Experiencing MIS 9th by m kronenke chapter 05

• Falcon Security stores sequentially numbered digital video files in separated directories for each client.. • Need database to track video files.. Q5: How are data models used for data

Database Processing

Chapter 5

“We Don’t Have a Way to Track the Data About the Videos.”

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• Falcon Security stores sequentially numbered digital video files in separated directories for each client.

• Tracking down exact footage of when equipment stolen means searching hundreds of video files

• Need database to track video files.

• MongoDB for tracking video files?

Study Questions

Q1: What is the purpose of a database?

Q2: What is a database?

Q3: What is a database management system (DBMS)?

Q4: How do database applications make databases more useful?

Q5: How are data models used for database development?

Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design?

Q7: How can Falcon Security benefit from a database system?

Q8: 2026?

Q1: What Is the Purpose of a Database?

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• Organize and keep track of things.

• Keep track of multiple themes.

• General rule:

– Single theme - store in a spreadsheet.

– Multiple themes - use a database.

– Ex: student grades, student emails, student office visits.

A List of Student Grades Presented in a Spreadsheet – Single Theme

Student Data Form for a Database Application

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Q2: What Is a Database?

Hierarchy of Data Elements

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Components of a Database

Sample of Access Metadata

Ethics Guide: Querying Inequality?

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• MaryAnn has a data mart.

• Business professional majored in HR, now "expert" in SQL.

• Uses SQL to do job faster and better.

• Examined data, saw possible discriminatory pattern.

• What would you do from categorical imperative and utilitarian perspectives?

Ethics Guide: Querying Inequality? (cont’d)

• Queries could reveal all sorts of patterns and trends.

– Be sure what answers you want before starting query.

• How strongly do you feel about social and personal responsibility, considering your needs and those of your family?

• How important is social responsibility posture of an employer to you?

– Is that something to add to your criteria for a job search?

So What? Not What the Data Says

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• Subjective:

– Small, nonrandom sample.

– Called four different sales reps who can’t get any prospects to bite

• Objective:

– Same month historical data, seasonal data comparisons.

• How to recognize and minimize bias?

– Use non-routine cognitive skills.

Q3: What Is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

• Program to create, process, administer a database.

• Licensed from vendors

– IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and others.

 DB2, Access, SQL Server, Oracle Database.

– MySQL: License-free for most applications.

Processing the Database

• Structured Query Language - SQL (see-quell)

– International standard

SQL Example

INSERT INTO Student

([Student Number], [Student Name], HW1, HW2, MidTerm)

VALUES (1000, ‘Franklin, Benjamin’, 90, 95, 100);

Adding a New Column to a Table (in Access 2013)

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Administering the Database

• Set up security system, user accounts, passwords, permissions, limits for processing.

• Limit user permissions.

• Back up database, improve performance of database applications, remove unwanted data.

Summary of Database Administration Tasks

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Summary of Database Administration Tasks (cont'd)

Q4: How Do Database Applications Make Databases More Useful? (cont'd)

Example of a Student Report

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Query Example

Browser Forms, Reports, Queries, and Applications

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Account Creation Browser Form

Browser

Report

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Graphical Query: User Clicks on Video Icon to Find All Videos from that Location

Multiuser Processing Problem

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1 Andrea reads pedal record

showing balance of 2 pedals

3

4 Jeffrey puts both in shopping basket and checks out before Andrea

4

1 Andrea proceeds to checkout

Someone will be disappointed.

5

Q5: How Are Data Models Used for Database

Development?

Entities

• Describe characteristics of entity.

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Student Data Model Entities

Example of Department, Adviser, and Student Entities and Relationships (cont'd)

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1:N One department may have many advisers, but an adviser may be

in only one department

Crow’s-Foot Diagram Version

Maximum cardinality─maximum number of entities in a relationship Vertical bar on a line means at least one entity required

Minimum cardinality—minimum number of entities in a relationship Small oval means entity is optional;

relationship need not have entity of that type.

Data Integrity Problems

• Data integrity problems

– Incorrect or inconsistent information

– Users lose confidence in information.

– System gets a poor reputation.

• Can only occur if data are duplicated.

Poorly Designed Employee Table Causes Data Integrity Problem

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Two Normalized Tables

Single Themes

Summary of Normalization

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Representing 1:N Relationships

Representing an N:M Relationship: Strategy for Foreign Keys

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Users’ Role in the Development of Databases

• Final judges.

• Thorough review of data model.

– Entities must contain all the data users need to do their jobs.

– Must accurately reflect their view of the business.

• Take it seriously.

• Devote time.

Q7: How Can Falcon Security Benefit from a Database System?

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• Find videos by querying their characteristics.

– “Which videos do we have of the Beresford Building in October 2014, shot from 3,000 feet or less?”

Falcon Security Chooses Option 1

• Use Access to store metadata

• Less risky: uses known technology

• Creates E-R diagram

• Decide to keep design simple at first.

Q8: 2026?

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• Volume of database continues to grow.

• Cheap, unlimited storage, greater processing speeds do in relational databases.

• Security becomes more important.

ACID Transactions

• Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, Durable transactions.

• Critical to traditional commercial applications.

• New Internet applications (Twitter) don’t need ACID.

New Categories of DBMS

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1 NoSQL DBMS (NotRelational DBMS)

• Supports very high transaction rates, processing relatively simple data structures,

• Replicated on many servers in the cloud, without ACID transaction support

• MongoDB, Cassandra, Bigtable, and Dynamo.

New Categories of DBMS (cont’d)

2 NewSQL DBMS

3 In-memory DBMS using SQL extension

Q8: 2026? (cont'd)

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• Keep abreast of developments.

• Watch from investor’s perspective.

• New opportunities and career paths will develop around these new DBMS products.

• Separate yourself from the competition when it comes to job interviews.

Security Guide: Theft by SQL Injection

• Common way of stealing data from corporations.

• Done by people outside of host nation to avoid prosecution

• Highly organized and well-funded.

– Criminal syndicates, nation states, or political hacktivists.

– Mandiant report “ APT1: Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units”

• Attempting SQL injection could result in your arrest.

Security Guide: Theft by

SQL Injection (cont'd)

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Security Guide: Theft by SQL Injection (cont'd)

1 Retailers suffer two times as many SQL injection attacks as other industries.

2 Most Web applications receive four or more Web attack campaigns per month, and others are constantly

under attack (176 out of 180 days).

3 One Web site received 94,057 SQL injection attack requests in one day.

Guide: Immanuel Kant, Data Modeler

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• Perception of reality based on our perceptive apparatus.

• Brain processes perceptions into something meaningful.

• Human’s model what appears to be

• Users determine if a data model fits their perception of reality.

Active Review

Q1: What is the purpose of a database?

Q2: What is a database?

Q3: What is a database management system (DBMS)?

Q4: How do database applications make databases more useful?

Q5: How are data models used for database development?

Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design?

Q7: How can Falcon Security benefit from a database system?

Case Study 5: Dean's Piano Database

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• Certified piano tuner and technician repairing and restoring

pianos for many years.

• Clown entertainer at children’s parties.

Pianos in Storage

Columns in the

Piano Table

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Query Design and Result

Piano Sound Quality by Building

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