Slide anh văn học phần IV unit 7

Business Functions and Organisation... Business Organisation• Organisation by type • Global businesses – complex organisation structures • National – organisation possibly stretches t

Business Functions and Organisation

Business Functions

• Human Resources

• Sales and Marketing

• Research and Development

• Production/Operations

• Customer Service

• Finance and Accounts

• Administration and IT

Human Resources

• Recruitment and retention

– Job descriptions

– Person Specifications

• Dismissal

• Redundancy

• Motivation

• Professional development and training

• Health and safety and conditions

at work

• Liaison with trade unions

Sales and Marketing

• Pricing strategies

• Sales strategies

development, product improvement,

extension strategies, target markets

Research and Development

• New product development

• Product improvements

• Competitive advantage

• Value added

• Product testing

• Efficiency gains

• Cost savings

Finance and Accounts

• Raising finance

• Links with all other functional areas

• Acquiring resources

• Planning output – labour, capital, land

• Monitoring costs

• Projections on future output

• Production methods

– Batch

– Flow

– Job

– Cell

• Efficiency

Customer Service

• Monitoring distribution

• After-sales service

• Handling consumer enquiries

• Offering advice to consumers

• Dealing with customer complaints

• Publicity and public relations

Business Organisation

• Organisation by type

• Global businesses – complex

organisation structures

• National – organisation possibly

stretches throughout the country

• Regional – could be through a county or

wider area (North West, South East, etc.)

• Local – small organisations serving local

area or community

Business Organisation

• Authority – the right to make decisions and carry out

tasks

• Span of control – the number of people a superior

is responsible for

• Chain of Command – the relationship between

different levels of authority in the business

• Hierarchy – shows the line management

in the business and who has specific responsibilities

• Delegation – authority to carry out actions

passed from superior to subordinate

• Empowerment – giving responsibilities to people

at all levels of the business to make decisions

Administration and IT

• Managing estates – cleaning, health

and safety, maintenance, security

• Reception

• Clerical work – reporting, recording,

record keeping, communication

• Overview of quality control

• Use of IT systems

Organisation Charts

Hierarchical Structure

Managing Director

Sales Director MarketingDirector Finance Director

A B C D Market

Research Strategy Purchasing Manager

Sales Manager Accounts Manager

Organisation Charts

MD

Middle Management

Workers

Pyramidal Structure

Senior Management

Organisation Charts

R&D

Production Finance

MD Centralised/Entrepreneurial

Organisation Charts

Sales

Marketing

Production Accounts

Collaborative

Organisation Charts

Production Finance

R&D

Circular/Flat

Organisation Charts

Project

Marketing

R&D Sales

Finance

HR

Production

Matrix Structure

Organisation Charts

• Changes to business structures

• Linked to new thinking on

leadership and management

• Less hierarchical

• Emphasis on communication

and collaboration between sections

• Global businesses – more complex

structures