Human resource management disease ch 1

Pathology at First GlanceHomeostasis: internal stability of the body Pathology: abnormal condition causing measurable changes in structure and function Pathogenesis: development of di

Chapter 1

Introduction to Disease

Pathology at First Glance

Homeostasis: internal stability of the body

Pathology: abnormal condition causing

measurable changes in structure and function

Pathogenesis: development of disease in

stages

Pathology at First Glance (cont’d.)

Syndrome: Defined collection of signs and

symptoms that characterize a condition

Diagnosis: Use of scientific or clinical methods

to determine nature of the disease Basis for

treatment based on exam, signs, symptoms

history, lab data, diagnostic tests.

Prognosis: Predicted course and outcome.

Describing Disease

Signs

 Abnormal objective findings

 Examples: redness, swelling, purulent discharge,

fever, pulse, pallor

Symptoms

 Subjective patient reports

 Examples: difficulty swallowing, pain, fatigue,

headache, dizziness, itching

Describing Disease (cont)

Acute Illness

 onset is usually abrupt

 symptoms present themselves over hours to days

 duration brief (<6 months)

Chronic Illness

 onset is slower

 symptoms persist from acute/subacute phases

 duration indefinite (> 6 months)

Disease

 Remission: Signs and symptoms subside.

 Exacerbation: Signs and symptoms recur

in all severity during this period.

 Relapse: Occurs when a disease returns

weeks or months after its apparent

cessation.

 Complication: Disease or other abnormal

state developing when a person already

suffers from another disease.

Causes of Disease

o Etiology: Cause of a disease.

o Idiopathic: The cause of the disease is not known.

Risk factors

 Predisposing Factors

 gender

 lifestyle

 environment

 heredity

 Non-changeable predisposing factors

 gender

Risk factors (cont)

 Changeable predisposing factors

 Lifestyle

 Environment

More Diagnosis Info

 Diagnosis of Disease

 medical history

 physical exam

 laboratory tests (blood count, chemistry, etc.)

 imaging tests (MRI, CT, X-ray, ultrasound, etc.)

 biopsy

 miscellaneous tests (pulmonary function, cultures,

etc.)

Patient Teaching

 Goals of patient teaching

 facilitate patient compliance with the medical

treatment plan

 clarify information and instructions

 foster patient independence and responsibility

 establish trusting, therapeutic relationship

Patient Teaching (cont’d.)

 Additional reasons for patient teaching

 ease anxiety

 facilitate greater sense of patient control

 improve patient/family coping

 highlight goals for recovery or acceptance

 reduce unnecessary clinic visits and

hospitalizations