Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon
Trang 1I – ANKAN (mạch hở) C n H 2n+2 ; n≥1
0
CO Na CH NaOH
COONa
4. 2CH4 1500 →0C C2H2 +2H2 (crackinh ankan CH 4 )
0
H H C H
0
H C H
H
0
H
0
H C CH H
C crackinhtC→ + (crackinh butan C 4 H 10 )
‖ ‖
O O
12. CH3COOH + NaOH →CaO,t0C CH4 + Na2CO3 + H2O (D/c CH 4 )
0
H C CH H
C crackinhtC→ + (crackinh ankan)
0
17. CO H vikhuan CH H O
2 4
2
2 4 250
, 2
0
0
H
21. 2CH3COONa+2H2O →đpdd C2H6 +2NaOH +2CO2 +H2 ↑
22. C2H5Cl +2Na+Cl−C2H5 →C4H10 +2NaCl
23. C5H12 crackinh → C3H6 +C2H6
0
H C H C H
0
26. C2H6 →xt,t0 C2H2 +2H2
27. CH3 −CH2 −CH =CH2 +H2 →Ni C4H10
29. CH O cacoxitnit o C HCHO H O
2 600
, 2
4
0
+
Trang 230. C n H2n 2 n O2 nCO2 (n 1)H2O
2
1 3
+ +
→
+ + +
II – XICLOANKAN (mạch vòng) Cn H 2n ; n≥3
(1,3 – đibrompropan)
(1 – brompropan)
36.
CH3 t , →0xt
CH3 + 3H2 6
Cl
38.
III – ANKEN Cn H 2n ; n≥2
41. C H H O H SO loang t C C H OH
5 2
, 2
4 2
0 4
2
42. C2H4 +2KMnO4 +2H2O→C2H4(OH)2 +2KOH +2MnO2
0
H C H
H
0
H H C H
46. C2H4Br2 +Zn→C2H4 +ZnBr2
47. C2H4 +[O]+H2OddKMnO4→C2H4(OH)2 hoặc viết:
2 2
4 2 2
4 4
49. C4H10 crackinh → C2H6 +C2H4 (D/c anken C 2 H 4 )
2 4 2 180
, 5
2
0 4
52. C2H4(OH)2 +HBr→C2H4Br+2H2O
54. C3H6 +[O]+H2OddKMnO4→C3H6(OH)2
56. CH3 −CH =CH2 +Br2 →CH3 −CHBr−CH2Br
57. 2CH2 =CH −COONa+2H2Odpdd →
↑ +
↑ +
+
=
−
CH
0 4 2
59. CH2 =CH2 +[O] +H2 ddKMnO4→HO−CH2 −CH2 −OH
60. C6H6 +C2H4 →C6H5 −CH2 −CH3
62. C6H12 →xt,t0C C6H6 +3H2
63. C n H2n n O2 nCO2 nH2O
2
+
IV – ANKADDIEN Cn H 2n-2 ; n≥3
Trang 3CH2 – CH – CH = CH2
| |
64. CH2 =CH −CH =CH2+ Br2 →
| |
Br Br
| | | |
(cao su buna)
68. CH2 = C – CH = CH2 t →0P,xt
5
71. nCH CH CH CH xt,P,t ( CH2 CH CH CH2 )n
2 2
0
−
=
−
−
−
→
=
−
−
(polibutaddien)
72. CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 →xt , t P, 0 - CH2 – CH –
|
(Polivinyl etilen)
V – ANKIN Cn H 2n-2 ; n 2≥
73. 2CH ≡CH CuCl,NH4Cl→CH2 =CH −C ≡CH
0
75. C2H2 + H2 Pd/PdCO3→C2H4 (PƯCộng ankin C 2 H 2 )
3 80
/ 2
2
2
0
4
+
78. C2H2 +4[O]ddKMnO4→HOOC−COOH hoặc viết
79. CH3 −CHCl2 →CH ≡CH +2HCl
80. CH ≡CH +2HCl→CH3 −CHCl2
81. AgC≡CAg+2HCl→CH ≡CH +2AgCl↓
2
+
0
84. C2H4Br4 +2Zn→T0 C2H2 ↑+2ZnBr2 (Đ/c ankin C 2 H 2 )
85. CaO+ C →20000C CaC2 +CO
3
2 2
2
, 2
4
89. nCH ≡CH Ca, 2800C→[−CH =CH−]n (cupren)
0
91. C2H2 +2AgNO3 +2NH3 →C2Ag2 +2NH4NO3
92. C2Ag2 +2HCl→C2H2 +2AgCl↓
93. C H +HClHgCl,tC→CH2 =CHCl
2 2
0 2
94. nCH CHCl xt,P,t C ( CH2 CHCl )n
2
0
−
−
−
→
=
95. C n H2n 2 n O2 nCO2 (n 1)H2O
2
1 3
− +
→
− +
−
VI – AREN Cn H 2n-6 n 6≥
96. C6H12 →xt,t0 C6H6 +3H2
0
0
H
99. C6H6 +CH3Cl →AlCl3 C6H5 −CH3 +HCl
Trang 4NO2
|
102. + Br2 + HBr
+ HBr
103. + Br2
104.
+ Br2 + HBr
105.
(sản phẩm chính)
+ Br2
(sản phẩm phụ)
106. C6H6 +3Cl2 →C6H6Cl6
107. CH CH CH CH CH CH xt →,t0C
3 2 2 2 2
n – hexan
109.C6H5CH3+2KMnO4 +H2O→t0 C6H5COOK+2MnO2 +KOH
Kali benzoat
110. C6H5COOK+HCl→C6H5COOH +KCl
111. C H +C H Clxt →,t C6H5C2H5 +HCl
5 2 6 6
0
112. C6H5C2H5 +Cl2 →as C6H5CHClCH2 +HCl
113. C H CHClCH xt →,t C6H5CH =CH2 +HCl
2 5
6
0
2 3
5 6
170 3
6 6
0
+
→
+
Axit benzensunfonic
2 3 2 5 6 2
3 6
117. C6H6 +CH2 =CH2 H →2SO4 C6H5C2H3
118. C6H6 +CH2 =CH −CH3 H →2SO4 C6H5CH(CH3)2(cumen)
119. C H C H Cl AlCl C H C n H n HCl
n
n → +
6
120. C n H2n 6 n O2 nCO2 (n 3)H2O
2
3
+
−
121. CH3(CH2)4CH3 Al2O3/Cr2O3,5000C,40atm→C6H6 +4H2 (D/c C6H6)
122. CH3(CH2)5CH3 xt →,t0,P C6H5CH3 +4H2 (D/c toluen)
123. C6H12 xt →,t0,P C6H6 +3H2
0
CH CH H C H
CH CH H
125.
Fe, t o
CH3
Fe, t o
CH3 Br
CH3 Br
+ HBr
askt CH2- Br
askt
CH2-CH3
Br-CH-CH3
CH-CH2-Br
CH3
Br
Trang 5127.
VII – STIREN (C 8 H 8 ) VÀ NAPHTALEN (C 10 H 8 )
o
xt t p
130. C10H8 + 2H2 Ni, 1500C→ C10H12 (tetralin)
131. C10H12 + 3H2 Ni, 2000C, 35atm→
C10H18 (đecalin)
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.