In this chapter, you will learn about: Introduction, bipolar transistor currents, bipolar transistor characteristics and parameter, early effect, microelectronic circuits, electronic devices, integrated electronics, electronic devices and circuit theory,...
Trang 1Fall Semester – 2012
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Virtual campusIslamabad
Trang 2
2 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 5BJTsCircuitsB
C
E
5 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 77 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 10– Ideal transistor behaves like a closed switch.
Ø Cutoff:
– Current reduced to zero
– Ideal transistor behaves like an open switch
Trang 12Ø We consider DC behaviour and assume that we are working in the normal linear amplifier regime with
the BE junction forward biased and the CB junction reverse biased.
Trang 13CommonEmitter Output Characteristics
VC E
IC
Active Region
VCE increases with IC Cutoff Achieved by reducing
IB to 0, Ideally, IC will also equal 0.
Output Characteristic Curves (Vc Ic
13 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 14NPN Transistor
Circuit Diagram: NPN Transistor
Trang 15IE=1mA IE=2mA
Breakdown Region
)
15 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 16Transistor Currents Output characteristics:
Trang 17CommonCollector Output Characteristics:
EmitterCurrent Curves
VC E
IE
Active Region
Trang 18Bipolar Transistor Characteristics
• Behaviour can be described by the current
gm of the device
21.4
Trang 19Conventional View & Current Components:
NPN TransistorCEC
19 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 20NPN TransistorCEC
Trang 2121 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 22Ø Two quantities of great importance in the
sometimes referred to as
dc and dc because the relationships being dealt within the BJT are DC.
22 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 24Beta ( ) or amplification factor:
Ø The ratio of dc collector current (IC) to the dc base current (IB) is dc beta ( dc ) which is dc current gain where IC and
IB are determined at a particular operating point, Qpoint (quiescent point).
Trang 25Ø Alpha a common base current gain factor that shows the efficiency by calculating the current percent from
current flow from emitter to collector. The value of is typical from 0.9 ~ 0.998
E
C
I I
E
C
I I
25 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 27T
BE V
V S
Trang 281 1
= Commonemitter current gain (101000; typical 50200) = Commonbase current gain (0.90.999; typical 0.99)
Ø The relationship between the two parameters are:
Trang 29Common emitter dc current gain, dc:
B dc
C I
I
B dc
dc C
B C
dc E
dc C
1
)(
I I
I I
I I
But,
T
T dc
dc
dc 1 1 Note that is large (e.g. = 100)
For NPN transistor, similar analysis can be carried out. However, the emitter current is mainly carried by electrons.
Example: etc
EN EP
EP
I I
I
29 Nasim Zafar.
Trang 30Emitter efficiency:
E
EP EN
EP
EP
I
I I
T EP
T
I
T dc
Trang 31IE = IB + IC = 0.05 mA + 1 mA = 1.05 mA
b = IC / IB = 1 mA / 0.05 mA = 20 = IC / IE = 1 mA / 1.05 mA = 0.95238
IC
IE IB