Organizational behavior core concepts by kinicki chapter11

Leadership: What makes an Effective Leader... Learning Objectives • Discuss theories that look for ideal leadership traits and one best style of leadership • Explain how leadership style

Leadership: What makes an

Effective Leader

Learning Objectives

• Discuss theories that look for ideal

leadership traits and one best style of leadership

• Explain how leadership style interacts with situational control and other

situational variables

• Describe the difference between

transactional and transformational leadership

• Summarize the alternative views of

shared leadership, servant-leadership,

Gender and Leadership

• Men were seen as displaying more task leadership

• Women were seen as displaying more

Gender and Leadership

• Men and women were equally assertive

• Women executives, when rated by their peers, managers, and direct reports,

scored higher than their male counterparts on a variety of effectiveness criteria

Key Positive Leadership Traits

The Ohio State Studies

The Leadership Grid

• Formed by the intersection of two

dimensions: concern for production and concern for people

The Leadership Grid

Behavioral Styles in Perspective

• Leader behaviors can be systematically improved and developed

• There is no one best style of leadership

• It is important to consider the difference between how frequently and how

effectively managers exhibit various leader behaviors

Situational Theories

• Situational theories

– propose that leader styles should match the situation at hand.

Fiedler’s Contingency Model

The performance of a leader depends

on two interrelated factors:

• The degree to which the situation

gives the leader control and influence

• The leader’s basic motivation

What refers to the amount of influence the

leader has in his immediate work environment?

A Contingency control

B Situational control

Three Dimensions of Situational

Representation of

Fiedler’s Contingency Model

Path-Goal Theory

• Describes how leadership effectiveness

is influenced by the interaction between leadership behaviors and a variety of

contingency factors

Path-Goal Theory

• Contingency factors

– variables that influence the appropriateness

of a leadership style

A General Representation of

House’s Revised Path-Goal Theory

Figure 11-2

Categories of Leader Behavior

Question?

Which transformational leader behavior

encourages employees to question the status quo?

A Inspirational motivation

B Idealized influence

C Individualized consideration

D Intellectual stimulation

A Transformational Model of

Leadership

International Leadership: Lessons

from the GLOBE Project

• An attempt to develop an empirically

based theory to describe, understand, and predict the impact of specific cultural variables on leadership and

organizational processes and the effectiveness of these processes

The Leader-Member Exchange

(LMX) Model of Leadership

• Focuses on the quality of relationships between managers and subordinates as opposed to the behaviors or traits of

either leaders or followers

• Revolves around the development of

dyadic relationships between managers

• out-group exchange

– a partnership characterized by

a lack of mutual trust, respect and liking

Managerial Implications

• Leaders are encouraged to establish

high-performance expectations for all of their direct reports

• Managers should be careful that they

don’t create a homogeneous work environment

Servant Leadership

• Servant leadership

– focuses on increasing services to others rather than oneself

Characteristics of the Leader

Servant-The Level 5 Hierarchy