Chapter 11 - Project procurement management. After reading this chapter, you will be able to: Understand the importance of project procurement management and the increasing use of outsourcing for information technology (IT) projects; describe the work involved in planning procurements for projects, including determining the proper type of contract to use and preparing a procurement management plan, statement of work, source selection criteria, and make-or-buy analysis;...
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Chapter 11:
Project Procurement
Management
adopted from PMI’s PMBOK 2000 and Textbook : Information Technology Project Management
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Importance of Project Procurement Management
– To provide flexibility
– To increase accountability
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Project Procurement Management Processes
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Figure 111. Project Procurement
Management Processes and Key Outputs
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Trang 7• Market consideration – affect available products and services that have an impact on decisionmaking
• Other planning inputs – includes miscellaneous items such as cost and schedule estimates, quality management plans, cashflow
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Tools and techniques
• Makeorbuy analysis – determines whether it’s more cost effective for the performing
organization to produce the produce the product
or purchase it form an outside vendor.
• Expert judgment – can be sought from groups or individuals with specialized knowledge or
training. These include technical consultant
company, HR consultant company
• Contact type selection – an important factor to influence and control the seller’s performance.
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Outputs from Procurement
planning
• Procurement management plan – part of project plan. It describes how the remaining procurement processes (solicitation planning, contract
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Statement of Work (SOW)
• A statement of work is a description of the work required for the procurement
• Many contracts, mutually binding
agreements, include SOWs
• A good SOW gives bidders a better
understanding of the buyer’s expectations
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Collaborative Procurement
• Several organizations, even competitors, have found that it makes sense to
collaborate on procurement for some
projects
• Kodak worked with several competitors to develop the Advantix Advanced Photo
System (see What Went Right?)
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– includes preliminary cost and schedule estimates, quality management plans, cashflow projections, the WBS identified risks, and planned staffing
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Tools and techniques
• Standard forms – include standardized contracts, description of procurement items, and bid documents.
• Expert judgment can be sought from groups or individuals with specialized knowledge or training. These include technical consultant company, HR
consultant company
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Solicitation
• 5th of 7 executing phase process
• It involves obtaining information in the form of bids and proposals from prospective sellers.
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Inputs to Solicitation
• Procedure documents – solicit proposals from
potentials buyers. Documents include Request for proposal (RFP), Request for quotation (RFQ),
Invitation to bidding, invitation for negotiation, contractor initial response.
• Qualified seller lists – The preferred vendors for
a product or service. The performing
organization usually has a list of preferred
suppliers.
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Tools and technique
• Bidder conferences – provide mutual
understandings in meetings. Bidder conferences give a change to exchange key information with the project manager and his team.
• Advertising – request for services, supplies,
materials, and equipments completed primarily
on government projects to ensure equal access to bidding opportunities.
Trang 22– It becomes an important part of the project records. It some cases, they become the SOW – In many events, the proposals are used to
develop the formal contracts.
Trang 23• During Source Selection, project manager use the proposals and evaluation criteria (developed in Solicitation Planning) and exercise his judgment in analyzing the answers from the sellers in order to select the best (or most suitable) bid.
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Be Careful in Selecting Suppliers
and Writing Their Contracts
• Many dotcom companies were created to meet potential market needs, but many went out of business, mainly due to poor business planning, lack of senior management operations
experience, lack of leadership, and lack of
visions. Check the stability of suppliers
• Even wellknown suppliers can impede project success. Be sure to write and manage contracts well with all suppliers (see What Went Wrong?)
Trang 25• Evaluation criteria – establish ratings or scores for proposals. The criteria can be objective or
subjective.
• Organizational policies – it may affect the project manager’s decision. These policies can come
from any of the organization involved in the
project
Trang 26• Weighting system – to quantify data in 3 steps to minimize personal prejudices of source selection. First, they assign numerical weight to evaluation criteria. Second, they rate the seller. Finally, they multiply weights by rating and totaling overall score.
• Screening system – establish minimum performance criteria.
• Independent estimates – prepared by the project procuring section to determine any significant differences. The differences could mean the seller didn’t understand the SOW or omitted something in the SOW.
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Outputs from Source selection
• Contract – a mutually binding agreement that
obligates a seller to provide goods or services and the buyer to make payment.
• It establishes a legal relationship that is subject to remedy in court.
Trang 28• Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
– the buyer pays the seller for allowable performance
costs plus a fixed fee payment usually based on a percentage of estimated costs
• Cost plus percentage of costs (CPPC)
– the buyer pays the seller for allowable performance
costs plus a predetermined percentage based on total costs
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Figure: Contract Types Versus Risk
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Contract Administration
• 7th of 7 executing phase process
• Ensures that the seller’s performance meets contractual requirements
• Many project managers ignore contractual issues, which can result in serious problems
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Inputs to Contract Administration
• Contracts a mutually binding agreement that obligates a seller to provide goods or services and the buyer to make payment
• Work results – seller’s deliverables, quality standards, and actual costs
• Change requests – modifications to the contract or its
description of the product or service. If the seller’s work
is unsatisfactory, the project manager can terminate the contract.
• Seller invoices – submitted periodically and requesting payment for work performed. The contract defines
invoice requirements and supporting document
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Tools and technique
• Contract change control system – defines how a contact may be modified. It includes paperwork, tracking system, dispute resolution procedures, and the hierarchy of
approval levels
• Performance reporting – tells the project management
team how effective the seller is achieving the contractual objectives. Performance reporting is generated by the
communications process. It is part of processes of
controlling the project
• Payment system – it involves the organization’s account payable process
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Outputs from Contract
Administration
∙ Correspondence – retained as a way of documenting and clarifying the contracts’ terms and conditions.
∙ Contract changes – changes (formal and informal) are fed back through the planning and procurement processes. The project plan or other relevant documentation is
updated when necessary
∙ Payment requests – Issues when project manager are
using an external payment system. It is the responsibility
of the project manager to interface with account payable for timely payments to sellers
Trang 34• Contract closeout includes
– product verification to determine if all work was completed
correctly and satisfactorily
– administrative activities to update records to reflect final results – archiving information for future use
• Procurement audits identify lessons learned in the
procurement process
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Tools and technique
• Procurement audits – structured reviews of the procurement process, from
procurement planning through contract
admin. The objective of a procurement
audit is to identify success and failures that warrant transfer to other procurement
items o this project or to other projects.
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Outputs from Contract closure
• Formal acceptance & closure – provides the seller with formal written notice that the contract has been completed.
• Contract file – a complete set of indexed records. Compile them for inclusion with the final project records.
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– managing the relationship with the vendor
• Contract closeout
– completion and settlement of the contract