TOPIC THE POST OFFICE

TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE TOPIC THE POST OFFICE

TOPIC : THE POST OFFICE

A. VOCABULARY:

1. advanced [əd'vɑ:nst] (a) tiên tiến

2. courteous ['kə:tjəs] (a) lịch sự

3. equip [i'kwip] (v) trang bị

4. Express Mail Service (EMS) chuyển phát

nhanh

5. facsimile [fæk'simili] (n) bản sao, máy fax

6. graphic [græfik] (n) hình đồ họa

7. Messenger Call Service (n) DV điện thoại

8. notify ['noutifai] (v) thông báo

9. parcel ['pɑ:s(ə)l] (n) bưu kiện

10. receive [ri'si:v] (v) nhận

-> recipient [ri'sipiənt] (n) người nhận

11. customer ['kʌstəmə] (n) khách hàng

12. Flower Telegram Service (n) DV điện hoa

13. capacity [kə'pæsiti] (n) công suất

14. cellphone (n) điện thoại di động

15. commune ['kɔmju:n] (n) xã

16. demand [di'mɑ:nd](n) nhu cầu

18. expansion [iks'pæn∫n] (n) sự mở rộng

19. secure [si'kjuə] (a) an toàn, bảo đảm

20. spacious ['spei∫əs] (a) rộng rãi

21. speedy ['spi:di] (a) nhanh chóng

22. staff [stɑ:f] (n) đội ngũ

23. subscribe [səb'skraib] (v) đăng ký, đặt mua

24. surface mail ['sə:fis'meil] (n) thư gửi đường bộ hoặc đường biển

25. transfer ['trænsfə:] (n;v) chuyển

26. transmit [trænz'mit] (v) gửi, phát, truyền

27. well-trained [wel 'treind] (a) lành nghề

28. install [in'stɔ:l] (v) lắp đặt

29. registration [,redʒi'strei∫n] (n) sự đăng ký

30. fixed [fikst] (a) cố định

31. rural network ['ruərəl 'netwə:k] (n)

II GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSES

1.1. WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ

người, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ.

e.g The man who told you I was out met me

in the park The person who you wanted

to see died days ago.

1.2. WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ

người, làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ e.g That’s the one whom

we need to contact.

1.3. WHOSE: Là tính từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho tính từ sở

hữu, kết hợp với một danh từ, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ.

e.g This is the lady whose son cheated me.

1.4. WHICH: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật,

làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ e.g The book which you liked was sold.

The house, which was on fire, was built long ago.

1.5. THAT: Là đại từ quan hệ thay thế, dùng để thay thế cho các đại từ quan

hệ như WHO, WHICH, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ, ngoài ra còn được sử dụng trong câu chẻ e.g The book that you liked

was sold.

1.6.WHEN: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan

hệ chỉ thời gian.

e.g The day when she left was rainy The time when we reunite is uncertain.

1.7.WHERE: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn.

e.g This is the house where he lived in his childhood.

1.8.WHY: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, nguyên nhân, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân e.g The reason why she left was

unknown.

That’s why we are worrying now.

2. Relative clauses:

2.1. Defining clauses (Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại mệnh đề quan

hệ xác định và cần thiết có mặt để câu có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu không đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa (Chủ từ chưa được xác định) e.g The man who keeps the library is Mr Green.

That is the book that I like best (là cuốn mà tôi thích trong vô vàn cuốn sách)

2.2. Non-defining clauses (Non- Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại

mệnh đề không cần thiết có mặt mà câu vẫn có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu vẫn đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa vì tiền ngữ (chủ từ) đã xác định Loại mệnh đề này thường cách mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phảy, hoặc thường có các tính từ hay đại từ chỉ định hay sở hữu như: this, that, these, those, his, my,… e.g That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike

3.Reduced clauses: Mệnh đề rút gọn

3.1.Present Participle Phrases: (V-ING phrases replace relative clauses) Có

thể dùng một ngữ danh động từ V-ING để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể chủ động e.g Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?

→ Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?

3.2. Past Participle Phrases: (V-ED phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể

dùng một ngữ tính từ V-ED để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể bị động e.g The man who was arrested by the police is Mr Mike.

→ The man arrested by the police is Mr Pike.

3.3. Infinitive Phrases: (to V phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng

một ngữ động từ to infinitives để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ trong trường hợp mệnh đề có chứa các từ FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, LAST, ONLY

có thể dùng với cấu trúc “for O + to V”, hoặc một số mệnh đề mang tính ràng buộc nhiệm vụ…

e.g English is an important language which we have to master.

→ English is an important language to master/ for us to master.

3.4.Noun Phrases: (Noun phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một

hoặc một cụm danh từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu mệnh đề đó mang ngữ danh từ (thường chỉ nghề nghiệp) e.g Mr Ba, who is our new form teacher, is a good teacher.

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→ Mr Ba, our new form teacher, is a good teacher.

3.5. Adjectival Phrases: (Adjectival phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể

dùng một hoặc một cụm tính từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ.

e.g The streets which are crowded with population have no interest in learning.

→ The streets crowded with population have no interest in learning.

4.Cleft sentences: Câu chẻ là hình thức đặc biệt của câu phức sử dụng các mệnh

đề quan hệ để nhấn mạnh tới các thành tố của câu như chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, hay trạng ngữ Dưới đây là ba hình thức câu chẻ điển hình:

4.1. Subject focus: Nhấn mạnh tới chủ ngữ.

S - V → It be S that/ who V

e.g Nam helped me a lot → It was Nam who helped me a lot.

4.2. Object focus: Nhấn mạnh tới tân ngữ, chủ thể nhận hay chịu tác động của hành

động.

S - V - O → It be O that - S - V

e.g She bought the dictionary → It was the dictionary that she bought.

4.3.Adverbials focus: Nhấn mạnh tới trạng ngữ.

S - V - A → It be A that S - V

e.g We first met in this park.→ It was in this park that we first met.

C PRACTICE TEST

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that

of the others.

speedy

II. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.

6. You can subscribe to your favorite newspapers and magazines the nearest post office.

7. He is very capable learning and understanding things.

8. Thanh Ba Post Office provides customers the Messenger Call Services.

9. The post office offers the Mail Service which is particularly fast.

10. We are proud of our staff, who are always friendly and efficient.

A. well-done B well-appointed C well-behaved D well-trained

11. The hotel staff are always friendly and courteous.

12. There was no mention of the incident in the national press.

13. I need to £1,000 to my daughter's account.

14. to the magazine can take advantage of this special offer.

15. is someone who works from home on computer and communicates with

their office by telephone, fax, or e-mail.

A. Telecomputer B Telecommuter C Telephonist D Telemarketer

A Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence.

16. My mother, enjoys hill walking.

A. who is in her seventies B that is in her seventies

C which is in her seventies D who is in her seventies

17. She's one of the kindest people

18. Where is the house ?

C where they are living there D where they are living in

19. She lives in the house A which has the red door B has the red door

20. Mark Twain is an author I like best.

21. The problem never occurred.

22. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School,

A. engineers were educated there B where engineers were educated

C in which were engineers educated D where were engineers educated

23. It was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin the Maple Leaf Rag, perhaps the best

known of all ragtime tunes A wrote B the writer of C who wrote

D writing

24. A keystone species is a species of plants and animals absence has a major effect on an ecological system A that its B its C whose D with its

25. William Samuel Johnson, helped write the Constitution, became the first

president of Columbia College in 1787.

III. Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.

26. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night

because he had an accident on his way to the practice.

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A. who usually B choir rehearsals C had D on his way to the practice

27. I think whatever was responsible for damaging the trees should be fined or sent to prison.

28. Now that I no longer have to wear uniform, I'll be able to wear which I want.

29. Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit will not decay too rapidly A Ripe B stored C who D rapidly

30. The town we visited was a four-days journey from our hotel, so we took the train instead

IV. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.

bills employees carry customer pay bank food buys employer deposit system receives withdraw

ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER

In the future, machines will take the place of many bank tellers A new (31) system

electronic funds transfer (EFT) allows the bank or the (32) customer to move money from one account to another For example, a worker (33) receives her monthly paycheck, her salary Her (34) employer, the company that she works for, can (35) deposit her salary into her checking account directly She does not have to go to the (36) bank.Her bank can also pay her monthly (37) bills the telephone, the water, the gas, and the electricity It will also be possible for her to pay for (38) food at the supermarket by EFT The supermarket will automatically (39) withdraw money from her account at the bank to pay for the food that she (40) buys.

Some employers already deposit their (41) employees checks in the bank directly Maybe, in the future, people will not (42) carry money, and machines will (43) pay for everything.

V. Read the passage, decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

THE POSTAGE STAMP Before the invention of the postage stamp, it was difficult- to send a letter to another country The sender paid for the letter to travel in his or her own country Then the person in other country paid for that part of the trip If the letter crossed several coutries, the problem was worse.

Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a postage stamp with glue on the back The British post office made the first stamps in 1840 They were the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue A person bought a stamp and put it on a letter The post office delivered the letter When people received letters, they didn't- have to pay anything The letters were prepaid.

Postage stamps became popular in Great Britain immediately.

Other countries started making their own postage stamps very quickly.

There were still problems with -international mail Some countries did

not want to accept letters with stamps from another country Finally, in 1874 a German organized the Universal Postal System Each country in the UPS agree to accept letters with prepaid postage from the other members Today the offices of the UPS are in Switzerland, almost every country in the world is a member of this organization It takes care of any international mail problems.

Today post offices in the every country sell beautiful stamps Collecting stamps is one of the most popular hobbies in the world, and every stamp collector knows about the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue.

44. Before postage stamps, two people paid-for letters to travel in two countries T

49. Members of the UPS accept prepaid letters from other countries F

-THE