cd quan he mat thiet vdi nhau, chi vi khi qudc gia

cd quyen tdi cao trong quan hg ddi ngoai thi mdi cd quyet dinh trong quan he ddi ngoai Qudc gia la

chii the dac biet khi tham gia vao hoat ddng tu phap qudc tl, dugc mien trur vl tir phap quoc tl:quyen mien trir ve xet xu, quyen miln trir ve tai san, quyln mien trir vl thi hanh an.

Cac dan toe dang dau tranh gianh doc lap dugc xem la quoc gia dang hinh thanh dung len

dau tranh gianh doc lap, thanh lap qudc gia co chii quyln, co quyln tham gia dai dien ky k^t cac

dieu uoc quoc te vdi cac quoc gia kliac, tu do khdng bi le thuoc vao bit cu quoc gia nao

Cac to chuc qudc lien chinh phxi ( lien quoc gia) la td clitic thanh lap tren su lien kit giua

cac quoc gia, va hoat dong dudi su thda thuan giua cac quoc gia (VD: LHQ, Asian, EU )

To chuc phi chinh phu dugc thanh lap dudi sir thda thuan giua cac the nhan vdi phap nhan thi khong dugc coi la chu the cua luat quoc tl, khong dugc thua nhan cua luat qudc tl (VD: Hoi luat

gia the gidi, Hoi Lien hiep phu nu the gidi )

Tu each chii the cua tda thanh Vatican tda thanh Vatican khong phai la mot qudc gia, tueach chu the cua Vatican dugc dat ra

Bien phap bao dam thi hanh luat qudc te khi xay dung cac dilu udc quoc te cac ben thucrngthda thuan cac bien phap cuoiig che de ap dung cho cac quoc gia vi pham Bo la nhdng quan he ma

tu cac cM the thda thuan xay dqng cac bien phap nliat dinh vi lgi ich cua chinh ho Cac chii the bihai dugc quyen su dung mot so bien phap nhat dinh cho qudc gia gay hai Bien phap eudng che

dugc the hien dudi hai hinh tliurc:

Cudng che ca the : trdn binh dien qudc te klidng cd ca quan cuchig che tap trung thuexngtrue, nliirng bien phap do chinh chu the ciia luat qudc te thuc hien dudti hinli thirc ca the, rieng le ttrc

la chu the bi hai dugc quyen su dung nhung bien phap cudng che tra dua hay bien phap tu ve ddi

vdi chu the gay hai cho minh (nit dai su ve nude, cat diit quan he ngoai giao, bao vay kinh te, giang

,tra ,) : •-• ' ••-;••• '• ; ,: •, , • •••- • •• ;.:•;•, .

Bien phap cudng che tap the tuc la qudc gia bi hai cd quyen lien minh cac qudc gia tren ca

sd cac cam ket phu hop d^ chdng lai qudc gia gay hai cho minh.LHQ giao cho HDBA LHQ cd

nhiem vu giu gin hda binh va an ninh ciia cac qudc gia trong kliudn klid tuan thu hien chuong LHQ,

cd tham quyen ap dung cac bien phap cuang che va trimg phat ke ca dung vu lire chdng lai cac qudcgia vi pham

Ngoai ra van de du luan tien bd tren the gidi va su dau tranh cua nhan dan cac nude cung la

bien phap de cho phap luat qudc te phai tuan theo.

Cau 25: Phan tich ban chat cua luat quoc te hien dai tren c& sd so sanh voi LQT cu?

Tra Idi:

Luat qudc te hien dai la tdng the nhung nguyen tac, nhixng quy pham phap luat qudc te docac chu thi tham gia vao quan he phap luat qudc te xay dung tren ca sd tu nguyen va binh dang,thong qua dau tranh va thuang lugng nliam dieu chinh mdi quan he nhieu mat (chii yeu la quan hechinh tri) giua cac chu the lu^t qudc te vdi nltau (tnrdc tien va chu yeu giua cac qudc gia) trongnhung trudng hqp can thiet luat qudc te dugc bao dam thi hanh bang nhung bien phap cudng cherieng le hoac t^p the do cac chu thi luat qudc te thi hanh hoac bang sue dau tranh cua nhan dancung du luan tien bo The gidi

Nhu ta bilt, nlu nhu luat qudc gia deu co lien quan chat che din ha tdng ky thuat nhat dinh

va su phat trien cua no gan vdi mot hinh thai kinh tl - xa hoi cu the thi lu^t qudc te cung vay Doanh hudng cua CM thang 10 Nga, do ket qua dau tranh cua cac lire lugng tien bd each mang va yeuchuong hda binh tren the gidi Luat qudc te da cd nliung thay ddi sau sac va thuc chat la luat qudc temdi ve chat Luat qudc te hien dai va ban chat tien bd khac han vdi luat qudc te cu Dieu nay denhan thay qua qua trinh tham gia vao quan he phap ly qudc te va la chii the cua luat qudc te Lu|tqudc te cu con cd nhung nguyen tac, che dinh phan ddng nhu quyen tien hanh chien tranh, quyencua ke chien thang, che dinh chiem cu dau tien, che dinh thudc dia, che dinh bao ho

Tir sau CM thangl.0 Nga, Luat quoc td Men dai khdng con la phap Mat bi ap dat bdi sure

manh bdi cac qudc gia manh, cac qU^ pham cua luat quife^te da va dang xay dung tren ca so thdathuan dam phan, thuong luqng Do do khong mot qudc gia nao co quyen ap dat cac qui pham phapluat cho cac qudc gia khac khi khong co su dong y thoa thuan cua ho, "quyen chien tranh" khdngcon tdn tai trong luat qudc td Men dai va thay vao do cac nguyen tac, cac che dinh mdi het sue quantrong, tidn bo, dan chu nhu: c^m chien tranh xam luqc, cam dung vu luc va de doa dung vu liretrong quan he quoc te '

Ddng thai luat qudc te hien dai ke thira va phat trien tien bd them cac nguyen tac va quipham mang tinh dan chu cua luat quoc te cu nhu: Nguyen tac binh dang ye chu quyen giua cac quocgia, khong can tMep vao ndi bq cua nhau, tan tarn thuc hien cac cam ket quoc gia, dieu nay cd thehien dai da loai tru sir phan biet gifta cac quoc gia, giua cac nude van minh va cac nude lac hau,giua cac nude phat trien va cac nude cham phat trien Cac nude Idn nho deu cd quyen tham gia vaoquan he qudc te va trd thanh chu the luat quoc te Men dai

Su phan tich tren cho ta th^y rang luat quoc te chi cd the duqc xay dung tren nen tang danchu, tien bq chung va chi cd tren co so duqc thoa thuan chap nhan cua tat cd cac qudc gia Tuynhien, miic dq dan chu tien bd cua timg quy pham luat qudc te con tuy thudc vao su tuong quan lucluqng gitta tien bd va phan dan chu tren chien trudng qudc te va trong ndi bd ciia mdi qudc gia

Caii 25: Phan tich cac yeu to cau thanh quoc gia?

Traldi:

Su ton tai cua mot qudc gia chit the co ban ciia luat quoc te cd lien quan mat thiet vdi hinhthuc to chuc nha nude, mac du hinh thuc to chuc cua nha nude rat da dang, tuy nhien d mpi giaidqan phat trien cua lich sir nha nude va phap luat qudc gia duqc thira nhan la chii the co ban cualuat qudc te

Cho den nay du chua cd mot dinh nghia thong nhat ve qudc gia, tuy nhien theo luat qudc tdhien dia thi de coi qudc gia la mot thuc the ciia luat qudc te, qudc gia phai cd cac tieu chi sau:

- Cd lanh thd xac dinli - Cd dan cu on dinh - Cd chinh phu cd chu quyen- Cd kha nang thietlap va thuc hien cac quan he ddi ngoai.'

Lanh thd qudc gia la mot phan cua trai dat bao gdm \omg dat, virng nude, vimg trdi, dudi

long dat, lanh thd ciia qudc gia phai duqc xac dinh ro rang bdi dudng bien gidi tren dat lien vdi cac

qudc gia Ian can hay vung klidng thudc quoc gia nao, qudc gia do phai duqc xac dinh tren ban dodia li hanh chinh the gidi vdi vi tri va dia danh ro rang, Tuy nhien giha cac qudc gia cd thd cd cac

vung lanh thd tranh chap, nhung de dam bao ydu td lanh thd xac dinh thi qudc gia do phai cd vung

lanh thd hdan toan duqc xac dinh rd rang thudc chu quyen ciia minh

Mot qudc gia khdng thd tach rdi ydu to con ngudi nghia la cd dan cu dn dinh trdn lanh thd

do, da phan dan cu phai la cdng dan nude so tqi, sinh song dn dinh lau dai la nhirng ngudi cd dia viphap li cd quydn va nglua vii ddi vdi qudc gia, qudc gia cung thuc Men quydn va nghia vu cua minhddi vdi cdng dan cua minh, cd lich sir truyen thong van hda g^n bd lau dai vdi qudc gia so tai

Chinh phu la yeu td can phai cd de dieu hanh xa hdi, cd chu quyen duqc nhan dan tin nMem

cd day du chii quyen va quyen luc trong viec thuc hien cac quan h^ ddi ndi, ddi ngoai, nghia la cdthuc quyen dieu hanh qudc gia trong lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap quyet dinh van menh chinh tricua dan tdc, tu do lua chqn hinh thue, the che cMMi tri, kinh te, van hda - xa hdi cho dat nudeminh, chinh phu do phai nam duqc quyen luc ddi ngoai nghia la nam quyen dai dien qudc gia thamgia vao cac quan he qudc te

Qudc gia phai cd kha nang thiet lap va thuc hien cac quan he ddi ngoai trong ca mat the hienvai trd mot chu the Mat qudc te, cd kha nang \k chinh tri, kinh te, van hda - xa hdi de cd the thucMen quyen quyet dinh mqi van de cua qudc gia ma cac qudc gia khac klidng cd quyen can thiep,

27

dong thai qudc gin ay phai ton trong va thirc thi ctey dxx cac nguyen tic ca ban cua luat qudc te khitham gia vao cac quan he qudc te.

Cau 26 Quoc gia la chu the dau tien, chii th^ e<y ban va chu yeu luat quoc te

Tra loi:

Quan he phap luat quoc te la nhung quan he phat sinh tdn tai va phat tridn chu yeu giira cacquoc gia vdi nhau Quoc gia la chu the dim tien chu thd trudc hdt xay dung phap luat qudc td.Trong qua trinh thi hanh luat quoc te, quoc gia cung la chu the dim tien cho viec thi hanh phap luat

quoc te.

Chu the cua luat quoc te hien dai la nhung thuc the dang tham gia quan he phap li luat qudc

te mot each doc lqp co day du quyen va nghia vu phap luat quoc te ddng thai phai ganh chin trachnhiem phap li quoc te mot each doc lap do chinh hanh vi vi pham phap luat quoc te gay ra tren ca

sd cac qui pham phap luat quoc te Hau het cac nha lam luat cdng nhan quoc gia la chu the chit yeu

ca ban cua luat quoc te hien dai bdi vi:

Quoc gia cung la chu the ca ban ciia luat quoc te bdi vi neu khong co quoc gia thi ban thanluat quoc te khong co ca sa ton tai va phat trien Khi cac quoc gia ra ddi co mdi quan he mat thietvdi nhau va chiu sir dieu chinh trong quan he quoc te quoc gia dugc coi la hat nhan cua toan bo hethong phap luat quoc te

Quoc gia la chu the dau tien, chii the truac het xay dung phap luat quoc te; quoc gia la chuthe ban dau ciia luat quoc te bai vi no xuat hien nhu mot chu the dau tien cua luat quoc te Trongqua trinh thi hanh luat quoc te, quoc gia cung la chu the dau tien cho viec thi hanh phap luat quoc te

Quoc gia cung la chu the ca ban va chu yeu trong viec thi hanh ap dung bien phap cirdngche vi^c tuan thu ap dung phap luat quoc te

Qu6c gia la chu the duy nhat co quy^n tao lap ra va kha nang tao lap ra chu the mai luatquoc te do la cac to chuc lien chinh phu

? Quoc gia la chu the ca ban, chu the ban dau luat quoc te bai vi quoc gia la mot thirc thebao gom 3 yeu to ca ban:

Lanh tho: la mot trong nhung yeu to can thiet cho sir ra dai ton tai va phat trien cua moiquoc gia Lanh tho quoc gia la mot phan cua trai dat bao gom viing dat, vung nuac, vung trod, duailong dat, lanh tho cua quoc gia phai dirge xac dinh ro rang bod duang bien gidd tren dat lien vdd cacquoc gia Ian can hay vung khong thuoc quoc gia nao, quoc gia do phai dirge xac dinh tren ban dodia li hanh chinh the gidd vdd vi tri va dia danli ro rang, tuy nhien giua cac quoc gia cd the cd cacvung lanh tho tranh chap, nhimg de dam bao yeu to lanh tho xac dinh thi quoc gia do phai cd vunglanh tho hoan toan dugc xac dinh ro rang thuoc chu quyen cua minh

Dan cu: Mot quoc gia khong the tach rod yeu to con ngudd nghla la cd dan cu on dinh trenlanh tho do, da phan dan cu phai la cong dan nuac sd tai, sinh song on dinh lau dai la nhung ngudd

cd dia vi phap li cd quyen va nghia vu doi vdd qudc gia, qudc gia cung thuc hien quyen va nghla vuciia minh ddi vdd cdng dan cua minh, cd licit sir truyen thong van hda, ngudn gdc gan lien vdi lanhthd ma ho dang sinh song, gan bd lau dai vdd qudc gia sd tai

Chinh phu : la yeu to can phai co de dieu hanh xa hoi, co chu quyen durgrc nhan dan tin

nhiem cd day du chu quyen va quyen luc trong viec thuc hien cac quan he ddi.noi, ddi ngoai, nghla

la cd thuc quyen dieu hanh qudc gia trong lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap quyet dinh van menhchinh tri cua dan toe, tu do lira chon hinh thuc, the che chinh tri, kinh te, van hda - xa hdi cho d^tnude minh, chinh phu do phai nam dugc quyen luc ddi ngoai nghia la nam quyen dai dien qudc giatham gia vao cac quan he qudc te cd kha nang thiet lap quan he phap luat qudc te

[ KM mot quoc gia dap irng dupe cac dieu Men ve lanh tho dan cu on dink quoc gia co chuquyen, chinh phu co kha nang quan he phap Mat quoc te thrke tur thai diem do quoc gia tro thanhchu the duong nhien chu the mcVi cua luat quoc te ma khong phu thuoc bat ky sir cong nhan nao.

Can 27: Vi sao to churc lien chinh phu la chu th phai sinh, thii' sinh khong co chiiquyen ?

Tra loi:

Chu th^ cua luat qu6c tk Men dai la mot tlivrc the dang tham gia quan he phap li luat quoc te

mot each doc lap co d^y du quyen va nglna vu phap luat qudc te dong thai phai ganli chiu trachnhiem phap li quoc te mot each doc lap do chinh hanh vi vi pham phap luat quoc te gay ra tren ca

so cac qui pham phap luat quoc te

Luat quoc te cong nhan quoc gia la chu the chu yeu cua luat quoc te, ben canh do con cac tochuc lien chinh phu, cac dan toe dang dau tranh gianh doc lap va tu each chu the Vatican cung dupexem la chu the luat quoc te, trong do to chuc lien chinh phu la chu the phai sinh, thti sinh khong cochu quyen vi nhung ly do sau:

To chuc lien chinh phu duac thanh lap do su thoa thuan cua cac quoc gia, tu each chu thectia cac to chuc lien chinh phu co tu thai diem cac van ban, hien chucrng, dieu le phat sinh hieu luc

Quyen nang chu the cua to chuc lien chinh phu khong giong nh.au, quyen nang do dira trencac van ban, hien chuong dieu le, quy che cua cac to chuc do

Cac to chuc lien chinh phu xuat hien va ton tai do cac quoc gia thanh lap nen, khong tunhien ma co, ma do thoa thuan ciia cac quoc gia co chu quyen voi nhau Cac quoc gia thoa thuanthanh lap cung nhu thoa thuan, quyen va nghia vu cua cac to chuc lien chinh phu phai dua tren co

so nhung nguyen tac co ban luat quoc te hien dai Vi chi duac xem la chii the ciia luat quqc te hiendai klii cac to chuc nay duoc thanh lap phii hop voi nhung nguyen tac co ban ciia luat quoc te hiendai

Cac to chuc lien ehinh phu duoc thanh lap nham nhung muc dich nhat dinh va trong nhungllnh vuc hoat dqng, pham vi hoat dqng cua to chuc do do cac quoc gia thanh vien qui dinh cho no

Vi moi to chuc lien chinh phu chi giai quyet mot cong viec cu the va trong khuon kho su thoa thuanciia cac quoc gia giao cho no

La chu the chuyen biet bbi vi no chi hoat dong goi ghem trong pham vi Men chuong dieu l^ciia to chuc do quy dinh, neu hoat dong ra ngoai dieu le thi vi pham hien chuong dieu le cua tochuc, hoat dong trong mot so llnh vuc chuyen mon, trong llnh vuc hoat dong nhat dinh

La chu the han che luat quoc te boi vi chu the no rong Ion nhung khong th^ so sanh vdi chuthe ciia Mat quoc gia

La chu the khong co chu quyen cua Mat quoc te boi vi to chire quoc te lien chinh phu khongphai la chvi the co chii quyen cua Mat quoc te, vi chii quyen quoc gia la chit quyen doc lap trong Matquoc te ma to chuc lien chinh phii khong the co duoc chii quyen do

Tu each chu the cua to chuc lien chinh phu co tir thoi diem khi cac van ban hien chuong,dieu le phat sinh Meu luc

Tu each chu the Mat quoc te cung nam trong hai pham tru nang luc phap luat va nang luchanh vi, tuy nliien quyen nang chit the dupe gpi la thuoc tinh tu nhien von co cvia quoc gia, boi vi sir

ton tai cua no khang dinh tu each chu the, khong can bit ki mot sy cong nhan nao.

Quyen nang chii the ciia to chuc lien chinh phii no khong dua vao thupc tinh " tu nhien*' von

co nhu quoc gia ma quyen nang nay dupe ghi nhan ngay chinh trong Men chuong, dieu le thanli lapnen to chuc do cac quoc gia thoa thuan thanh lap

29

Cau 28: Tai sao the nhan, phap nhan khdng la chii the cua luat qudc te hien dai?

Tra 16'i:

Theo cac aha lam luat quoc te thi chu the luat quoc te hien dai la cac qudc gia co chu quydn,cac dan toe dang dau tranh gianh doc lap, cac to chuc lien chinh phii va Vatican Ngoai 4 chu th^tren luat quoc te hien dai khong co chu the nao khac VI vay thd nhan, phap nhan khong dirge xem

la chu the luat quoc te hien dai

Ndi the nhan, phap nhan khong dugc xem la chu the luat qu6c tl hien dai vi nhung ly do

sau:

Cac to chuc lien chinli phii xuat hien va ton tai do cac qudc gia thanh lap nen, khong tunhien ma co, ma do thda thuan cua cac quoc gia co chu quyen vdi nhau Cac quoc gia thda thuanthanh lap cung nhu thoa thuan, quyen va nghia vu cua cac to chuc lien chinh phu phai dua tren co

so nhung nguyen tac ca ban luat quoc te hien dai Tu each chu the cua to chuc lien chinh phu co tutthen diem khi cac van ban hien chuong, dieu le phat sinh hieu lire

Quyen nang chu the co gidi han dugc ggi la chu the han che, vi vay cac to chuc quoc tekhac nliau se co quyen nang chu the luat quoc te khong gidng nhau

La chu the khong co chu quyen cua luat quoc te bdi vi to chuc quoc te lien chinh phu khongphai la chu the co chu quyen cua luat quoc te, vi chu quyen quoc gia la chu quyen doc lap trong luatquoc td ma td chuc lien chinh phu khong the co dugc chu quyen do

Cau 29: Co* so' de edng nhan chinh phu Defacto (chinh phii thuc te do) la hop phap?Traloi:

Cong nhan trong luat quoc te hien dai dugc hieu la hanh vi phap li mang tinh chinh tri cua

quoc gia cong nhan dua tren y chi doc lap ciia cac ben cong nhan nham the hien thai do cua minhdoi vdi dudng loi chu truong chinh sach, che do kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa, xa hoi cua quoc giadugc cong nhan, tao tien de cho viec thiet lap cac quaji he phap li quoc te, mong mudn thiet lapquan he binh thudng vdi quoc gia dugc cdng nhan

Hinh thuc cong nhan chinh phu Defacto: la hinJi thuc cdng nhan chinh thuc nhung d mure do

khong day du va toan dien cd nghia la quan he vdi nhau d mot vai llnh vuc nao do

Viec cong nhan quoc gia mdi nay bao ham ca viec cong nhan chinh phu mdi nam trong quocgia do Day la su trimg hgp ngau nhien cua hai the loai, song trong su trung lap do ton tai su doi lapnhau vi qudc gia mdi van la mot, nhung chinh phu mdi co the thay doi Chinh phu mdi ra ddi co 2loai:

Chinh phu hgp hien hgp phap (chinh phu De Jure) chinh phu nay dugc thanh lap thong qua quy dinh trong hien phap hoac trong phap luat quoc gia do Nhung chinh phu nay dugc thong qua trong viec bau cu, luat qudc te hien dai khdng dat ra viec cdng nhan chinh phu hgp hien hgp phap (VD: HP Phap qui dinh 7 nam bau tons thdng mot Ian, tdng thong khdng dugc lam qua 2 nhiem ky).

Chinh phu thuc te (chinh phu De Facto ): chinh phu nay dugc thanh lap khdng phu hgp vdi

hien phap va phap luat cua qudc gia do, dugc thanh lap thdne qua cudc dao chinh, luat quoc te Wendai chi dat ra viec cdng nhan chinh phu De Facto (VD: 5/ 97 Tudng quan Cavena lat do tdng thdngnude Congo, lam tdng thdng phai ti nan d nude ngoai & diet d nude ngoai)

Cdng nhan chinh phii mdi nay khdng phai la cdng nhan chu the mdi cua luat qudc te ma lacdng nhan ngudi dai dien " hgp phap'* cho mot qudc gia trong bang giao qudc te

Su cdng nhan chinh phu thuc te (CP Defacto) la hgp phap phai dua tren nhung tieu cW sau:

Chinh phu mod phai dugc ddng dao quan chung nhan dan tu nguyen, tu giac ung ho

Gia nhap la tuyen bd don phuang ciia

ca quan cd tham quyen cua qudc gia,cdng nhan mot dieu udc qudc te cd

Meu Me ddi vdi qudc gia minh, chinh

thuc rang budc quyen va nghia vu ciiaminh ddi vdi mot dieu udc qudc te maminh chua phai la thanh vien cua dieuudc qudc te do

Phe duyet la tuyen bd dan phuang ( hanh vi phap li dan phuang)

cua ca quan cd thamquyen trong nude cdngnhan mot deu udc qudc

cd hieu lire ddi vdi

qudc gia minh

Phe chuan la su ddng ychinh thuc cua ca quannha nude cd thamquyen cua cac ben ky

ket (thong thudng la ca

quan quyen Me tdi caocua nha nude do) xacnhan dieu udc qudc te

da co hieu lire ddi vdiminh Thong thudngnhung dieu udc qudc telien quan den van dechinh tri, ANQP, bien

Phe chuan, phe duyet, gia nhap deu la hanh vi dan phuang nham cdng nhan hieu Medieu udc qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia minh Phe chuan, phe duyet xac nhan dieu udc qudc te da

cd hieu Me ddi vdi qudc gia minh Gia nhap chinh thuc rang budc quyen va nghia vu ciiaminh ddi vdi mot dieu udc qudc te ma minh chua phai la thanh vien dieu udc qudc te do

Chinh phu mdi phai kha nang duy tri va thuc Men dirge quyen lire cua minh trong mot thai

gian dai on dinh, tu giai quyet dugc cSehdng vice cua dat Hlrdc,'

Chinh phu mdi phai cd kha nang Mdm soat dugc toan bd hoac phin ldn lanh thd cua quoc

gia do mot each doe lap va tu quan li dugc mgi cdng vide cua qudc gia

Can cu vao 3 dieu Men trdn, tuy thudc vao su nhin nhan cua tung qudc gia dd cd su cdng

nhan chinh phu tliuc te do la hgp phap, dieu nay cung cd nghia la se cd nhung qudc gia cdng nhan

thuc td do la hgp phap nhung cung cd nhung qudc gia se khdng cdng nhan thirc te do

Trong quan he phap Mat qudc td la quan he binh dang chu quyen giua cac qudc gia vdi nliau

vi khi ngdi vao ban dam phan thda thuan ky ket dieu udc qudc td cac qudc gia ddu la nhung con

ngudi cu thd, day la nhung ngudi dugc qudc gia giao cho ho, uy quyen cho ho dugc xay dung nen

nhung qui pham phap Mat qudc td Day la nhung con ngudi Mdn dat lgi ich qudc gia len hang dau,

khdng tinh ddn lgi ich ca nhan Neu con nguai do virgt qua thlm quyen dugc qudc gia giao cho ho

thi nhung didu udc qudc td se Midng duac thuc Men

The nhan, phap nhan cM la ngudi dai dien mot td chuc nao do, ngudi nay hoat ddng nhan

danh cho mot nlidm ngudi, mot td chuc phi chinh phu, nlidm ngudi nay khdng cd tu each chii the

Mat qudc te, khdng the ngang hang vdi qudc gia dugc Nhu vay the nhan, phap nhan khdng xep

ngang hang vdi qudc gia cho ndn no khdng la chu thd Mat qudc te Men dai Vdi nhung ly le trdn, td

chuc lien chinh phu la chu thd phai sinli, thu sinh va chu the han che khdng cd chu quyen

Do phap luat cua cac nude cd qui dinh khac nhau ve each thuc hudng va mat qudctich Do ket hdn, li hdn nhan lam con nudi ma cd yeu to nude ngoai Ngudi 2 qudctich la ho duqc hudng qudc tich mot nude nhung ehua mat qudc tich, con ngudikhong qudc tich la do ho thdi qudc tich cu nhmig chua duqc nhap qudc tich mdi.

Khdng qudc tich Hai qudc tich

Giong nhau

So sanh

Cau 31 So sanh giua ngudi hai quoc tich & khong quoc tich

Tra Idi:

Gia nhap thi thuqc tham quyen cua ca

ca quan lap phap va ca quan hanhphap

Gia nhap dieu udc qudc te chi di^n raddi vdi dieu udc qudc te da phuang

Gia nhap dieu udc quoc te chi dien ra

trong khi dieu udc qudc te da phat sinh

hieu luc va chi ap dung doi vdi qudcgia chua la thanh vien tham gia ky ketdieu udc quoc te

Bieu udc quoc te canphe duyet d miic doquan trong thap han

Tham quyen phe duyetthupe tham quyen caquan hanh phap,thudng tien hanh a caquan nha nude thaphan nhu C;hinh phu,

cap Bq

Phe duyet dien ra cadoi vai dieu udc quoc

te da phucmg va songphuong

phe duyet duqc thuc

hien doi vdi quoc gia

sang lap ra dieu udcquoc te trong thai

diem ki ket dieu udc

quoc te theo trinh tuthu tuc phuc tap

dieu udc quoc te canphai phe chuan d muc

do quan trong cao han

Tham quyen phe chuandieu ude quoc te thuoctham quyen cua caquan lap phap la sudong y ehinh thuc ciia

ca quan co tham quyen(ca quan quyen lire tdicao) cua nha nude do

Phe chuan dien ra cadoi vdi dieu uac quoc

te da phuong va songphuorng

Phe chuan duqc thuc

hien doi vdi qudc gia

sang lap ra dieu uacquoc te, trong thaidiem ki ket dieu uacquoc te theo trinh tuthii tiic phuc tap

gidi lanli tho thi phai

Cau 32: Bao liru dieu udc quoc te day la mot quyen hay la su- iru tien.

Tra Idi:

Bao luu dieu udc qudc te la hanh vi don phuong eua mot chii the luat qudc te tuyen bdnham thay doi hay loai tru he qua cua mot hay mot sd dieu khoan nhat dinh cua didu udc, nliungdieu khoan do dugc goi la dieu khoan bao luu

Bao luu dieu udc day la mot quyen va quyen nay khdng phai la quyen tuyet doi, bdi vi cdnhung han che sau:

Bao luu khdng dien ra vdi dieu udc song phuong bdi vi trong nhung dieu udc songphuong thudng thda thuan y chi cua hai qudc gia vdi nhau Trong trudng hgp mot ben nao do

khong thirc hien noi mot so dieu cua dieu udc thi day la Idi de nghi mdi cua ben ddi phuong, neu

dugc ben ddi phuong ddng y Neu khdng ddng y thi khdng thuc hien dugc quyen bao luu

Ddi vdi nhung dieu udc da phuong ma cd dieu khoan qui dinh hoac cac ben thda thuanmieng vdi nhau rang khdng cho phep bao luu thi quyen bao luu khdng dugc thuc hien Ddi vdinhung dieu udc nhieu ben trong do chi qui dinh cho phep bao luu mot hoac mot vai dieu khoan cu

33

Thi phap luat qudc gia phai qui dinh ve nhung dieu

kien thuan loi lion don gian lion ve mat thu tiic dengudi do cd the gia nhap qudc tich vao nude minh

Khdng duoc hudng quyen va nghTa vu cdng dancua bat ky quoc gia nao Khong dugc hudng quyen

va ngliia vu theo nhung dieu udc qudc te ma quocgia sd tai danh cho ngudi nude ngoai Khong duochudng bao ho ngoai giao ciia bat ky nude nao, dovay dia vi phap li cua ngudi khong qudc tich ratthap kem

Ngudi khdng quoc tich la tinh trang phap li cua

ngudi khong la cong dan cua qudc gia nao

Thi nhung quan he thuoc doituexng dieu chinh cua tu phapquoc te thi ap dung nguyentac quoc tich huu hieu, cu thecoi ngudi hai quoc tich lacong dan mot trong hai nude

va cho phep nude do bao hongoai giao cho ngudi do

Ca hai nude ma ho mangquoc tich deu coi ngudi do lacong dan nude minh dan denhau qua bat lqd cho duong sir,khd khan trong viec yen caudugc bao ho ngoai giao, cacqudc gia deu coi ho la congdan dan den tranh chap quyen

bao ho ngoai giao ddi vdi

duomg su

Ngudi co hai quoc tich la tinh

trang phap li cita mot ngudixet eung mot luc mang quoctich cua hai quoc gia khac

nhau.

Khac nhau

Cau 33: Phan tich Dieu 38 Quy che TAQT: quy dinh nhung loai nguon ciia LQT; Y

nghla ciia dieu khoan

Tra loi:

Tra ldi: dieu 38 chinh la ca sd phap li de xac dinh ngudn.

* Khoan 1 dieu 38 Quy che Toa an cdng ly qudc tecua LHQ quy dinh'Toa an cd trachnhiem giai quyet cac vu tranh chap dugc chuye-n den tda an tren co sd cdng phap qudc te theo:

-Cac cdng udc qudc te chung hoac rieng da thiet lap ra nhung nguyen tac dugc cac bendang tranh chap thua nhan

-Cac tap quan qudc te nhu la mot chung cu thuc tien chung dugc thira nhan la mot tieuchuan phap ly

-Nhung nguyen tac phap ly dirge cae dan toe van minh thira nhan

-Cac Nghi quyet xet xu va eac luan thuyet cua cac chuyen gia cd chuyen mdn cao nhat veluat phap cdng khai ciia nliieu dan tdc khac nhau dugc coi la cac phuang tien bd tra de xac dinhcac tieu chuan phap ly."

Nhan xet: Nhu vay, Dieu 38 Quy che tda an cdng ly quoc te da dua ra danh sach cac ngudntruyen thong ciia LQT nhu: cac cdng udc quoc te chiuig hoac cu the, tap quan qudc te, cac nguyen

the nhat dinh nao do thi quyen bao liru khdng dirge thuc hien ddi vdi nhirng dieu khoan con lai.Doi vdi nhirng dieu udc cho phep tir do lira chon mot hoac mot so nhung dieu khoan nao do debao luu thi quyen bao luu cung khong dirge thuc hien doi vdi nhirng dieu khoan khong phu hopvdi muc dich va doi tucmg cua dieu udc,

Khong phai la quyen tru tien vi khong the co sir iru tien mot dieu khoan cua mot dieu udcqudc te doi vdi mot qudc gia nao khac

Quyen bao luu dien ra trong bat ky giai doan nao cua qua trinh ky ket dieu vac, tuy nhienneu dieu udc qui dinh dieu udc nay chi phat sinh hieu lire sau khi phe chudn nhung qudc gia laituyen bo bao luu tir nhirng giai doan dau cua qua trinh ky ket dieu udc quoc te thi khi phe chuinquoc gia do nhac lai dieu khoan bao luu mdi cd gia tri phap ly

Quoc gia cd quyen bao luu thi cung cd quyen rut bao luu hay huy bo bao luu trong bat kythai diem nao xet thay can thiet

Bao luu cd gia tri mot nam ke tir khi dua ra tuyen bo bao km ma khong cd qudc gia nao phan ddi

Thuc tien bao luu eua VN:

VN bao luu nhirng dieu khoan dieu udc qui dinh phai dua nhung tranh ch^p bat ddng veviec giai thich hoac ap dung dieu udc ra trudc try sd qudc te de giai quyet hoac thong qua mot thutuc giai quyet bat buoc khac bat ke cac ben tranh chap cd ddng y hay khdng

VN ta bao luu nhung dieu khoan ciia dieu udc qudc te khdng phu hap vdi nhirng quandiem mang tinh chat chi dao cua nha nude ta

Vi du: Nguyen tac mang tinh chat cua VN la binh dang nam nir ma cdng udc ve ngudi phu

nu khi lay chdng nude ngoai mac nliien mat di qudc tich ciia minh dieu nay di ngugc lai vdinguyen tac nam nu binh dang cho nen VN da bao luu cdng udc tren

VN bao luu nhung dieu khoan han che su tham gia cua mot sd qudc gia va phong trao giaiphong dan toe

Vi du: Bieu 48, 50 tai Cdng udc vien 1961 ve quyen uu dai va mien trir ngoai giao Chinhirng quoc gia nao khdng phai la thanh vien ciia Lien hiep qudc thi dirge Lien hiep qudc chophep tham gia thi mdi trd thanh thanh vien cua dieu udc tren

Khoan 1 Dieu 2 Cong udc Vien ve luat dieu udc

qudc te

La qua trinli chuyen hoa tvr

luat bat thanh van luat thanh

van

Ca tap quan qudc te va dieu udc qudc te deu la ket qua cua su thong nhat y chi cuacac chu the lien quan; chung deu hinh thanh tir su thda thuan ciia cac ben lien

quan; deu la ngudn chua dung quy pham phap luat qudc te; la cdng cu phap ly

quan trong de dieu chinh qua trinh hcrp tac qudc te

DUQT TQQT

Dieu kien de mot tap quan trd thanh ngudn cua LQT: Khong phai qui t^c xu sir nao hinhthanh trong thuc tien quan he quoc te cung trd thanh nguon ciia LQT Nhung tap quan la ngudn ciiaLQT phai thda man cac dieu kien sau:

-Quy tac xu su duoc coi la tap quan quoc te phai lap di lap lai nhieu Ian, trong mot thai giandai lien tuc va duoc cac qudc gia thda thuan thua nhan hieu luc phap ly bat budc ddi.vdi minh

-Phai la quy tac xu su chung, hinh thanh trong quan he giua cac qudc gia, duoc cac qudcgia tuan thu va ap dung mot each tu nguyen

-Quy tac xU su do phai cd ndi dung phu hop vdi nhung nguyen tac co ban cua LQT

do, ngoai dieu 38, thirc tien ap dung nguon cua cac chu the LQT ciing la co so d8 hinh thanh cacloai nguon cua LQT

Cau 36: phan tich moi quan he giua hai loai nguon nay?

Tra ldi:

Moi quan he giua dieu udc quoc te va tap quan quoc te: Day la 2 loai nguon chinh co banciia LQT, chung ton tai doc lap vdi nhau trong he thong ngudn cua LQT (dieu udc khong cd y nghlaloai bo hieu luc ap dung cua tap quan: qua trinh phap dien hoa tap quan khong lam mat di tap quan

da dupe phap dien hoa trong dieu udc quoc te), nhung giua chiing lai cd mdi quan he tuong tac,bien chung vdi nhau Dieu nay the hien d chd:

* Trong qua trinh xay dung quy pham luat quoc te

-Dieu udc quoc te phai dupe ky ket tren co so tunguyen va binh dang giua cac chu the luat quoc tevdi nhau

- Dupe ky ket phai phu hop vdi thii tuc tham

quyen theo quy dinh ciia cac ben ky ket

- phai co npi dung phu hop vdi cac nguyen tac coban cua luat quoc te

Co gia tri ap dung uu the hon

Van de sua doi, bo sung trong dieu udc don gianhon rat nhieu so vdi tap quan vi dieu udc ton taidudi hinh thuc van ban

Con dieu udc chi can mot su kien duy nhat la sir

ky ket hay tham gia cua cac chu the theo dungtrinh tu, thu tuc Thdi gian hinh thanh dieu udcnhanh hon theo sat duoc su van dons cua cacquan he quoc te

Dieu udc qudc te la thda thuan cong khai va duocthe hien dudi hinh thuc van ban

- tap quan quoc te phai duoc

ap dung 1 thdi gian dai trong

thuc tien quan he quoc te

- tap quan quoc te phai dupethua nhan rong rai nliu nhungquy phani mang tinh bat buoc

- Tap quan quoc te phai cd noidung phu hop vdi cac nguyentac co ban cua luat quoc te

Co gia tri ap dung thap hondieu udc quoc te

Van de sua doi bo sung tronglau dai hem rat nhieu so vdidieu udc quoc te

Toe do hinh thanh dieu udc

quoc te nhanh lion tap quanquoc te vi tap quan muondupe hinh thanh phai trai quaqua trinh lau dai thong quanhieu sir kien lien tiep

Tap quan quoc te la nhungthda thuan mang tinh chatngam dinh, bat thanli van

Cau 37: Ve van de bao lu"u dieu woe quoc te.

Tra loi:

Dieu udc qudc te duoc ky; ket dua tren y chi chu quan cua ttrng qudc gia, tu nguyen ky ket

va tan tam thuc hien Tru trudng hop mot qudc gia cam thay dieu udc qudc te khdng dem lai lod ich

gi cho minh va quyet dinh dut khoat la khdng tham gia, hay cam thay mot dieu udc khac dem lainhung loi ich hoan toan va tham gia ky ket day du, thi tnrcmg hop mot qudc gia khdng hoan toanchap thuan tat ca cac dieu khoan ciia mot dieu udc khdng phai la hilm Tu do, co che bao luu dieukhoan cua dieu udc qudc te ra ddi va duoc qui dinh cu the tai chuong 11, phan 2, Cong udc Vien veLuat dieu udc qudc te 1969

Theo do, 'thuat ngu "bao luu" duoc dimg de chi mot tuyen bd don phuong, bat ke each viethoac ten goi nhu the nao, ciia mot qudc gia khi dua ra ky ket ( ) dieu udc do, nham qua do ma loai

bd hoac sua ddi tac dung phap ly cua mot so quy dinh cua dieu udc trong viec ap dung chung ddivdi qudc gia do"

Cd nhieu van de de ban ve bao luu, nhimg bai viet nay chi gidi han tdi viec chap thuan vabac bd bao luu cua cac qudc gia cung tham gia ky ket vdi qudc gia tuyen bd bao luu Viec bao luuphai thda man nhung dieu kien: dieu udc cho phep bao luu, viec bao luu nam trong pham vi quidinh cua dieu udc khdng di ngugc lai muc tieu cot loi cua dieu udc hay cac nguyen tac ca ban ciiaphap luat qudc te, tap quan qudc te

Viec bao luu se cd hieu lire trong mdi quan he giua qudc gia bao luu vdi timg qudc giakhdng phan ddi (chap thuan) sir bao luu do Trong trudng hop mot qudc gia bao luu va mot qudc

37

-Tap quan quoc te co y nghia la co sd de hinh thanh (lieu udc qudc te thong qua qua trinhphap diln hda Vice nghien ctfu lich su hinh thanh va phat trien cua LQT cho phep khang dinh rang,nhieu quy pham dieu udc quoc te co nguon gdc tu quy pham tap quan quoc te

VD: cac quy dinh ve quyen iru dai mien trir ngo^i giao, lanh su xuat phat tu nguyen tac tontai tir then phong kiln la "khdng giet hai su than", ban ddu quy dinh nay ton tai dudi dang tap quanquoc te, sau dugc phap dien hoa thanh dieu udc

-Didu udc quoc te la co so hinh thanh tap quan thong qua thuc tien ky ket va thuc hi en dieuudc quoc te

*Trong qua trinh thuc hien LQT

-Viec ton tai dieu udc quoc tl khdng cd y nghTa loai bo gia tri ap dung cua tap quan quoc tetucmg duomg ve nbi dung Ca dieu udc quoc te va tap quan qudc te deu duqc hinh thanh tu su thdathuan cua cac chu the LQT, do do cluing co gia tri phap ly ngang nhau, cting song song ton tai

VD: nguyen the tu do bien ca ton tai d ca 2 hinh thuc la tap quan va dieu udc

-Quy pham tap quan cd the bi thay doi, huy bo bang con dudng dieu udc va ngugc lai cung

co trudng hop dieu udc quoc te bi huy bo hoac thay doi bang con dudng tap quam.VD: dieu udc bihuy bdVD: Xuat hien quy pham Jus Cogens mdi dudi dang tap quan Tap quan cd nqi dung trai vdiquy pham Jus Cogens mdi ra ddi tap quan nay se bi htiy bo

-Tap quan cd the tao dieu kien de md rong hieu luc ctia dieu udc qudc te trong trudng hopcac chii the ciia LQT khdng phai la thanh vien ciia dieu udc nhung cd quyen vien dan den quy phamdieu udc vdi tinh chat la tap quan qudc te ap dung cho ben thu ba

VD: Hieu lire cua dieu udc vdi ben thu 3 do vien dan cac quy pham cua dieu udc dudi dangtap quan qudc te

Mdi quan he tren day khang dinh tinh doc lap ton tai cua 2 loai ngudn co ban cua LQT, ddngthai khang dinh mdi quan he qua lai va anh hudng Ian nhau giua chung trong cac quan he qudc te

Cau 38: Bon quoc gia A, B, C va D da ki dieu roc quoc te ve chong khung bo, trong do

ed dieu khoan quy dinh quoc gia thanh vien se dan do ca nhan da thuc hien hoac bi tinh nghithere hien hanh vi khung bo dang hien dien tren lanh thd quoc gia minh cho qudc gia noi hanh

vi khung bd dien ra, khdng phu thudc vao qudc tich ciia ca nhan do Dieu udc qudc te da duoc

ca 4 qudc gia phe chuan va phat sinh hieu luc theo quy dinh ciia dieu udc

Tuy nhien, trong van kien phe chuan dieu urdc, qudc gia D dira ra tuyen bd bao Iuti vdinoi dung qudc gia D se chi dan do ddi vdi cdng dan nude minh neu hanh vi khung bd hoantoan duoc thuc hien tai lanh thd ben ki ket khac Theo quy dinh cua dieu irdc ve chdng khung

bd da ki, tuyen bd bao Iiru cua D la hop phap Truoc tuyen bd ciia D, qudc gia A chap thuan

qudc gia B phan ddi nhung khang dinh phan ddi ciia B khdng lam anh hudng tdi quan he dieu

u'erc giua D va B, qudc gia C phan ddi bao lira cua D va tuyen bd gifi'a hai qudc gia se khdng cdquan he dieu ud'c

Hay cho biet: Theo quy dinh cua Cdng irdc Vien Nam 1969 ve luat dieu irde quoc te,tac ddng ciia tuyen bo bao lira, chap thuan va phan ddi bao lira ddi vdi hieu luc cua dieukhoan dan do va cua dieu udc qudc te ve chdng khiing bd da ky giira cac ben

Tra ldi:

1.CancupMpli:

Dieu 2, Khoan l.d, Cong ircrc Vien ve Luat dieu uac quoc te nam 1969 ghi nhan: "Bao luudieu irac quoc te la hanh dqng don phirong bat ke each viet hoac ten goi nhu the nao cua mot quocgia dua ra khi ky, phe chuan phe duvet hoac gia nhap dieu uoc quoc te do, nham qua do loai bohoac sira doi hieu lire phap ly cua mot hoac mot so quy dinh cua dieu uoc trong viec ap dung chungdoi voi quoc gia do."

Khi mot quoc gia thanh vien cua dieu irdc quoc te tuyen bd bao luu mot hay mot so dieukhoan trong dieu udc va viec bao luu do la hop phap, thi viec chap thuan hay phan ddi tuyen bd baoluu do cua cac qudc gia thanh vien khac se dan den nhung hau qua phap li nhat dinh, duoc quy dinhtai Didu 23, Cdng udc Vien ve Luat dieu udc qudc te nam 1969 nhu sau:

"1 Mot bao luu de ra ddi vdi mot ben khac chieu theo cac dieu 19, 20 va 23 se:

a)Thay ddi nhung quy dinh trong quan he giua qudc gia de ra bao luu vdi ben khac trongchung muc xac dinh ma bao luu da neu ra; va

b)Thay ddi, cung trong chimg muc do, nhung quy dinh ben trong quan he giua cac bentham gia dieu udc vdi qudc gia de ra bao luu

2.Bao luu se khdng thay ddi cac quy dinh cua dieu udc ddi vdi cac ben khac tham gia dieuudc trong nhung quan he giua ho (interse) Khi mot qudc gia Me bd mot bao luu ma khdng chdnglai hieu luc cua dieu udc giua quoc gia do va qudc gia de ra bao luu, thi nhung quy dinh co bao Km

se klidng ap dung gifta hai qudc gia trong chung muc ma bao luu do de ra."

2 Giai quyet tinh hudng:

Vi tuyen bd bao luu dieu khoan dan do cua qudc gia D la hop phap, do do viec chap thuan,phan ddi ciia cac qudc gia thanh vien con lai cua dieu vac quoc te ve chdng khung bd se lam phatsinh cac hau qua phap ly nhat dinh Dua vao cac can cu phap li neu tren ta thay quan he dieu udcgiua cac qudc gia thay ddi nhu sau:

gia khac phan ddi bao luu thi dieu khoan Mo km khdng ton tai trong mdi quan he giua hai qudc gia(cac dieu khoan khac van ton tai binh thubng)

Vdi ca che ky ket nhu vay, dieu udc qudc te, nliin chung da lam tdt vai trd cua minh nhumot chat keo ket dinh cac qudc gia, dam bao on dinh cho sir van hanh cua mot cdng ddng qudc tddang ngay cang duoc ma rdng

-Quoc gia A chap thuan bao luu cua quoc gia D ve dieu khoan dan do, vi vay gifra quoc gia

A va quoc gia D van tori tai quan he di^ii ude quoc te ve ch'orig khung bo, theo do, quoc gia D se chidan dp doi vdi cong dan cua nude minh neu hanh vi khung bo hoan toan duqc thue Men tai lanh thocua nude A va ngupc lai, quoc gia A se dan do doi vdi cong dan nude minh neu hanh vi khung bohoan toan duoc thuc hien tai lanh tho nude D

-Quoc gia B phan doi nhung khang dinh phan doi cua B khong lam anh hudng den quan hedieu udc gi^a D vdi B Nhu vay giua B va D van ton tai quan he dieu udc tuy nhien dieu khoan dan

do thi klidng duqc ap dung

-Quoc gia C phan doi bao luu cria quoc gia D va tuy en bo gifta hai quoc gia se khong coquan he dieu udc, do do giua C va D khong ton tai quan he dieu udc

-Giua cac quoc gia A, B, C van ton tai quan he dieu udc nhu da thda thuan: quoc gia thanhvien se dan do ca nhan da thuc Men ho^c bi tinh nghi thuc hien hanh vi khung bo dang hien dientren lanh tho quoc gia minh cho quoc gia nod hanh vi khung bo dien ra, khong phu thuqc vao quoctich cua ca nhan do.^

Nhu vay, viec chap thuan hay phan doi cua cac quoc gia thanh vien khac cua dieu udc quoc

te ve chong khiing bo doi ydi tuyen bo bao luu cua quoc gia D da dan den nhung hau qua phap li

heu tren Viec quy dinh ve bao luu va hau qua phap If cua viec bao luu trong Cong udc Vien veLuat dieu udc quoc te da dam bao giai quyet hai hoa lqi fch rieng cua quoc gia vdi lqi ich ma quocgia do hudng tod kM tham gia vao dieu udc quoc te tao co hoi choc ho cac qudc gia vln co the trdthanh thanh vien cua mot dieu udc quoc te da phuong du ho khong the hoac khong mudn thuc Menmot ho^c mot so quy dinh cu th6

DE CUONG LUAT QI JOC TE II.

I PHAN NHAN DINH.

Cau 1: Birdug bien gidi qudc gia do mdi qudc gia tw quy dinh

Tra ldi: Sai

Vi bien gidi quoc gia la ranh gidi phan dinh lanh thd cua quoc gia nay vdi quoc gia khac

hoac phan dinh lanh tho ciia quoc gia vdi vung khdng phai la lanh tho quoc quoc gia

Do vay cac quoc gia khdng the tir quy dinh bien gidi quoc gia cho minli vi nliu the se xampham lanh tho ciia nhau Nhu vay viec xac lap bien gidi phai dugc xac dinh dua tren ca so thda

thuan.

Cau 2: Bien gioi tren bo va bien gioi tren bien la khac nhau

Tra Idi: Dung

Vi bien gidi quoc gia tren bo la dudng bien gidi dugc xac dinh tren dat lien, tren dao, trensong ho, bien noi dia

Con bien gidi tren bien la dudng dugc vach ra de phan dinh lanh hai cua quoc gia tren bienvdi vung tiep lien tu nhien ciia bien ca Bien gidi quoc gia tren bien chinh la dudng bien gidi phiangoai cua lanh hai do moi qudc gia quy dinh phu hgp vdi nguyen tac chung cua luat bien quoc te

Giua bien gidi quoc gia tren bo va tren bien cung cd each xac djnh khac nhau

Cau 3: Quoc gia khong eo tham quyen tuyet doi voi cac bo phan lanh tho

Tra 16'i: Dung

Vi giua cac bo phan ciia lanh tho va ngay ca trong 1 bo phan lanh thd khac cua 1 quoc giacung cd quy che phap ly khac nhau nhu doi vdi vung bien cua qudc gia thi cd vung bien thuoc chiiquyen qudc gia, cd vung bien khdng thudc chu quyen qudc gia Trong do lanh hai la vomg bienthudc chii quyen qudc gia nhung van cd che do qua lai vd hai

Cau 4: Tat ca cac tau thuyen cua nha nude deu duoe hirdng quyen mien tru- tuyet ddi

ve tai phan

Tra loi: Sai

Vi tau thuyen nha nude thi chi cd tau quan su, tau nha nude phi thuong mai mdi dugchudng quyen mien tru tuyet ddi ve tai phan Con tau nha nude thucmg mai thi khdng dugc hudngquyen mien tru tuyet ddi ma van hudng quy che phap ly cua tau dan su thong thudng

Cau 5: Them luc dia cd chieu rong tdi da la 350 hai ly

Tra loi: Sai

Vi them luc dia cd chieu rdng tdi da dugc xac dinh la 350 hai ly la so vdi dudng co sd trongtrudng hop khi ma bd ngoai cua ria luc dia ldn hem khoang each 200 hai ly tinh tir dudng ca sd.Nhung chieu rdng cua them luc dia cung can dugc xac dinh theo each khac nua Do la 100 hai lytinh tu dudng dang sau 2500 m

Cau 6: Vung tiep giap lanh hai khdng phai la bo phan lanh thd qudc gia

Tra 16'i: Dung

Vi vung bien gidi qudc gia tren bien chinh la ranh gidi phia ngoai cua lanh hai, con vungtiep giap lanh hai va vung bien khdng thudc chu quyen qudc gia No la vimg bien nim ngoai lanhhai