Điện hóa CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ PHÓNG XẠ

catot Thời giangiờ.

CHƯƠNG 4

I N H H C C C NG N H NG

-N

10-6 <10-9

1cm2 10-8 - 10-9

-

-

t

4+

10-5 0 003 2

- N

1 0 2 ln a RT zF a    (4.1)  - 0

1

2

2

*** 2=1

0 ln 1 RT a zF    (4.2) 1= 4 2

0

ln RT c zF    (4.3)

2

4 2 4 3

4 2 10-16

10-11 mol/l ;

10-14

10-5

4 2

4 2

4 2

2 4 1

1957

0 0 ln RT a zF a a        (4.4) 0 a

0 a  a

– :

1

2

3 1/2

4 4

:

1

RT z Ftg 

(4.5)

4 5

:

, volt 0,36 0,305 0,26 0,12 0,01 2 11 29 55 80 = 0 37

a

m 3 :

1 Ea=Em

4 3

n T

ng

2 Ea>Em

3 Ea<Em



theo ch

4 2 :

0

ln f RT c zF s      (4.6) 

s

:

0 ( )

f N f c c V N A f s s s       (4.7) 

0

A

4 7 4 6 :

0 0 ln ln A RT s RT c zF N f zF c c         (4.8) 1/2.c   c0 c

1/2 0 ln A RT s zF V N f       (4.9) :

1/2 0 ln RT c zF c c     (4.10) 4 10 = 0, 1/2



0 ln c c c

0

c0

E a E m ng  ' 4 8

( '   Ea  Em) 0

ln ln '

o A c RT s RT c zF V N f zF c c          (4.11) c

 ' > 0

 ' < 0

ph 4 1 :

0

ln RT c zF a     (4.12)  aa(1 eKQ), a

Q (zFsDc  ) /



 << 1

:

a a KQ 4 12 4 13 :

0 ln RT c zF a KQ       (4.14) K' zFsD  

4 14 :

0 ' ln ln RT K RT zF a K zF         (4.15)

-

F.Joliot- c

:

1 0 ( ) dN b K N N dt   (4.16)

0

1

4 1

2 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 0,204 0,305 0,4V 0,095

4 16

H 4 1: T k t t a katot c n

th li ng v n

c chu n)

Th i gian (gi )

4- a

4 )

4 2

–

4 3

T k t t a H 4 3: ng k t t

–

0 03

4 4 4 4 4.5) 1 1

2 H 3

2

4 6

4[Fe(CN)6 3[(CN)6



Bi c n

c c sau 1 gi (

( )V  th 

0 002volt 4 4 )

lgC 50 100 -50 -100 0,58 0,6 0,62 0,64 0 1958

4 7

-

:

4 8 1

2 2

H 4 9: ph thu c th k t t

c ch

H 4.6: S ph thu c c a t k t

t n c c

3

Nernst 2

RT z U DF  (4.17) , U

4 17 2

2

/ =2910

0, 02242U z D  (4.18) 180

55,7 1 2 .cm   :

1, 26 z D  (4.19)

N 4 2

4 9 4 5

:

Thêm

H 2 C 2 O 4

0,095 0,02 -0,015 -0,189V 0,236 1 2 0 H 4 10: H2SO4

4.10 axit

axit sunfur cao 0 02 0 02

–

8

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