Human resource management disease ch 13

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.. Elsevier items and der

Chapter 13 Diseases of the Nervous System and

the Special Senses

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Organs and Function

 Brain – Three major areas: Cerebrum,

cerebellum, brain stem – all covered by

meninges CSF formed in ventricles of

cerebrum as well as nerve cell bodies, the

cerebellum controls voluntary movement, the

brain stem is the ‘vitals’ center because it

regulates heart and lungs

 Spinal cord – within vertebral column,

contains tracts of nerve fibers to ascend to

and descend from brain carrying messages to and from muscles, organs, and glands

Organs and Function

 Autonomic Nervous system – houses

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous

systems Controls homeostasis, i.e blood

pressure, heart rate, gastrointestinal function,

sweating, temperature and other involuntary

actions

 Sensory Nervous system – Sensations

detected from eyes, ears, skin, muscles,

tendons, internal organs and transmitted to

central nervous system (spinal cord, brain)

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Organs and Function

 Motor Nervous system – controls discrete

movements of skeletal muscles, helps

muscles work together, speech, motor skills

Diagnostic Tests

 EMG – Electromyelography – Radiographic

process viewing spinal cord and spinal

subarachnoid space to identify spinal lesions

caused by trauma or disease.

 EEG – Electroencephalography - Records

electrical activity of the brain to diagnose lesions

or tumors, and seizures, in impaired

consciousness.

 MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging – To view

and record tissue characteristics at different

planes To visualize brain soft tissue, spinal cord,

tumors, hemorrhages

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Diseases of the Nervous System

Signs and symptoms

 Meningitis – High fever, chills, severe

headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, rash,

delirium, convulsions, coma

 Encephalitis – Mild-severe headache, fever,

cerebral dysfunction, disordered thought,

seizures, persistent drowsiness, delirium, coma

 Poliomyelitis – Stiff neck, fever, headache,

sore throat, GI disturbances, possible paralysis

Diseases of the Nervous System

Signs and symptoms

convulsions, stiff neck, difficulty swallowing,

clenched jaws

lesions along sensory nerve on one side of body,

severe itching, scarring

double vision, loss of balance, tingling, numbing,

tremors, weakness, emotional changes, remission,

exacerbation

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Diseases of the Nervous System

Signs and symptoms

disturbed motility, muscle atrophy in hands,

forearms, and legs, impaired speech and

swallowing, death from pulmonary failure (3-4 years)

contractions, seizure shows illness – not

disease Petit mal: brief loss of

consciousness Grand mal: aura , total loss of consciousness, convulsions, hypersalivation

Diseases of the Nervous System

Signs and symptoms

 Spina bifida – Opening in vertebral canal,

meningocele, nerve tissue disorganized

 Hydrocephalus - Enlarged head develops

 Cerebral Palsy – Seizures, visual or auditory impairment, speech defects Spastic: tense

muscles, reflexes exaggerated Athetoid:

Uncontrollable, persistent movements,

tremor Atactic: Poor balance, poor muscular

coordination, staggering gait

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Diseases of the Nervous System

Signs and symptoms

 TIA – Mini strokes – Visual disturbances,

muscle weakness on one side, sensory loss

on one side, slurred speech, lasts minutes to

hours, avg is 15 min

 CVA – Stroke – Severe, sudden headache,

muscular weakness or paralysis, speech

disturbance, loss of consciousness

 Alzheimer’s Disease – Memory loss, moody,

indignent

Diseases of the Nervous System

Signs and symptoms

 Conjunctivitis – Inflamed eye surface,

oozing

 Glaucoma – Elevated intraocular pressure,

dim vision

 Cataracts – Blurred, dim vision

 Macular degeneration – Central vision loss

 Diabetic retinopathy – Blurred, cloudy vision

to blinded

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Diseases of the Nervous System

Signs and symptoms

 Otitis media – Internal fluid pressure, fever

 Tinnitus – Ringing, roaring internal sounds

without real external sounds

 External Otitis – Discharge, pus