Chapter 10: Project risk management. In this chapter students will be able to: Understand risk and the importance of good project risk management, discuss the elements of planning risk management and the contents of a risk management plan, list common sources of risks on information technology (IT) projects,...
Trang 1Chapter 10:
Project Risk Management
adopted from PMI’s PMBOK 2000 and Textbook : Information Technology Project Management
Trang 3Typical Risk
Management
Trang 4• Risk management is often overlooked on projects, but it can help improve project success by helping select good projects, determining project scope, and developing
realistic estimates
• Study by Ibbs and Kwak show how risk management is neglected, especially on IT projects
• KPMG study found that 55 % of runaway projects did no risk management at all
Chapter 10
Trang 6• Risk response planning:
taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives
• Risk monitoring and control: monitoring known risks, identifying new risks, reducing risks, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk
reduction
Chapter 10
Trang 7• The level of detail will vary with the needs of the project
Chapter 10
Trang 8• Stakeholder risk tolerances: indicators of how
stakeholders might react in different situations and risk events
• Template for the organization’s risk management plan: proforma standard for used by the project
• WBS: a deliverableoriented grouping of project elements that organized and defines the total scope of the project
Trang 9Tools and technique
• Planning meetings
– everyone responsible for planning and executing activities.
Trang 10Output
• Risk management plan
– It documents procedures for managing risk throughout the project
– It details identification and quantification of risk, responsibilities for managing risks, how contingency plans will be implemented, and how reserves will be allocated.
– other associated documents are
• Contingency plan, feedback plan
Trang 11Chapter 10
Trang 12– Several studies show that IT projects share some
common sources of risk
Trang 13Table 103. Information Technology Success Potential Scoring Sheet
Success Criterion Points User Involvement 19 Executive Management support 16 Clear Statement of Requirements 15 Proper Planning 11 Realistic Expectations 10 Smaller Project Milestones 9 Competent Staff 8 Ownership 6 Clear Visions and Objectives 3 HardWorking, Focused Staff 3
Chapter 10
Trang 14Other Categories of Risk
• Market risk:
– Will the new product be useful to the organization or marketable to others? Will users accept and use the product or service?
Trang 16• Inputs to other processes – for examples, constraints or assumptions
Trang 17– determine their magnitude and priority
Chapter 10
Trang 20tools and techniques
• Risk probabilities & impact – the two dimensions of
specific risks. Risk probability is the likelihood that a risk will occur. Risk consequences (or impact), are the effect
• Data precision ranking – technique to evaluate the degree
to which the data is useful for risk management. Data
should be unbiased and accurate
Trang 21Figure 102. Chart Showing High, Medium, and LowRisk Technologies
Trang 22Chapter 10
Trang 23Table 107. Example of Top 10
Risk Item Tracking
Monthly Ranking Risk Item This
Month
Last Month
leadership 3 1 2 Just assigned a newproject manager to lead
the project after old one quit
Trang 24Expert Judgment
• Many organizations rely on the intuitive feelings and past experience of experts to help identify potential project risks
• Experts can categorize risks as high,
medium, or low with or without more
sophisticated techniques
Chapter 10
Trang 25• Trends in qualitative risk analysis results
Trang 26• Often follows qualitative risk analysis, but both can be done together or separately
• Large, complex project involving leading edge technologies often require extensive quantitative risk analysis
Chapter 10
Trang 27• Other planning outputs
Trang 28• Simulation : uses a model of system to analyze the
behavior or performance of the system. Examples are
Monte Carlo, Critical Path and PERT
Trang 29Decision Trees and Expected
Monetary Value (EMV)
• A decision tree is a diagramming method used to help you select the best course of action in situations in which future
outcomes are uncertain
• EMV is a type of decision tree where you calculate the expected monetary value of a decision based on its risk event probability and monetary value
Chapter 10
Trang 30Figure 103. Expected Monetary
Value (EMV) Example
Trang 31Simulation
• Simulation uses a representation or model of a system to analyze the expected behavior or
optimistic) plus an estimate of the likelihood of the estimate being between the optimistic and
most likely values
Chapter 10
Trang 32• After identifying and quantifying risk, you must decide how to respond to them
Chapter 10
Trang 33• Risk ranking of the project – indicates that overall risk position of a project relative to other projects by
comparing risk scores
• Prioritized list of quantified risks – identifies those that pose the greatest threat or opportunity to the project and proposes some means of measuring their impact
Trang 34Inputs
• Probabilities analysis of achieving the cost and time objective – assessed under the current project plan and with the current
knowledge of the project risks
• List of potential response – identifies specific risks or categories of risk. These list specify the actions the team will take.
• Risk thresholds – the acceptable level of risk to the organization, which influences risk response planning
• Risk owners – identifies staff to provide accountabilities for
managing responses.
• Common risk causes – several risks driven by a common causes. This reveals opportunities to mitigate many risks with one response.
• Trends in qualitative & quantitative risk analysis result become apparent as the analysis is repeated can make risk response more or less urgent and important.
Trang 35Table 108. General Risk Mitigation Strategies for
Technical, Cost, and Schedule Risks
Chapter 10
Trang 36Tools and techniques
• Risk avoidance: eliminating a specific threat or risk, usually by eliminating its causes
• Risk acceptance: accepting the consequences
should a risk occur
• Risk transference: shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party
• Risk mitigation: reducing the impact of a risk
event by reducing the probability of its
occurrence
Trang 37• Secondary risk – arise in direct result of implementing a risk response.
• Contractual agreements
• Contingency reserve amounts needed
• Inputs to other processes
• Inputs to a revised plan
Trang 38– Monitoring risks involves knowing their status
– Controlling risks involves carrying out the risk
management plans as risks occur
– Workarounds are unplanned responses to risk events that must be done when there are no contingency
Trang 39Risk Response Control
• Risk response control involves executing the risk management processes and the risk management plan to respond to risk events
• Risks must be monitored based on defined milestones and decisions made regarding risks and mitigation strategies
• Sometimes workarounds or unplanned
responses to risk events are needed when there are no contingency plans
Chapter 10
Trang 40Using Software to Assist in Project Risk Management
Chapter 10
Trang 41Chapter 10
Trang 42Outputs
• The main outputs of risk monitoring and control are corrective action, project change requests,
and updates to other plans
– Corrective action: This encompasses anything that
brings your expected performance back in line with the project plan. At this stage, it involves carrying out either your contingency plan or workaround
– Project change requests: Implementing a contingency plan or workaround frequently requires changing the risk responses described in the project plan. Know the process flow and feedback loop
Trang 43Outputs (2)
– Updates to risk response plan: Document the risks that occur. Risks that don't occur should also be noted and closed out in the risk response plan. It's important to keep this uptodate, and it becomes a permanent
Trang 44– Risk identification: determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting their characteristics
– Qualitative risk analysis: characterizing and analyzing risks and prioritizing their effects on project objectives
– Quantitative risk analysis: measuring the probability and
consequences of risks
– Risk response planning: taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives
– Risk monitoring and control: monitoring known risks,
identifying new risks, reducing risks, and evaluating the
effectiveness of risk reduction