2.Practice: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct verb form gerund, present participle, infinitive: 1.. S + V + O + to-infinitive Verbs: advise,ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid,
Trang 1Lesson 1 INFINITIVES
1 Presentation:
A Infinitive with to / To- infinitive:
a Một số động từ sau đây được theo sau bởi To inf.
decide (quyết định)
hope (hy vọng)
manage (cố gắng, xoay sở)
promise (hứa)
seem (dường như)
start * (bắt đầu)
begin* (bắt đầu)
like* (thích) + (O)
love* (thích) + (O)
hate* (ghét) + (O) + To-inf
ask (hỏi, yêu cầu) + (O)
expect (mong đợi) + (O)
help**(giúp đỡ) + (O)
intend (dự định) + (O)
invite (mời) + (O)
want (muốn) + (O)
wish (ước, muốn) + (O)
allow (cho phép) + O
advise (khuyên) + O
Example:
- We decided to make a trip to Dalak.
- She wants to have a cup of tea.
- My cousin wanted me to take her to the supermarket.
- My grandparents often advise me to study hard.
* Lưu ý: + Động từ với * có thể được theo sau bằng To infinitive hoặc V-ing
+ Động từ với ** có thể được theo sau bằng To infinitive hoặc Infinitive without to
b To-infinitive có thể được dùng sau một số tính từ chỉ những phản ứng, và cảm giác của con người.
delighted (vui)
lovely (đáng yêu)
pleased (vui, hài lòng)
anxious (bồn chồn, lo lắng)
shocked (bị sock)
surprised (ngạc nhiên ) + To inf
happy (hạnh phúc)
Trang 2glad (vui, hân hạnh)
afraid (ngại)
sorry (lấy làm tiếc)
Example: I’m glad to come to your party today.
c To-infinitive có thể được dùng để nói về mục đích, hoặc ý định làm việc gì đó:
Example: She learns English to find a good job
d To-infinitive còn được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau:
- TOO + adj + (for someone) + to inf
- adj + ENOUGH + to inf
Example: - The tea is too hot (for me) to drink.
- He’s strong enough to lift this stone.
e To-infinitive cũng được dùng trong mẫu câu với chủ từ giả “It”:
It is (not) impossible + for someone + to -inf
easyimportantnecessaryusual
Example: It’s impossible for him to find a job now.
f Chúng ta có thể sử dụng to infinitive sau một số danh từ hoặc đại từ như là một thành phần bổ nghĩa cho các danh từ hoặc đại từ đó để thay thế cho một mệnh đề quan hệ.
Example: I have a lot of work to do.
= I have a lot of work which I have to do.
g Những đại từ bất định như something, anything, nothing và những từ tương tự thường được theo sau bởi “ for + O + to inf”
Example: There’s nothing for the cats to eat.
B Infinitive without to / VBI (verbs bare inf)
a Sau động từ let và make là một tân ngữ và một cụm V BI
let ( để), make (bắt, buộc) + O + VBI
Example: - The film made me cry.
- Let me go!
Trang 3b Infinitive without to / V BI còn được dùng sau những động từ sau: see, watch, hear, smell, feel.
Example: - I feel the earth move.
- We watched Liverpool and Manchester play on TV last night (xem hết trận
đấu)
* Lưu ý: Sau các động từ see, watch, hear ta dùng VBI khi hành động được chúng ta thấy (see),
xem (watch), nghe (hear)
2 Practice:
Complete each of the following sentences with to-inf and/or inf without to:
1 I’ve decided (buy)…… a new apartment.
2 What time do you expect (arrive) …… in Chicago?
3 That T-shirt makes you (look) …… younger.
4 Let me (post) …… that letter for you.
5 It’s important for students (do) ……their homework.
6 I promise you your order will (send) …… today.
7 She went to the post office (buy) …… some stamps.
8 He isn’t tall enough (reach) …… the top sheft.
9 We listened (sing) …… a song.
10 I heard her (shout) …… at the children.
11 It’s too cold for us (go) …… swimming today.
12 It takes 5 hours (fly) …… from Los Angerles to Honolulu.
13 I saw her (across) …… the road.
14 They have a lot of homework (do) ……
15 John is easy (please) ……
16 I’m sorry ( have troubled) ……you.
17 It’s late I think we had better (go) …… home.
18 We can (leave) …… soon.
19 Don’t let the children (annoy) …… you.
20 We want (stay) …… home tonight.
21 My father allowed me (use) ………… the camera.
22 People use their money (buy) …… and (sell) …… things.
23 She asked us (sit)… down and went (make) … some coffee.
24 Tim is too young (join) ………… the army.
25 The movie was very sad It made me (cry) …………
26 Would you like (come) ………… to dinner on Friday?
27 It took us three hours (get) ………… here.
29 I wonder if you’d be kind enough (help) ………… me.
30 The robbers forced the manager (open) ………… the safe.
Lesson 2 PAST SIMPLE, PAST PERFECT & PAST PROGRESSIVE
Trang 4Content 1.Presentation:
a Form: S + was/ were + V-ing
b Usage: talking about something which was in progress at a past time.
2.Practice:
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past progressive:
1 He said he (join) …… the army in 1985
2 Bill (have) …….breskfast when I stopped at this house
3 When I went back to the shop, they (sell) …… the book I wanted
4 Hoe many countries they (visit) … by March last year
5 When he (come) …… home, I (talk) …… to my mother on the phone
6 While I (lie) …… in bed last night, I (hear) …… a strange noise in front of the door
7 It (rain) …… heavily when I (sleep) …… yesterday afternoon
8 While Mrs Smith (plant) …… flowers in the garden, Mr Smith (change) …… the oil inhis car
9 When we (arrive) …… at the airport, they (wait) …… for us there
10 He (do) …… a lot of jobs before he (work) …… in this company
11 Yesterday while I (look) …… at my computer screen, I (start) …… feel a little dizzy, so I(take) … a break
12 Susan (send) …… a letter to her university after she (receive) …… her scholarshipcheck
13 Tom (meet) …… Mary in 1986 and they have been good friends since then
14 After they (visit) …… Paris, they (go) …… to Manchester
15 George (work) …… at the university 45 years before he (retire) ……
16 After Tom (wash) …… his clothes, he (begin) …… to study
17 When John and I (got) …… to the theatre, the movie (start) ……
18 Before I could say anything, they (admit) …… their mistakes
19 I (hit) …… my thumb while I (use) …… the hammer Ouch! That (hurt) ……
20 While I (read) …… books in the living room last night, I (hear) …… a strange noise inthe kitchen I (go) …… to the kitchen, (turn) …… on the lights I (hold) …… my breakand (listen) …… carefully I (realise) that a mouse (chew) …… on something under thecupboard
Trang 5I Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best fits the blanks in the follwing passage:
During the (1) ………… years, many young people can at times be difficult to talk to Theyoften seem to dislike being questioned They may seem (2) …………to talk about their work atschool This is a normal (3) ………… of this age Though it can be very hard for parents tounderstand, it’s part of becoming (4) …………of teenagers trying to be adult while they are stillgrowing up.Young people are usually unwilling to talk if they believe that questions are trying to (5)
………… up on them
Parents should dod their (6) ………… to talk to their son and daughter about school, work andfuture plans but should not (7) ………… them to talk if they don’t want to Parents should alsowatch for danger signs Some people in trying to be adult may (8) ………… with sex, drug, alcohol
or smoking Parents need to watch for many signs of (9) ………… behavior which may be connectedwith these and help if (10) …………
II Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers:
Last year I went to Nepal for three months to work in a hospital I think it’s important to see asmuch of a country as you can, but it’s difficult to travel around Nepal The hospital let me have a fewdays’ holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with
me
We started preparing for the trip at six in the mornining, and left the camp with two elephantscarrying our equipment It was hot but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me fromsnakes In the jungle, there was a lot of wildlife, but w were trying to find big cats, especially tigers
We climbed onto the elephants’ backs to get better view, but it’s unusual to find tigers in theafternoon because they sleep in the heat of the day
Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet We crept nearer andfound a dead deer, still bleeding This was the tiger’s lunch! Suddenly, I started to feel veryfrightened
We heard the tiger a second before we saw it It jumped out like a flash of lightning, fivehundred kilos plus and four metres long I looked into its eyes and face, and saw right down theanimal’s throat It grabbed Kamal’s leg between its teeth, but I managed to pull Kamal away One ofour elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly escaped to let the tigereat its lunch That night it was impossible to sleep!
Trang 61 The writer went to Nepal …………
2 When having a few days off, he decided to go into …………
3 It’s difficult to find tigers in the afternoon because …………
A they usually sleep at this day time
B it’s so hot at this time
C the elephants’ back was not high enough to get view
D the tigers hardly hunt in the heat of the day
4 The writer started to feel frightened when …………
5 The tiger …………
6 Which of the followings is not true according to the passage?
A Tigers are members of the cats family
B The writer was made to wear shoes and trousers to protect him from the heat of the day
C Kamal narrowly escaped being killed
D It was such a terrible experience that the writer couldn’t sleep that night
I Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best fits the blanks in the follwing passage:
If you are invited to someone’s house for dinner in the United States, you should (1) ………… agift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate If you give your host a (2) ………… gift,he/she may often it in front of you Opening the gift in front of the gift-giver is considered (3)
………… It shows that the host is excited about receiving the gift and wants to show his/her (4)
…………to you immediately (5) …………the host doesn’t like it, he/she will tell ‘a (6) …………lie”and say how much they like the gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad If your host asks you
to arrive at a particular time, you should not arrive (7) ………… on time or earlier than the (8)
…………time, because it is considered to be potentially inconvenient and (9) ………… rude, as thehost may not be (10) …………
II Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers:
Going to parties can be fun and enjoyable If you are invited to a party, do call your host upearly to inform him/her of whether you are going If you want to bring someone who has not beeninvited along with you, you should ask for permission first Remember to dress appropriately for the
Trang 7party You will stick out like a sore thumb if you are dressed formally whereas everyone else is in shirt and jeans If you are not sure what to wear, do ask your host.
T-During the party you may perhaps like to help your host by offering to serve drinks or wash thedishes Your host would certainly appreciate these efforts If you happen to be in a party you do notknow anyone, do not try to monopolize the host attention This is inconsiderate since your host hasmany people to attend to and cannot spend all his/her time with you Instead, learn to mingle with
others at the party You could try breaking the ice by introducing yourself to someone who is
friendly-looking
Before you leave the party, remember to thank your host first If you have the time, you couldeven offer to help your host to clean up the place
1 If you are invited to a party, you should …………
2 According to the passage, if you are dressed differently from everybody at the party, …………
3 What should you do if you are in a party?
A Talk to your host as much as possible B Move around and talk to other guests
4 The phrase “break the ice” means …………
A You shouldn’t bring someone who hasn’t been invited along with you to a party
B You should help your host with the wash-up or clean-up
C You should be very clearly different from everyone at the party
D.You shouldn’t leave without showing your gratitude to your host
Lesson6 PASSIVE GERUND & TO-INFINITIVE
1.Presentation:
A Passive gerund:
Example:
- I don’t enjoy being laughed at by other people
- Instead of being accused, he was set free
a Form: BEING + PP
b Usage: Pasive gerund can come in the same pattern as the active forms, for example after some
verbs (risk, stop, ect) or some prepositions (of, at, in, etc.)
B Passive to-infinitive:
Example:
- She ought to be told about it
- I didn’t expect to be invited to his party
a Form: TO BE + PP
Trang 8b Usage: Pasive to-infinitive can come in the same pattern as the active forms, for example after
some verbs (expect, hope, want, ect) or some adjectives (happy, delighted, glad, easy, etc.)
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
1 It is easy (fool) ………… by his lies
2 Martha doesn’t like to have her picture taken She avoids (photograph) ………
3 I appreciate (invite) ………… to your home
4 Let’s not risk (catch) ……… In a traffic jam
5 The government tried to stop the book (publish) …………
6 (search) ……… by customs officers is unpleasant
7 There’s a lot of work (do)………
8 The new students hope (include) … in many of the school’s social activities
9 When the police first questioned him, he denied (involve) ………… in the robbery
10 I remember (take) ……… to the zoo when I was a child
11 We managed to climbed over the wall without (see) ……
12 Isabel expected (admit) ……… to the university, but she wasn’t
13 The tin opener seems (design) … for left-handed people
14 Many reliable methods of storing information tended (forget) ………… When the computers arrived
15.She resented (ask) ………to make tea for everyone at the meeting
16 Let’s leave early We can’t risk (hold up) …………in heavy traffic during rush hour
Lesson7 GERUND & PRESENT PARTICIPLE
1.Presentation:
A Gerund:
a Form: gerund = V-ing
b Usage: The gerund often acts like a verb and a noun at the same time It can be used:
- as the subject of a sentence
Eg: Playing tennis is not expensive in England
- as complement of a verb
Eg: What I have to do now is writing a letter to her
- as an object of a preposition
Eg: She’s afraid of living alone
- after certain verbs such as enjoy, miss, finish, avoid, etc.
Eg: I enjoy listening to jazz
B Present participle:
a Form: Present participle = V-ing
b Usage: The present participle indicates action, more like a verb or an adjective It can be used:
- as a verb in the continuous tense form
Eg: She’s cooking dinner.
- as an adjective
Eg: It’s an interesting story
- to replace a relative clause
Eg: The man (who is) standing next to the door is my father
- to replace subject + verb in the main or subordinate clauses
Trang 9Eg: Entering the room, I saw him.
- after some verbs like catch, find, leave, etc + someone
Eg: I caught him climbing the fence
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain
- after some verbs such as waste, spend, go, be busy, ect
Eg: You waste too much time copying the Lessonagain
It’s very hot today Let’s go swimming
- after some verbs of perception such as see, hear, watch, smell,
feel, observe, notice, etc
Eg: I heard him coming into the hall
2.Practice:
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct verb form (gerund, present participle, infinitive):
1 We will go (camp) ………… in BaDen mountain this summer vacation.
2 That’s such an (amuse) ……… story that I can’t put it down.
3 (take) ……… the umbrella with him, he went out in the heavy rain.
4 I have to work hard these days I am always busy (do) ……… my home work.
5 Would you like to go (fish) ……… with me on Saturday afternoon?
6 It was one of my most (embarrass) ……… experiences in my life.
7 That he passed the exam is very (surprise) ………
8 The woman (wear) ……… a red dress is my neighbor.
9 We spend most of my time (read) ……… science book.
10 The film is very (bore) ………… So I kept on sleeping in the rex.
11 I didn’t like (work) ………… so I suggested (spend) ………… the day in the garden.
12 I’d rather (go) ………… for a swim then (play) ………… tennis.
13 We’d better (study) ………… hard.
14 Why do you keep (look) ………… back? Are you afraid of (be) ………… followed?
15 ( write) ………… gives him a lot of pleasure.
16 Does your sister mind (cook) ………… everyday?
17 Have you ever considered (go) …………to live in another country?
18 He tried to avoid (answer) ………… my questions.
19 When I’m tired, I enjoy (watch) ………… TV It’s relaxing.
20 The movie was very sad It made me (cry) …………
21 I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished (clean) ………… the apartment.
22 Paula has given up (try) ………… to lose weight.
23 When I was a child, I hated (go) ………… to bed early.
24 Would you like (come) ………… to dinner on Friday?
25 He left the hotel without (pay) ………… his bill.
26 Are you looking forward to (see) ………… Ann again?
27 After (find) ………… a hotel, we looked for someplace to have dinner.
28 It took us three hours (get) ………… here.
30 My close friend is fond of (sew) …………
31 I was very tired I tried (keep) ………… my eyes open, but I couldn’t.
32 She told me (lock) ………… the door.
33 My father allowed me (use) ………… the camera.
34 It was a nice day, so we decided (go) ………… for a picnic.
35 They jog every morning (lose) ………… weight and (have) ………… a good health.
36 She is busy (feed) ………… the baby all the time.
37 Would you mind my (smoke) ………… here?
38 He doesn’t let anyone (talk) ………… in the working time.
Trang 1039 Most people prefer (spend) ………… money to (earn) ………… it.
40.Susan wants (go) ………… to Hanoi next week
Lesson8 & 9 REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVE
1.Presentation:
* Form:
invitations, advise) as follows
a S + V + to-infinitive
Verbs: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, ect
Eg: - Direct: “I’m not going to walk all that way”, said Gary.
> Indirect: Gary refused to walk all that way.
b S + V + O + to-infinitive
Verbs: advise,ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid, invite,order, recommend, remind, request,
tell, urge, warn, ect
Eg: - Direct: “Would you like to stay at our house”, Mark
said to us
> Indirect: Mark invited us to stay at his house.
Some more examples:
1 “Get out of the room”, she said
> She told me to get out of the room.
2 “Could you carry some bags, Mike?”
>She asked Mike to carry some bags.
3 “Would you like to have dinner with us?”
> They invited me to have diner with them.
4 “ Please do send me to a warm climate”, he asked/begged
> He asked/ begged us to send him to a warm climate.
5 “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said
> I warned the boys not to swim out too far.
6 “You had better hurr, Bill!”, she said
> She advised Bill to hurry.
Trang 12Lesson1 WRITING: DESCRIBE INFORMATION IN THE TABLE
* Exercise: Write a passage to describe the population
growth rate in the Sunshine country in the table below:
THE POPULATION GROWTH RATES IN THE SUNSHINE COUNTRY
* Students’ writings:
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs 1 tăng: - rise = increase - rise - rose (quá khứ)= increase - increased = go up - went up
- cosiderable (nhiều, đáng kể)
- sharp (nhanh chóng)
- dramatic (nhanh chóng, ngoạn mục)
- steady (đều đặn)
- gradual (dần dần)
- slight (không đáng kể)
- cosiderably
- sharply
- dramatically
- steadily
- gradually
- slightly
2 giảm:
- decrease
= drop
= fall
- decrease - decreased (qkhứ)
= drop - drop
= fall - fell
= reduce - reduced
= decline - declined
Trang 13Lesson11 REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
1.Presentation:
* Form: We use gerund in reported speech as follows.
1 S + V + gerund
- Verbs: admit, deny, recommend, regret, suggest, ect.
- Eg: Direct: She said to me, “I broke the vase of flowers”.
> Indirect: She admitted breaking the vase of flowers.
2 S + V + preposition + gerund.
- Verbs: apologize (to sb) for…, dream o….f, insist on…., object to…., ect.
- Eg: Direct: She said to me, “I’m sorry I broke the vase of flowers.”
> Indirect: She apologized (to me) for breaking the vase of flowers.
3 S + V + O + preposition + gerund.
- Verbs: accuse… …of, blame… …for, congratulate….… on, prevent… from, thank…….for,
warn …against, ect
- Eg: Direct: Mary told Peter, “It was your fault You didn’t tell me the truth”.
> Indirect: Mary blamed Peter for not telling her the truth.
2 Practice:
* Exercises: Turn the following sentences into reported speech:
1 “You took the money,” he said
Trang 14TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
1 Present simple:S + V/ V-s/es S + will/ can + Vinf
2 Past simple: S + V-ed/ V 2
(be >were )
S + would/ could + Vinf
3 Past Perfect: S + had + PP S + would/ could + have +PP
• Note: Unless = If … not …: trừ phi, nếu không
Eg: If I don’t have money, I won’t buy a car.
> Unless I have money, I won’t buy a car
2 Practice:
* Exercises:
Type 1: Supply the correct forms of the verbs:
Trang 151 If it (be) fine tomorrow, we (go ) for a picnic.
2 If I (have) time tonight, I (finish) the novel I’m reading
3 If you (finish) work early, you (come) for a drink with us
4 If it (rain) ……… next weekend, we (not, be able to) plant the vegetables
5 If she (have) too much to do, she (ask) someone for help
Type 2: Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
1 If she (be) here now, she (give) us some advice
2 If he (fail) in his present job, he (think) about another career
3 If we (run) our own business, we (be) more independent
4 If John (go) to his home town, he (visit) his mother
5 If Susan (borrow) your book, she (return) it
Type 3: Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
1 If I (manage) to repair my car earlier, I (drive) you to London
2 If I (know) last week that she was ill, I (visit) her
3 She (not, hear) ……… the news if she (not, turn on) ……… the radio this morning
4 We (be) ………… at the airport for hours if we (not, know) ……… that the flight was delayed
5 I (make) a bad mistake if I (not, read) the instructions
* Mixed types:
a- Give the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1 They would be hurt if I (not, go) to see them
2 If you got more exercise, you (feel) better
3 Unless he sells more, he (not, get) much commission
4 If I lend you $10, when you (repay) me?
5 What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?
6 If you slept under a mosquito net you (not, be) bitten so often
7 I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not, see) it with my own eyes
8 The hens (not, get) into the house if you had shut the door
9
b- Write a sentence with If for each situation:
1 Unless they turn that radio off I will go mad
2 My brother didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station
3 Unless you water these flowers every day, they will die
4 We didn’t go because it rained
9 We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away
10 He lost his job because he was late every day
11 That book is so expensive, I’m not going to buy it
12 I don’t have a degree, so I can’t get a job easily
Lesson15 CONDITIONALS IN REPORTED SPEECH
1.Presentation:
Trang 16* Examples:
a Direct: “If I have more money, I will buy that house,” she said.
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had more money, she would
buy that house
b Direct: She said “If I had more money, I would buy that house,”
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had more money, she would
buy that house
c Direct: She said “If I had had more money, I would have
bought that house,”
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had had more money, she
would have bought that house
* Form:
* Examples:
a Direct: “If I have more money, I will buy that house,” she said.
> Indirect: She said (that) if
she had more money, she would
buy that house
b Direct: She said “If I had more money, I would buy that house,”
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had more money, she would
buy that house
c Direct: She said “If I had had more money, I would have
bought that house,”
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had had more money, she
would have bought that house
2 Practice:
* Exercise:
Turn the following sentences into reported speech:
1 Tom said to me, ”If I have spare time, I will go fishing with you”
8 My friend said to me, “ What would you do if someone gave you a million pounds?”
> My friend asked me what ………
9 The gardener said, “ If I didn’t water these plants yesterday, they could die.”
>
10 The doctor said to the patient, “ You won’t feel better unless you takes these medicine.”
TYPE CONDITIONAL IN DIRECT SPEECH CONDITIONAL IN INDIRECT SPEECH