Chapter 8 - Project human resource management. The learning objectives for this chapter include: Explain the importance of good human resource management on projects, including the current state of the global IT workforce and future implications for it; define project human resource management and understand its processes;...
Trang 2– influence and power: types of power
– effectiveness: 7 habits for highly effective persons
• Organizational Planning
• using software to assist in HRM
Trang 3– 1 in 14 American workers are involved in IT jobs
– Although women represent 47 percent of the work
force, they make up only 29 percent of IT jobs
Chapter 8
Trang 4What is Project Human Resource Management?
• Project human resource management
includes the processes required to make the most effective use of the people involved with a project.
• Processes include
– Organizational planning <= planning phase – Staff acquisition <= planning phase – Team development <= execution phase
Chapter 8
Trang 5Keys to Managing People
• Psychologists and management theorists have
devoted much research and thought to the field of managing people at work
• Important areas related to HR management
include
– motivation theory
• Marlow, Herzberg and McGregor – influence and power
– effectiveness of manager
• Stephen Covey
Chapter 8
Trang 6Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs
to illustrate his theory that people’s behaviors are guided by a sequence of needs
• Maslow argued that humans possess unique
qualities that enable them to make independent choices, thus giving them control of their destiny
• Human needed to be satisfied starting from the lowest level and move upward
Trang 7Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Chapter 8
Trang 8Herzberg’s Motivational and
Hygiene Factors
• Frederick Herzberg wrote several famous books and articles about worker motivation. He
distinguished between
– motivational factors: achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, which produce job satisfaction
– hygiene factors: cause dissatisfaction if not present, but do not motivate workers to do more. Examples include larger salaries, more supervision, and a more attractive work environment
Chapter 8
Trang 9• Theory Y
– assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the satisfaction of esteem and selfactualization needs
• Usually, many managers use of mixture of these theories to their daytoday work to motivate team members
• Theory Z
– introduced in 1981 by William Ouchi and is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality,
collective decision making, and cultural valuesChapter 8
Trang 10interpersonal skill
Chapter 8
Trang 12• Staffing requirements
– define skills required of individuals or groups and the desired time frame within which they’ll be needed
• Constraints
– factors such as organizational structure, collective bargaining agreements with unions or other employee group, preferences of the project team, expected staff assignments
Trang 13Tools and techniques
• Templates
– help to define roles and responsibilities or reporting relationships
Trang 14• Organization chart
– displays the reporting relationships in a graphic format
• Supporting details
– includes organizational impact, job descriptions, training needs
Trang 15Staff acquisition
• 13th of 21 planning phase process
• It involves getting the people resources needed assigned to and working on the project.
• The project manager doesn’t not always have
direct control over these resources because many
of them will be assigned to the project team by other managers
Trang 16Staff acquisition
• Staffing plans and good hiring procedures are important
in staff acquisition, as are incentives for recruiting and retention
Trang 17Inputs to Staff acquisition
• Staff management plan
– describe when and how HR will join and leave the project team. Resource histograms that show resource requirements, their
usage, and availability along a timeline are often incorporated into the staff management plan. It is part of the project plan. It is the main Organizational planning output
• Staffingpool description
– includes the characteristics of potential staff, their experience, interests, characteristics, and availability
• Recruitment practices
– include various organizational policies, guidelines, and
procedures governing staff assignment. These are a constraint on staffing
Trang 18• Preassignment
– in some cases, staff were promised the assignment before the project started. It is an internal practice in many organizations.
• Procurement
– recruiting people outside the organization. This
technique entails hiring consultants and contractors
Trang 20Sample Organizational Chart for a
Large IT Project
Chapter 8
Trang 21Resource Loading and Leveling
• Resource loading
– refers to the amount of individual resources an existing project schedule requires during specific time periods
– Resource histograms show resource loading
– Overallocation means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time
• Resource leveling
– a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks– The main purpose of resource leveling is to create a smoother distribution of resource usage and reduce overallocation
Chapter 8
Trang 22Sample Resource Histogram for
a Large IT Project
Trang 23Resource Leveling Example
Trang 24• It is necessary to develop each person in both managerial and technical areas.
– Training can help people understand themselves, each other, and how to work better in teams
• Team building activities include
– physical challenges
– psychological preference indicator toolsChapter 8
Trang 25Inputs to Team Development
• Project staff
– It is an output of Staff Acquisition process, where it is project staff assigned. – The key is that particular skill sets for individuals and the team are available
• External feedback
– criticism from outside the project helps the project team make periodic
measures of performance.
Trang 26Tools and techniques
• General management skills
– include leadership, communication, negotiation skills, problem solving, and influencing the organization.
Trang 27Tools and techniques (2)
• Collocation
– despite the fact that various communications technologies can bring people together easily, it is still generally a good idea to places team members in the same physical location. It can help to develop the team
Trang 28• Allow time for team members to mentor and help each other to meet project goals and develop human resources
Chapter 8
Trang 29Chapter 8
Trang 30Social Styles
Trang 31MeyersBriggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
• MBTI is a popular tool for determining personality
preferences and helping teammates understand each other
Chapter 8
Trang 32organization’s HR policy.
Trang 33• Acknowledge individual and group
accomplishments
Chapter 8
Trang 34Using Software to Assist in
Human Resource Management
• Software can help in producing RAMS and resource histograms
• Project management software includes
several features related to human resource management such as
– viewing resource usage information
– identifying under and overallocated resources – leveling resources
Chapter 8
Trang 35Chapter 8