unit 11language focus

Relative clause replaced by past participleV3/V-ed: Ex 1 : The song which was written by him was very famous.. -> The song written by him was very famous.. Ex 3 : The girl who was given

Warmly welcome to our class

shrimp

spring

Unit 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY

E LANGUAGE FOCUS

I Pronunciation:

/ ʃ r / / spr / / spl /

Shrimp spring split

Shred spray splash Shrill spread spleen Shrine sprightly splutter

 pronunciation 

1 They were all shrieking with laughter.

2 He shrugged (his shoulders), saying he didn’t know and didn’t care.

3 My dad hates shrimp paste.

4 What a splendid spring day!

5 The stream splits into three smaller streams at this point.

6 The house has a narrow front, but it splays out

at the back

PRACTICE READING THESE SENTENCES

II GRAMMAR:

RELATIVE CLAUSES

REPLACED BY

TO INFINITIVE

1 Examples:

A Relative clause replaced by past participle(V3/V-ed):

Ex 1 : The song which was written by him was very

famous.

-> The song written by him was very famous.

Ex 2 : The boy who was attacked by the snack still

survived.

-> The boy attacked by the snack still survived.

Ex 3 : The girl who was given the highest prize is one of my best students.

-> The girl given the highest prize is one of my best

students.

=> Passive

1 The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

 The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

2 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the

country.

 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.

3 They live in a house that was built in 1980.

 They live in a house built in 1980.

4 The photographs which were published in the newspaper were

extraordinary

 The photographs published in the newspaper were

extraordinary.

5 The experiment which was conducted at the University of

Chicago was successful.

 The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was

successful.

6 They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the

government

 They work in a hospital sponsored by the government

2.EXERCISE: Rewrite the sentences using V3/ Ved:

( N + WH + be + P.P……  N + P.P… )

1 Examples:

B Relative clause replaced by present

participle (V-ing):

Ex 1 : The man who is driving his car is very generous.

-> The man driving his car is very generous.

Ex 2 : The children who attended this class were homeless.

-> The children attending this class were homeless.

Ex 3 : You’ve all met a famous man who runs very fast.

-> You’ve all met a famous man running very fast.

=> Active

1 The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.

2 Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?

3 The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

4 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making

progress.

progress.

5 The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.

6 We have an apartment which overlooks the park.

2.EXERCISE : Rewrite the sentences using V-ing

(N + WH + active V …  N + V-ing …)

C Relative clause replaced by To Infinitive

(To_V):

1 Examples:

a,The first, the second, …., the last, the only:

Ex 1: He was the last man that left the room.

->He was the last man to leave the room.

Ex 2: Ngoc is the only one who can solve this problem.

-> Ngoc is the only one to solve this problem.

b,Superlative:

Ex 3: She is the tallest girl that can reach the top shelf -> She is the tallest girl to reach the top shelf.

ect)

Ex 4: This is the most expensive shirt that is sold in the store.

-> This is the most expensive shirt to be sold in the store.

2.EXERCISE: Rewrite the sentences using To_V:

1 John was the last man who reached the top of the

mountain.

2 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.

3 The first person that we must see is Mr Smith

4 This is the second person who was killed in that way.

5 The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.

MORE EXERCISES:

Choose the best option

ANSWERS: 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 A

1.Who’s the girl that is waiting outside?

2 Don’t let me be the last who knows your decision.

3 The man who was caught by the police last night was a notorious criminal.

4 The man who saved me from the lake was very brave.

5 Hamlet is a tragedy which was written by Shakespeare.

6 The next train which leaves the station is to London.

1 Have you read the book that was written by Nguyen Du?

2 The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh

city is called Number 1

3 This is the second novel which was written by this

famous writer

4 The man who sat next to me on the train looked

gentle.

5 The steam engine which was invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history.

6 I knew then that I was not the first person who came

as I saw smoke rising from the chimney of the house.

Exercise 2: Reduce these sentences by using

participles or to infinitives:

is called Number 1

famous writer

gentle.

a new period in human development history.

as I saw smoke rising from the chimney of the

house.