OXFORD LEARNER''''S GRAMMAR - PART 9 potx

Finder 264A Decide which sentence is spoken by which person.. Traffic warden told motorist 4'14... 447 Reporting offers, warnings, etc Ii" Finder 265 Combine the clauses into a single s

444 Reporting orders and requests Finder 264A

Decide which sentence is spoken by which person Then report what was said

- - - -:c , - - - : - - :- -:- : - - - ,

c."1n you all Sir down in YOllr seats, please? Boss told employee

) I want you to learn the new words Bus-dfi¥ef.-flsked PHSSCl'lgef5

2 You ought to go nn a diet Doctor told patient

J Don't be latc tomorrow morning Ilotel guests asked poner

II Can you move your car out of the way, sir? Secunty guard asked travellers

5 Could you take our IUgJ.;agc, plca"ie? Tf'achcr told c1a~s

6 You muslIl'( I~avc yOUl bags unattended Traffic warden told motorist

4'14 Ileporllfli:: Ilnkrs <.'l ilt! requests 225

445 Reporting statements, questions,

Oliver: I'd lov~ to do a parachute jump

2 Sh p lISSlstruH: Wha!'<; your postcodc?

,

3 Linda Would yo u mimllookmg afte r my lu gga g e?

4 Policeman: Docs anyone else live in the house?

5 Silrah I can dnve a minibus

6 I.andlord : Don ' t park yo ur ca r in th e yar d OK ?

7 Tum' Have you finished with the computer?

8 Ubratian : Co uld yo u tum the music off ple a se ?

9 LOUIse: Where are you going?

10 Jack: I've b(."Cn dropped from Ihe basketball team

446 Reporting offers, warnings, etc

DeCide which sentence of indirect speech goes with which direct speech

~ 'All right I'll go'

I 'No, I certainly didn't go.'

e) I criticized them lor gomg

o I denied gOll1g g) [ insisted on going

h) I refused to go i) I suggesrcd going

226 445 Hcporting Sl(llcmClll$, qllC <;1l 01l~, and I'Cqllcsts

~ Finder 265

447 Reporting offers, warnings, etc Ii" Finder 265

Combine the clauses into a single sentence with the verb of reporting In the first clause I might go camlling My friends have invited me

tr~ f~~~l.~.~r~.0":i~~.~ ~ ff? .C{J-~.lr"8'

USII i s going to fax the informallon Shc'~ promised

2 The weadwr fore c ast was awful, James warned me

3' Gem ma won the com p etition We all congnnul.ned her

,

4 We Illight get a group ticket Sumeone s uggested it

5 The money must be paid hy tom orrow , the oniee has reminded u s

n Price s will remain sTeady That's what the government is forecasting

7 The visJlors had to wail In Ihe ram rhey were complaining about i(

8 I'll probahly !oil Ihe exam again That's what my tutor has advised

448 Review of indirect speech

Lauren SOlid she was ft.'ding fine

13 Emma said she would nng me the followmg week

Decide which answer is correct

I pointed out ~(? the manager that we had already paid the bill

a) at hJ by c) on d) to

1 Someone laid us sit on the stairs

a) don't h) not c) not to d) 10 not

2 Martin said Ius hair was wet because ,

a) he'd been sWimming b) he's been swimming c) he wam d) he swims

3 Did anyone what time we have to be there?

a) ~ay b) speak c) talk d) t('ll

4 I was wondering , you've got a moment, please

a) how h) if c) that d) what

5 All the students , knowing anything ahout the matter

a) apologized h) demed c) promised d) refll!:>cd

6 I thought I gel away With my h('lsic RUSSian, but I wa s wrong

a) can bl could c) may d) will

7 A company spoke~person said that the accusations completely untrue a) Clre b) be c) should be d were

8 No one has

a) explamed

us why our applicallon has been unsuccessful

bl informed c) mentioned d ) ~aid

t

I

I

Complete the Indirect speech

Sm,.h J need a good night's sleep

YCMcrday SilTah told ~ ' '>} 1f! rec>Ae.4.a 1(!<~l ':l,~ht;'~ ~~f-P

Mark: 00 you believe III God?

M,lrk once asked me _

2 Tum: I came OUI or h() ~ fl l t a l only an hour "gu

When I saw Tom lasf weck, _

3 -Kale' C.ould J have Ill y key, please?

9 J Junnah I'm waiting rur Lucy

I wanted to ' tak e Hanllnh for a cofTet' yC!.lerday, but she explained

10 C harlolt~ : I stell, Paul The secret address is hidden in

Chadotte (old '

Read this story and underline the relative clauses There are seven of them, not induding

the example

Here's a II ue SIOry which leaches us 10 ~la rd our secrets carerully It"s abull! a man whose huuse fronl collapsed nne day As a result, hiS secrets were embarrassingly revealed for all the wurklto

down a hill lind c ra ~ hed illlo his house The damage it did was spectacular The front of the

hO~l se COllilllsed, which was bad enough in itself Even worse, a lifc·si;-.c model of Elvis Presley, which was standing in an upstairs bedmont, bt."'Came visible to passers · by Cnlm said, 'It was

something J bouKht on Impulse Then J hid him away in the spare bedroom because I didn't want anyone to ~ him Now people arc laughing at me In future "U always be the OIan who bought Elvis Presley.'

4 ~1J • Itt'Vlew of HlIhrec.:1 speech 229

452 Ways of modifying a noun

Comb ine the information in the shortest way possible

house (it has a garden) £1 ~.~ t::';.t~ ~ .9a , !~~~

Finder 2668

~ the man (he won the comp l ilion) yle ~ ~ ~J:c? ~ t~lt!; c ~~.t ~ t!~

the shop (it is on the c orner )

2 a car (it is rl~d )

3 the woman (she missed her train)

4 u book (it was published last month) • •

5 il wumun (she was w1.lIting for someone) •

6 n l:hulr (It i ~ com F ortable)

7 the people (they have hCilrd the slOry before)

8 a man (h h., • gun) • • • • • • •

9 iI face (it is recognized everywhere) _ -

453 The use of commas with relative clauses III" Finder 2660

Decide If there are any commas missing from these sentences If the sentence is correct, put a tick ( ) after It If there are commas missing, put them In ,

•

Only about 70 people hve un I.undy Island J which Ik'!< off tht coast uf O(.'Von

I I'm having a visit from my favourite <lunt who lives in I.ondon

2 rhis is the room that we've just dcconttcd

3 The pl 'Oplc who invested in the company have all los t their money

4 The match will be played at Lord's which is the home of English cricket

7 Th e new college which cos t £80 milhon to build opens this week

a People who live in gla~s houses shouldn 't thr ow stones

230 452 Ways of rnO(ilfYLl1~ a nOllJ1

454 Types of relative clause Finder 267 A - E

emphasis, addmg, or connective

If you're one of those people ( ) who might find accidents amusing thell thb is the story for you II happened somewhere in England, and ll's about a motorist (II-)who was approaching a level crossing (A level crossing IS il barrier (1) Ihal prc\lcnts traffic from driving across the railway line when a train Is coming.) As he appro.u:hl!d the crossing the motorist suddenly ~ aw

in front of him a girl on a horse and an old mall with" dOR lie had 10 brake qUlle suddenly

There was a motor-bIke behind the eM, and the nlOior-cydisl, (21 who wasn't paying attention,

crashed Inln the back of the car This fnghtened the horse, (3) which reured up and threw its rider into a hedge, The old man, (4) who was a helpful sort of person, decided to come to the

rescue by cil!chmg the hor:-.c, But fitst he tied his dog 10 the level crossing harrier, (5) which was the nearest suitable thing The tram (6) which everyone had been cxpecling then passed

through the crossing, and The barrier (7) thm the dog had been lied to began to rise, It WiI :" this (8) that really made things interesting The old rniln rushed hack \0 rele;'~c the dog (9) which promptly bilthe motor, cyclist, (10) who was still lying on the ground This sc.ene, (II) which certainly has its funny side was nominated the most hiZ-arT{' accident of the year hy the

insurance company (12) which handled (he horse rider's claim

Look at each conversation and then write the information in a sentence with a relative

clause Use who or that

Martin: Well we met that man, 'Hl)'\\lay

EmIly: What mall'?

Martin: You know who I mean \-Ie works at the pOSI office

, ~t;l.I:~i0 a,rI!"l, ~"':li!;J ~~ t~_ '"'!'~-: I:J~ !vor~-? ~~ ,t~,P,O.':'"!-,a /free : ,

tI> Alice' I like the jackct

Alice: Your new jacket You wore it yesterday

3 Leanne : I wish I slJiI hall the came r a

Jame ~ \<\<nat cam(' l a arc you taJkmg about?

lea nn e My camera You br o e It, r eme mb e r ?

4 Adam:

Mark:

Adam:

I saw them ca rry off ttlat player

Oh, why did they do ttlat?

He was injur ed , of c ourse

5 Kate· I'm going to co mplain about that hurglar alarm

N i cola' Was II ringing?

Kate : It wouldn 't st op ringmg

My lener In the company I poMed it on ·[ursday

7 Steve: I couldn't understand that woman?

Hannah What woman IS th,ll?

Steve' You know You were interviewing her

8 Usa' I w a s read i n g about the bridge

Kanm' The hrid ge?

Lisa: Yes, it collapsed i n a hurr ica ne

without commas

Finder 2680

R ew r i te the ~entences an d make them more SUitable for a piece of formal Writing

~ ~ " 3'~ ! 5 a ~t~~-;c:t ~ ~~I~h ~P! t?; tK:'0 "':~"'1 ftr:-~ P P!n '~:

No one cares about the s tarv ing people that the aid is mtended [or

The photograph s show the flu or that many of the vic tims were trapped 011

2 The Sales Manager is a you ng wo m an w e h ave gle.u co nfid ence in

3 We entered rhe territory that so many battles h ave b e en fought over

232 4:''' Prt!pnSitJOns 11\ tclatl V(' d.luse:! WIthout COtl1 I1l Jt>

,

4 Nedrby are the ROllian baths that the city of Bath gCb is nHme from

5 Wa~hlngt()n is lhe I11lJJl Amcricdns owe their independence 10

457 Leaving out the relative pronoun

Rewrite the sentences using a relative clause without a pronoun

~ You look some' photos, and they were great

:J~ r.JlD.tp~ !P I i(~ /tJe e.j":e:~t

~ I've been wailing for a train bUI it's been cancelled

!~ t,,:,~i~'.l:~€; ~~~.~i~,~ it?": flu.:; ~~0.c:qr:c-.eJl~p.: ,

1 We stayed at a hOIeI and it was perfect

2 We were w<Hching a programme, and it wa~ really interesting

3 J'm weanng these shoes, and they're the latest fashion

4 We were looking ilt some Jewellery, but it was rather expensive

5 You wt're playing some music, and it sounded very famillar

6 I was telling you about a dub, and it's called the Palace, I've remembered

458 Leaving out the relative pronoun

, Somcliung J happened yesterday has been worrying me

People smoke are endangering their health

2 None of the people I talked to c ould givc me any useful information

3 There was a bad accJ(ient dosed the mutorway

4 No onc has said anythmg would pen.lIade me to change my mmd

5 I'v e been having a look at that website you menuoned

6 The police wouldJl't tell LIS the so u rce of the information on Ihey \-vcrc actil'lg

457 Lcavlllg OUI Te rclalTve pronoun 233

7 I'm heginning to think thi!'> CD I heard about doesn't eXJSI

8 Immigrants arc m jobs could not be filled frnrn the existing workforce,

9 lie was the leader in the population plal.:CtI all thcir hopt'S,

10 It's no use pa ss lll~ II law nobody takes any notkc of

59 Relative clauses with commas Finder 269

Read this paragraph about Nelson Mandela

Fifty yCar-s ago Sm uh Mricam lived under the apurthcid ~ys t crn Th(' hest juhs went 1 0 white

people, and the worst juhs were done by hlac:k workers Mandela was a lawyer fie IUlned the Mrican Nationnl Congress Things got even worse at Sharpcvillc in 19fJO when police tired Into a crowd of hlack people, Mandela played his P;lTI in the struggle fur equal rights lie was found

famous prisuner in the world He was fina y released in 1990 Soon he was President of the new

South Mm:n But although he had suffered for SO lon , e did not want to lake hiS reveltce on [he

tnformation and rewnte the text putting in relatIve clauses with (ommas

• Many of the black workers had to live <Ipart from their famili('s

• The hlack peoplc werc protesting Jlcilcefully

• The fru:t that Mandelil played his pim in the stmggle led tn hi~ imprisonmcnt

• Ilc WIlS scnt to prison for life for !>ubowgc

• Ml.lndela's 70th birthday was cclebwwd with a coneen in tondon

• By 1!)9tJ he had spent 27 yellrs in prison

· fif~J !F.q.'7~ ~9q ~tj1 Jl-{rjc;.q~.I(V~?l w)C!~'7 't1Je: (lpa(t/Je:.lcl 1lj;'~e,.r-:": r~~~~t.j(*~

~{'I~ ,t9 !U,it j t.e; pP o!?, e , ~Iit? 1.',<e.C~ I." r:i.:;-"i'-fl9~~ fV.i1:h,9(1!.cle'"lS ot"(l ~j~I')j~f'<>O'S,a.ry'"~

!-~I<!'.: ~ ~~J,~ ,

· , ,

·

· ,

· , , .,

,

, ,

· ,

· , ,

, ,

, , ,

4:if'! Hei:1tIVC cla u ses with cOl11 mas

460 Who and whose ~ Finder 268A 269F 270A - B

The Queen's eldest so n is C h rles,

~ The manager sent on his new striker,

1 There are quite a few artists

2 'I hllVll a secretary

3 The camp is full of refugees

4 J wish to thank a number of p~plc

5 We are a first-class company

have been forced out of their homes

soon disappeared

, products have a reputation for quality for supporL J am extremely grateful

j ob IS to arrange my appointments paintings are worth millions

6 My sisler married a conjuror, marriage 16 (}iftne-ended-in-+99

~L _ - - '

7!Je ~t;.~Q ';5 e~lo;lY:"'f ~ !.:!> <;./~l.I~/~';-J.l<;Il!,?~.I~'<-~r:r:-I~~~ , tp qjq.'.~ ~r,!L~d i!l WI, u" " T/~ ~00j~r: se.,,~ on .his.~!&! 7tr:'~~:-, ,,!~1C? :~0':"~4 , Ct, i?'~'~1'0~1~ fJf?C!.l:

I 2 3 4

5 • •

,

6

461 Of which Finder 270C Combine each pair of sentences using of which We saw a house Its roof had been blown off in the storm ~Je ~!J ! t;t hou.7!- ! t~ ~-<?Of 91 !U!Jic:h./!'l~ ~0.b!~~ of~ 'r'"'.th7- ~0r~:

It's a very exclusIve dub hs members are wealthy bu s iness people 2 The fire destroyed many lreasures Their value is Incalculable 3 Tom told me a co mplicated slory I 've forgotten the details 4 The Romans built a huge fort Its remains arc sull visible loda)' 5 My flat-mates had an angry argument The result is thai they aren't speakmg to each other .'

4(iO • Who ,lIul wh ose 2 : -15

6 Wc saw a film Its plot was totally incoll1 prehcllslblc

7 Th e c h a irman made a : p eec h By the end of II 1ll0 !) uf us were asl eep

, ,

Put in these words : way, what, when, where, which , whoever, why

Thc police have moyc(l int o areas 1~~1e.r:-~ trouhle is expeclCd

1 There i s n ' t a momenl I'm flOI th inking of you

2 I hale the you never look at me when you speak to me

Finder 271 - 273

1\ • • gets hom~ tirst cooks the tca

5 We ,lIe most of the food ,lIld threw <Iway we (.Quldn ' t C oil

6 I can't remember the name of the island on the aircraft landed

7 Unfortunately we live in a part of the C II )' · there's no underground IJlll ~

relative clause, as III the e)(amples Use a part i ciple clause if possible Otherw i se use a

f in ite relative clause

The students were complaltllllg about high rents They were on the streets

tu A e 0 4 ~01~11'""il ".~t~ .'l!s h .r e.n t o!; .w.e.'-.e~ Dr") ~~1€: ;5~I~(:"'j'-\5:

A woman was injured in the accident She is a German tourist,

II>- An inventor gave us the telephone I Ie was a Scot ;

· Tfr! l.n':'C:- 0 ~ O r.'<:i'?o :3~v e ,~ ~ ~~ ~c: - I~p ftt?r:e !~ ~ ~ 0-l?t

Th e dam wao!! holding ba ck the W(ller Then il s uddenl y gave way

6 The lettee accused me of theft It hadn't been Signed

7 Tourists lake the crain from London 10 Stratford ' nley h~ vc to c h ang e at Coventry

!-l People were walking across the bridge They could feel it swayIng

· ' Ih e Ij.~ ~va~ t.~~ -fir;:i~ ~~0~"" :J t~ d ro p, ::':' £l t e '."' bp, ""P

i'- The protesters had no weapons Thcy couldn't defend themselves

· T/~ v.ot;e;~t~r.5 h< : ul no ~~~P9"~ ~)(t.h.~/lII::-': t o p-.e_ J e .ro;:l ~J~.""!~.iv.e,:,

The almy held a military exercise recently It took place on Bleak Moor Colonel Phillips wa~ in

and severa l journalists and photographers (fied to witness [he exercise, although in fact they

Bill, Terry and Ste e Bill was arreslCd by the military police As for Terl)', hIS camera was

confiscated Sieve was working with a journalist called Angela I1~ didn't gt:t ilily pholOs No one managl.'d to get any except Sondra of the Daily ViSIOn The ViSIOn a lways has the best pi cture~ OlherY'l'ise the exercise was a su rccss, and that pleased the colol\t::J

The area 0J~r:e; .t~!t:?-e x~r!=-i.:.r~ ~~.p'I~c:-~ is called Bleak Moor

is called Col(lnel Phillips

; , ' ,

'1 Terry was the photogr a pher • • • 0 0 0 • • • • • • •

6 Sandra was the only person • • 0 • o • • 0 • • 0 0 • • 0 0 • • 0 • • • • • ~ • • • •

7 The Vision i s the paper o • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • 0 • 0 '

Each of these sentences IS Incorrect Write the correct sentence

!fhe-mft~tt-bBy fr1>ft't"'drtwfflittgo gat -811-Bwarti

T/l';!-.r;q f1 ~ ~I? ~~~4.a ~ -(, -.o ""! 0~~1~ ~~ ~-: o.lUf.1:~l: