When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to: Conduct the sign test for single and dependent samples using the binomial and standard normal distributions as the test statistics, conduct a test of hypothesis for dependent samples using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, conduct and interpret the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for independent samples,...
Trang 21. Conduct the sign test for single and dependent samples
using the binomial and standard normal distributions
as the test statistics
2. Conduct a test of hypothesis for dependent samples
using the Wilcoxon signedrank test
When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:
3. Conduct and interpret the Wilcoxon ranksum test
for independent samples
Trang 3different from zero
Trang 4T erminology
…is the difference between the largest and the smallest value
Trang 6Determine the sign of the
difference between related pairs
Determine the sign of the
difference between related pairs
The Sign Test …continued
Procedure to conduct the test:
Trang 7…if the number of pluses or minuses
Trang 8The Gagliano Research Institute for Business Studies
is comparing the Research and Development expense (R&D) as a percent of income for a sample of glass
Trang 9Company 2000 2001 Difference Sign
Savoth Glass 20 16 4 +
Ruisi Glass 14 13 1 +
Rubin Inc 23 20 3 +
Vaught 24 17 7 +
Lambert Glass 31 22 9 +
Pimental 22 20 2 +
Olson Glass 14 20 6
Flynn Glass 18 11 7 +
Company 2000 2001 Difference Sign Savoth Glass 20 16 4 +
Ruisi Glass 14 13 1 +
Rubin Inc 23 20 3 +
Vaught 24 17 7 +
Lambert Glass 31 22 9 +
Pimental 22 20 2 +
Olson Glass 14 20 6
Flynn Glass 18 11 7 +
Normal Approximation Normal Approximation
Continued…
Trang 10Step 1: H0: p=.5 H1: p<.5
Step 2: H0: is rejected if the number
of negative signs is 0 or 1Step 3: There is one negative difference, i.e. there was an increase
companyStep 4: H0 is rejected R&D expense as a percent of income
Normal Approximation Normal Approximation
Continued…
Trang 11approximation to the binomial
distribution The z distribution is used as the test statistic
Trang 13: H
$ 450
= median
0
H
252
2300
5
)300(
50.)
5.170
(
5
50.)5
(
n
n x
z
Trang 15Steps 1. Compute the differences between
related observations
2. Rank the absolute differences
from low to high
3. Return the signs to the ranks and sum positive and negative ranks
4. Compare the smaller of the two rank sums
with the T value, obtained from the Appendix
of Wilcoxon T values
Trang 16sums is less than or equal to 5 See the Appendix of Wilcoxon T Values
ontinued…
Trang 17Company 2000 2001 Difference ABSDiff Rank R + R
Trang 18The smaller rank sum is 5, which is equal to the critical value of T.
H0 is rejectedThe percent has declined from one year to the next
Company 2000 2001 Difference ABSDiff Rank R + R
Trang 20…to determine the value of the test statistic W, all data values are ranked from low to high
as if they were from a single
population …the sum of ranks for each of the two samples is
2
)1(
2 1
2 1
2 1
1
n n
n n
n n
n
W
z
Trang 21Ford and a Chevrolet, for the administration’s use when travelling.
The repair costs for the two cars
over the last three years is shown
on the next slide
At the 05 significance level is there a difference in the two distributions?
Wilcoxon RankSum Test
ontinued…
Trang 23H1: The percent declined Step 2: H0 is rejected if z >1.96 or z is less than –1.96
Wilcoxon RankSum Test
Step 3: The value of the test statistic is 0.914
12
)19
8)(
9(8
2
)19
8(
85
.8112
)1(
2
)1(
2 1
2 1
2 1
1
n n
n n
n n
n
W
ontinued…
Trang 24of the two vehicles!
We cannot conclude
that there is a difference
in the distributions of the repair costs
of the two vehicles!
Trang 26R n
R
k k
12
1 21
2 22
2
Trang 27Keely Ambrose, director of Human Resources
for Miller Industries, wishes to study the percent increase in salary for middle managers
Trang 30Copyright © 2004 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
) 1 20 (
3 5
) 1 (
3
) (
) (
) (
)
( ) 1 (
2
2 3 2
2 2 1
Trang 32RankOrder Correlation
…Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation reports the association between two sets of
Trang 33Spearman’s RankOrder Correlation
Spearman’s RankOrder Correlation
ontinued…
Trang 34Spearman’s RankOrder Correlation RankOrder Correlation
Testing the significance of rs
State the null hypothesis:
Rank correlation in population is 0State the alternate hypothesis:
Trang 35Spearman’s RankOrder Correlation
Spearman’s RankOrder CorrelationThe preseason football rankings for the Atlantic
Coast Conference by the coaches and sports writers are shown below. What is the coefficient of rank
School Coaches Writers
Trang 36ontinued…
Trang 37Spearman’s RankOrder Correlation
Spearman’s RankOrder Correlation
School Coaches Writers d d 2
(8
)8(
6
)1(
6
n n
Trang 38searchable glossary access to Statistics Canada’s EStat data
…and much more!
Trang 39This completes Chapter 16