In this chapter you will learn: Define a point estimator, a point estimate, and desirable properties of a point estimator such as unbiasedness, efficiency, and consistency; define an interval estimator and an interval estimate; define a confidence interval, confidence level, margin of error, and a confidence interval estimate;...
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Estimation and Confidence Intervals
Trang 4Point Estimate …is a single value (statistic) used to
estimate a population value (p arameter)
Trang 9Constructing Confidence Intervals
Trang 10Interpreting Confidence Intervals
Interpreting Confidence Intervals
The Globe
Suppose that you read that
“…the average selling price
of a family home in York Region is
$200 000 +/ $15000
at 95% confidence!”
“…the average selling price
of a family home in York Region is
$200 000 +/ $15000
at 95% confidence!”
This means…what? This means…what?
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Interpreting Confidence Intervals
Interpreting Confidence Intervals
In statistical terms, this means:
…that we are 95% sure that the
interval estimate obtained contains the value of the
Trang 12Interpreting Confidence Intervals
Interpreting Confidence Intervals
is 40 days.
Your newspaper also reports
that…
You select a random sample of 36 homes sold during the past year, and determine a 90% confidence interval estimate for the population mean to
be (3139) days
Do your sample results support the paper’s claim? Do your sample results support the paper’s claim?
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Interpreting Confidence Intervals
Interpreting Confidence Intervals
i.e., the population mean is not 40 days, when using a 90% interval estimate
Our evidence does not support the statement made by the newspaper,
i.e., the population mean is not 40 days, when using a 90% interval estimate
Trang 14Interpreting Confidence Intervals
Trang 15z X
P(
0 1.75
Locate Area on the normal curve
Locate Area on the normal curve
Trang 16Constructing Confidence Intervals
Also, 95% of the
sample means for
a specified sample size will lie within
1.96 standard deviations of the hypothesized
Trang 17known or n > 30
If the population standard deviation is
unknown and n<30
More
on this later…
More
on this later…
Trang 18Our Our best estimate is 24 hours.best estimate is 24 hours.
The Dean of the Business School wants to
estimate the mean number of hours
worked per week by students.
A sample of 49 students
showed a mean of 24 hours
with a standard deviation of 4 hours What is the population
mean ?
This is a point estimate
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Student’s tdistribution Student’s tdistribution
….used for small sample sizes
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
…like z , the tdistribution is continuous
…takes values between –4 and +4
…it is bellshaped and symmetric about zero
…it is more spread out and flatter at the centre
than the zdistribution
…for larger and larger values of degrees of
freedom , the tdistribution becomes closer and closer to the standard normal distribution
Trang 241.3839
Trang 282.20111
Trang 30for the mean amount spent
Student’s tdistribution Student’s tdistribution
Trang 31We are 99% confident that the mean amount spent per customer is between $3.50 and
Trang 32FormulaFormula
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A sample of 500 executives who own their own home revealed 175 planned to sell their homes and retire to Victoria.
Develop a 98% confidence interval for the proportion of executives that
plan to sell and move to Victoria
Constructing Confidence Intervals
for Population Proportions
Trang 341 ( 35
33
2 35
.
0497
35
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FinitePopulation Correction Factor
FinitePopulation Correction Factor
Used when Used when n/N is 0.05 or more n / N is 0.05 or more
The attendance at the college hockey game last night
was 2700. A random sample of 250 of those in attendance revealed that the average number of drinks consumed per person was 1.8
with a standard deviation of 0.40.
The attendance at the college hockey game last night was 2700 A random sample of 250 of those in attendance revealed that the average number of drinks consumed per person was 1.8
Trang 36N = n = x =
s = /2 =
N = n = x =
s = /2 =
FinitePopulation Correction Factor FinitePopulation Correction Factor The attendance at the college hockey game last night was 2700. A sample of 250 of those in attendance revealed that the average number of drinks consumed per person was 1.8 with a standard deviation of 0.40.
Develop a 90% confidence interval estimate.… The attendance at the college hockey game last night was 2700. A sample of 250 of those in attendance revealed that the average number of drinks consumed per person was 1.8 with a standard deviation of 0.40.
Develop a 90%
confidence interval
estimate.…
2700 250 1.8
0.40 0.05
Since 250/2700 > 05, use the correction factor
) 1
2700
250
2700
)(
250
4
.
( 645
1
8
.
1
04
0
8 1
90% CL =
N 1 n
s
X
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Selecting the Sample
Size
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E … is the allowable error
Z …is the zscore for the chosen level of confidence
S …is the sample deviation of the pilot survey
Selecting the
Sample Size
Trang 40Sample Size
How large a sample is required?How large a sample is required?
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Selecting the
Sample Size
A minimum of
107 homes must be sampled
90% CL =
25.0020
2.58
E s
zα/2
Trang 42Selecting the
Sample Size
Trang 43Z E
203
.. 96
1)
3.1
(3
233.65)
21(
n = 896.4
A minimum of 897 children must be sampled
A minimum of 897 children must be sampled
Trang 44searchable glossary access to Statistics Canada’s EStat data
…and much more!
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This completes Chapter 9