In this chapter, you will learn about: Thermal generation/excitation, optical generation/excitation, particle bombardment and other external sources.
Trang 1Dr. Nasim Zafar Electronics 1 EEE 231 – BS Electrical Engineering
Fall Semester – 2012
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Virtual campus Islamabad
Trang 3Introduction:
3 Nasim Zafar
Trang 4The carrier transport or the mechanisms which cause charges to move in semiconductors can be classified into two categories. Both these mechanisms will be discuss in this lecture.
Introduction:
4 Nasim Zafar
Trang 55 Nasim Zafar
Trang 6L
V E
6 Nasim Zafar
Trang 77 Nasim Zafar
Trang 8Ø For free charge carriers the thermal energy and the thermal velocity is given by:
Trang 10Ø If an electric field, Ex, is applied along the xdirection to the
Si sample, each electron will experience a net force qEx from
the field, given by:
Ø This force may be insufficient to alter, appreciably, the
random thermal motion of an individual electron, however, there is a net motion of the group in the xdirection.
Ø When electrons collide with the lattice and impurity atoms , there is a loss of energy associated with them.
Trang 12d
F V
Trang 14Ø The force exerted by the field, on n electrons/cm3 is:
(where px , momentum of the group)
Is this a continuous acceleration of
charge of t he electron
drift velocity of charge carrier area of the semiconductor
n q x dp x
dt
Trang 15*
q m
τ
general in
Thus:
Trang 16Carrier Mobility :
Impurity interaction component
Lattice interaction
component
16 Nasim Zafar
Ø There are the two basic types of scattering mechanisms that hinder mobility. Thus the mobility has two components:
Trang 17
0 2
Ø and due to the application of an electric field of 1000 V/m across the
Silicon sample
Lets Solve a Problem:
17 Nasim Zafar
Trang 18of Mobility
18 Nasim Zafar
Trang 193 2
Trang 21Mobility and Scattering: Lattice and Impurity
1 i
1 l
Trang 22) ln(
T T
ln( T )
Peak depends on the density of impurities
Trang 23Current Density
and
Conductivity
Trang 241
Trang 26n p
q J
E qn
E qp
J J
J
E qn
J E
qp J
n p
drift tot
n p
drift n
drift p
drift tot
n drift
n p
drift p
) (
) (
,
, ,
,
, ,
n
qp
26 Nasim Zafar
Trang 27– Unit: ohmcm
Trang 29Ø The peak of the mobility curve depends on the number density of ionized impurities.