Experiencing MIS 7th by m kronenke chapter 05

Process A reads customer record from file containing customer’s account balance.. Process B reads same record from same file now has its own copy.. Process A updates account balance in

Database Processing

Chapter 5

“No, Drew, You Don’t Know Anything About Creating Queries."

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• AllRoad Parts operational database used to determine which parts to consider for 3D printing

• If Addison and Drew depend on Lucas (or IT dept) to produce reports, they will (a) wait a long time and (b) probably not

get what they want.

• Once they get data, Addison create queries and reports without help from Lucas

• Relying on own skills gives more freedom and better results.

• Relational database technology not appropriate for 3D parts files or graphics used for query-by-graphics MongoDB a

better choice.

Study Questions

Q1: What is the purpose of a database?

Q2: What is a database?

Q3: What is a database management system?

Q4: How do database applications make databases more useful?

Q5: How are data models used for database development?

Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design?

Q7: What is the users’ role in the development of databases?

Q8: 2024?

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Q1: What Is the Purpose of a Database?

• Keep track of multiple themes

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A List of Student Grades Presented in a Spreadsheet – Single Theme

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Student Data Form With Multiple Themes

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Q2: What Is a Database?

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Hierarchy of Data Elements

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Components of a Database

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5-11 Sample Metadata (in Access)

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Ethics Guide: Querying Inequality?

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Ethics Guide: Querying Inequality? (cont’d)

• You can query databases to learn all sorts of patterns and trends.

– Be sure what answers you want before starting query.

• How strongly do you feel about social and personal responsibility, considering your needs and those of your

family?

• How important is social responsibility posture of an employer to you? Is that something you want to add to your

criteria for finding a job?

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Q3: What Is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

• DB2 from IBM, Access and SQL Server from Microsoft, Oracle Database from Oracle Corporation.

• MySQL - open source, license-free for most applications.

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Processing the Database

• Structured Query Language - SQL (see-quell)

INSERT INTO Student

([Student Number], [Student Name], HW1, HW2, MidTerm)

VALUES (1000, ‘Franklin, Benjamin’, 90, 95, 100)

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Administering the Database

processing.

unwanted data.

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Summary of Database Administration Tasks

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Summary of Database Administration Tasks (cont'd)

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Elements of Database Applications

Forms View data;, insert new, update existing, and delete existing data

Reports Structured presentation of data using sorting, grouping, filtering, and other operations

Queries Search based upon data values provided by the user

Application Programs Provide security, data consistency, and special purpose processing, e.g., handle out-of-stock

situations

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Using MIS InClass 5: How Much Is a Database Worth?

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Q4: How Do Database Applications Make Databases

More Useful?

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Example of a Student Report

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Query Example

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Browser Forms, Reports, Queries, and Applications

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Account Creation Browser Form

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Browser

Report

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1 Process A reads customer record

from file containing customer’s

account balance

1

2 Process B reads same record from same file now has its own copy

2

3 Process A updates account balance in its copy of customer record and writes record to file

3

4 Process B has original stale value for

account balance Updates customer’s phone number and writes customer record to file

4

5 Process B writes stale account balance value to file, causing changes made by Process A to be lost

5

Multi-User Processing Problem

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Q5: How Are Data Models Used for Database

Development?

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• Something users want to track

• Order, customer, salesperson, item, volunteer, donation

Entities

• Describe characteristics of an entity

• OrderNumber, CustomerNumber, VolunteerName, PhoneNumber

Student Data Model Entities

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Example of Department, Adviser, and Student Entities and Relationships (cont'd)

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an adviser may be in only one department

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“Crow’s Foot”

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Crow’s-Foot Diagram Version

Maximum cardinality─maximum number of entities involved in a relationship Vertical bar on a line means that at least one entity is required

Minimum cardinality—minimum number of entities in a relationship Small oval means entity is optional;

relationship need not have an entity of that type.

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Data Integrity Problems

information, and the system gets a poor reputation.

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Poorly Designed Employee Table Causes Data Integrity Problem

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Two Normalized Tables

Single Themes

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Summary of Normalization

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Representing 1:N Relationships

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Representing an N:M Relationship: Strategy for Foreign Keys

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Q7: What Is the Users’ Role in the Development of Databases?

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Q8: 2024?

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Q8: 2024? (cont'd)

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Q8: 2024? (cont'd)

NoSQL DBMS (Not Relational DBMS)

 Supports very high transaction rates.

 Relatively simple data structures.

 Replicated on many servers in the cloud.

Q8: 2024? (cont'd)

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Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet

Construct a data model and have users validate it.

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Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet (cont'd)

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Guide: Immanuel Kant, Data Modeler

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Active Review

Q1: What is the purpose of a database?

Q2: What is a database?

Q3: What is a database management system?

Q4: How do database applications make databases more useful?

Q5: How are data models used for database development?

Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design?

Q7: What is the users’ role in the development of databases?

Q8: 2024?

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Case Study 5: Fail Away with Dynamo, Bigtable, and Cassandra

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