Textbooks write English correctly_06 potx

There are four forms of GP: 1/ Present GP in active voice 2/ Perfect GP in active voice 3/ Present GP in passive voice 4/ Perfect FP in passive voice 3.. active passive present perfect

THE PARTICIPLE

The detective, standing at the corner of the street, watches the

woman moving in her bed room

(iii) The Post Position

(b) Subject is a Pronoun

Depend on the context, there are two positions as below:

Having money, she has had alnost everything except real good days

(ii) The post position

He hurried came to see her, not knowing she was dead two months ago

b The Use of Participle Phrase as OC

Ngươi ta thếy khoi bö́c lïn tư phña sau tram xăng

Smoke was seen rising from behind the gas station

Ngươi ta phat hiïn viïn canh sat năm chḯt ơ goc ₫ương

The policeman was found lying dead at the corner of the street

Khi trơ lai, töi thếy ngươi gac dan năm chḯt ơ gền cö̉ng

When I got back, I found the janitor lying dead by the gate

S (noun) , PP , the rest of the sentence

S (noun) + the rest of the sentence , PP

PP, S ( pronoun) + the rest of the sentence

S (pronoun) + the rest of the sentence , PP

THE PARTICIPLE

c The Use of PP in Nominative Absolute Phrase

Höm nay chu nhêt, moi văn phong ₫ï̀u ₫ong cưa

Today being Sunday, all government offices are closed

Öng gia, ₫ưa con trai duy nhết bị giḯt trong chiḯn tranh, hiïn ₫ang sö́ng möt mònh trong möt tup lï̀u canh bơ söng

The old man, his only son killed in the war, is now living alone in small hut by the river

Mua thu ₫a ₫ḯn, la băt ₫ều nga vang

Autumn having come, leaves are beginning to turn yellow

Nang chay ra cưa, toan thên rung lïn vò xuc ₫öng

She ran quickly to the door, her body trembling with excitement

d Participle Phrase Used as Absolute Particle

A few participle, through usage, are allowed to stand as lute particle’ even though they are, strictly speaking, dangling participles GENERALLY SPEAKING, STRICTLY SPEAK- ING, FRANKLY SPEAKING, POLITICALLY SPEAKING etc.Frankly speaking, I don’t like your boy friend much

‘abso-e Participle Used as Preposition

Some participle have come to function as preposition for all practical purposes ACCORDING TO, BARRING, CON- CERNING, EXCEPTING, EXCLUDING, INCLUDING, FOL- LOWING, REGARDING, OWING, WANTING etc.

Wanting honesty, true friendship is impossible

Following the decision by the court, violence broke out in many places in south California

THE PARTICIPLE

(prepositional phrase)

1 Dangling PP

A PP functions as an adjective and therefore we ought

to fasten it immediately and unerringly to a

substan-tive (a noun or pronoun) that indicates its agency If

not, it is said to be dangling.

Coming to the room, the center table was seen to have been

moved to one side

In this case, the phrase has nothing to fasten itself to

and is therefore dangling.

Coming to the room, we saw the center table has been moved

to one side

2 Discriminate between PP and NAP

Care should be taken not to confuse between PP and

Tiḯng kïu vo vo cua muö̃i.

The whinning of the mosquitos

Tiḯng chim hot trong vươn ₫anh thưc töi dêy

The singing/chirping of the birds in the garden woke me up.Tiḯng chuöng lanh canh cua ngươi ban kem thêt la thu vị

It’s fun to listen to the jingling of the bells of the icecream man.Tiḯng roc rach cua dong suö́i ₫ưa töi vao giếc ngu

The chattering of the brook reeled me to sleep

Tiḯng ong vo vo kiḯm mêt

The buzzling of the bees hunting nectar

Chung töi nghe tiḯng ₫ai bac döi tư xa

We heard the pounding of the artillery from away

Nha lanh ₫ao mơi co möt sư ung hö lêu dai

The new leader has a long backing

Chung ta phai lam gò ₫o ₫ï̉ ₫on năm mơi chư

Let’s do something to welcome the coming of the new year/springtime, shall we?

Töi lăng nghe tiḯng chim se chiïm chiḯp trong bui

I listened to the chirping of the sparrow in the bushes

Töi lăng nghe tiḯng mưa löp ₫öp trïn mai nha

I listened to the pattering of the rain on the roof

Tiḯng sếm ềm ềm tư xa văng lai

There came in distance the rumbling of the thunder

THE GERUND

Tiḯng gao ru cua gio qua cac răng cêy

The howling of the wind through the trees

2 W HAT I S THE U SE OF G ERUND ?

In as much as a noun may function as an adjective, a gerund

may also function as an adjective which expresses the activity, the use or the purpose of the thing or person indicated by the

noun And after that the Gerund and the noun function as one unit and must not be set off.

The manufacturing company

A thriving manufacturing company

A trading company

A prosperous trading company

A fishing village / A mining town

Drinking water / Fishing village

Mining town / Washing water

Rocking chair / Sliding door

A few gerunds may function as adverb.

It’s burning hot here

Möt cuöc sö́ng khöng co muc ₫ñch thò khöng ₫ang sö́ng

A life without purpose is not worth living

Cö́ găng nay khöng ₫ang ₫ï̉ lam

The effort is not worth making

Tết ca chung töi ₫ï̀u ươt nhep

We all got dripping soaking/wringing/drenching wet

Trong nay trơi khö ran

It’s now parching dry down here

GERUND + NOUN

THE GERUND P

B T HE G ERUND P HRASE

1 W HAT I S A G ERUND P HRASE ?

The gerund phrase is a syntactic unit which consists of a gerund and any complement(s) or modifier(s) it may take The Gerung phrase is normally used as a noun.

It seems there’s some misunderstanding between you and me

It takes understanding, sympathy and forgiveness to build a happy marriagge

2 W HAT I S THE B ASIC F ORM OF THE GP?

There are four forms of GP:

1/ Present GP in active voice

2/ Perfect GP in active voice 3/ Present GP in passive voice 4/ Perfect FP in passive voice

3 H OW I S THE GP M ADE N EGATIVE ?

Möt sö́ ngươi bị phat vò khöng tön trong nöi qui nay

Some people was fined for not observing this rule

active passive present

perfect

Doing Having done Having been done

Being done

active passive present

perfect

NOT Doing NOT Having done NOT Having been done

NOT Being done

THE GERUND

Hăn bị buöc töi la khöng chăm soc gia ₫ònh ₫ềy ₫u

He was charged not taking enough care of his family

4 H OW I S T HE GP M ODIFIED ?

The GP may be modified by a possessive adjective(s) or tive equivalent(s).

adjec-Xin lö̃i vï̀ sư trï̃ nai cua töi

Sorry for my being late

Töi hut thuö́c co phiï̀n anh khöng?

Do you mind my smoking?

Thưa öng, öng co phiï̀n nḯu ngay mai töi khöng ₫i lam?

Sir, do you mind my not working tomorrow?

C T HE U SE O F GP

1 T HE U SE O F G P AS A N OUN

a The Use of GP As the Subject of a Sentence

Mastering a language takes time, hard-work and patience

Choosing friends is no easy job

Working is the only to success

Marrying a lazy man is marrying a devil

Living a life is climbing up and then down a hill

Note that Patttern 6 is more common than Patern 5 in this case.

It takes time, hard work and patience to master a language

It’s no easy job to choose friends

Also, pay attention to these constructions:

Khoc trïn chuyïn ₫a rö̀i thò khöng co ñch gò ca.

It’s no point crying over spilt milk

Khöng ai noi trươc ₫ươc khi nao My ₫anh Iraq

It’s impossible to predict when the US will …There is no telling when the US will begin to attack Iraq

Khöng thï̉ ₫oan trươc ₫ươc tương lai

It’s impossible to predict the future

There is no predicting the future

Khöng thï̉ noi ₫oan trươc ₫ươc ₫ḯn khi nao thò sư xung ₫öt giưa Isarel va Palestine se chếm dưt

It’s impossible to predict when the conflict

There is no predicting when the conflict between Isarel and palestine will come to an end

b The Use of GP as the DO of a Verb

A number of verbs always take the GP, never IP, as their DO such as: ADMIT, APPRECIATE, AVOID, CAN’T HELP, CONSIDER, DENY, DELAY, ENJOY, FINISH, MIND, MISS, PRACTICE, POSTPONE, PREFER, QUIT, RECALL

REGRET, RESUME SUGGEST, STOP and TAKE etc.

Chung ta hay khoan quyḯt ₫ịnh cho ₫ḯn khi co thïm thöng tin mơi

We should postpone making decision until we have had more

infor-IT [BE] NO

use good point merit

DOING ST

trueS

THERE [BE] NO DOING ST

IT [BE] IMPOSSITBLE TO DO ST

THE GERUND

mation

Anh ₫ï̀ nghị mai lam gò?

What do you suggest doing tomorrow?

Töi ₫ï̀ nghị ₫i thăm viïn bao tang

I suggest visiting the museum

Cưng a, anh luön luön thñch ơ bïn em

Honey, I’ve always enjoyed being with you

Bö́ me töi khöng bao giơ chịu cho töi ₫i chơi trï̃ hơn 10 giơ tö́i

My parents have never tolerated my staying out late than 10 pm

Anh ₫a viḯt xong luên an chưa?

Have you finished writing your thesis?

Anh hay ăn nhiï̀u trai cêy xem

You should try eating more fruits

Sao anh khöng thư năm sếp möt luc xem

Why don’t you try lying on your stomatch for a while?

Töi ghet bị thuc hö́i

I hate being rushed

TO DO ST / DOING ST TRY

FORGET

REMEMBER

VERB of PREFERENCE D.O

TO DO ST DISLIKE / LIKE

THE GERUND P

Töi thñch ₫i trong mưa

I prefer walking in the rain

c The Use of GP as True O

Töi thếy sö́ng ơ möt thị trến nho la phñ hoai

I find it a waste living in this small townTöi thếy ơ nha khöng co chuyïn gò lam rết chan

I find it boring staying at home and having nothing to do.Töi thếy ngay nao cung lam möt thư chuyïn rết chan

I find it boring doing the same thing day after day

d The Use of GP as the SC

Đêy la chơ cui vï̀ rưng

This is carrying coal back to New Castle

Niï̀m vui cua bö́ me töi suö́t ₫ơi la thếy chung töi sung sương.Our parents’pleasure has been seeing us happy

Sö́ng la leo lïn va leo xuö́ng möt ngon ₫ö̀i

Living a life is climbing up and down a hill

e The Use Of GP as The O of the Preposition

COMPLAIN ABOUT SOMETHING Cang ngay cang co nhiï̀u ngươi phan nan vï̀ viïc ngay nao cung phai lam möt thư chuyïn ma thö̀i

More and more people are complaining about having to do the same thing day after day

SUCCEED IN DOING SOMETHING

V + O preposition + GP

NOUN preposition + GP

ADJECTIVE preposition + GP

(adverbial phrase) (adjectival phrase) (adverbial phrase)

We succeeded in persuading the bank to extend our loan.

RETURN TO DOING SOMETHING

Chăng bao lêu sau, hăn trơ lai viïc ăn căp ₫ï̉ kiḯm sö́ng

Soon he returned to stealing for a living

AIM AT DOING SOMETHING

Dư an nhăm giup ₫ơ nhưng ngươi ngheo tư giup mònh

The project aims at helping the poor help themselves

TO ACCUSTOM SB TO DOING SOMETHING

Nḯu ban chếp nhên cöng viïc nay thò ban nïn băt ₫ều lam quen vơi lam viïc muön va thïm giơ

If you accept this job, you should begin to accustom yourself to

working late and working over time

• TO INTEREST SOMEBODY IN DOING ST

Chung ta phai cö́ găng lam cho giơi tre thñch thu trong viïc kham

pha gia trị truyï̀n thö́ng cua chung ta

We should try to interest young people in discovering our traditional values

• TO BLAME SOMEBODY FOR SOMETHING

Töi khöng trach anh ₫a khöng bo cöng giup ₫ơ con gai töi

I don’t blame you for not having taken trouble to help my daughter

• TO PUNISH SOMEBODY FOR STH / DOING STH

No bị phat vò ₫a thưc hiïn sai möt cêu thền chu

He was punished for having conjured a wrong spell

• TO LOVE SOMEBODY FOR SOMETHING

• TO CONTEMPT SOMEBODY FOR SOMETHING

• TO PRAISE SOMEBODY FOR SOMETHING

No ₫ươc khen ngơi vò ₫a cưu ₫ưa be

He was praised for having saved the boy

No ₫ươc khen ngơi vò ₫a tra lai sö́ tiï̀n ma no ₫a lươm ₫ươc trong tăc xi

THE GERUND P

He was praised for having returned the money he found in the taxi

• TO CONGRATULATE SOMEBODY ON DOING THING

SOME-Chuc mưng ban ₫a thi ₫êu

I congratulate you on passing the exam

Khöng thï̉ chö́i cai ₫ươc răng chung ta danh phền lơn thơi gian cho viïc chăm soc thên xac cua mònh

It’s impossible to deny the fact that we give most of our time to ing care of our bodies

• TO BE SORRY FOR DOING SOMETHING

• TO BE SORRY FOR HAVING DONE STXin lö̃i ₫a gêy qua nhiï̀u phiï̀n toai cho anh qua

Sorry for having caused you so much inconvenience

Xin lö̃i ₫a ₫ḯn trï̃

Sorry for being late

Hăn chỉ khoai kiḯm tiï̀n chư khöng khoai xai

He is interested in making money, not in spending it

• TO BE AFRAID OF SOMETHING

• TO BE AFRAID OF SB’S DOING STLuön co ngươi sơ cö ₫öc

There are always people who are afraid of being alone

THE GERUND

• TO BE TIRED OF ST

• TIRED FROM DOING ST = TO BE BORED WITH ST

• (BECOME / GET / GROW / REMAIN / TURN)

Töi ₫a chan cai viïc bị sai khiḯn như ₫ay tơ rö̀i

I’m tired of being ordered about like a servant

Bay nhiï̀u giơ như vêy lam töi mït qua

I’m tired from flying so long

Bay ₫ương dai như vêy anh co mït khöng?

Are you tired from flying such a long distance?

Ba ta tröng co ve băng long vơi viïc lam chuyïn nha va săn soc con cai

She looks happy with doing the house chores and taking care of her children

Cang ngay cang nhiï̀u phu nư khöng băng long vơi viïc mònh lam nöi trơ

More and more women are not happy with their being a housewife.Anh ky qua

You’re being so funny!

May chỉ gioi xao!

You’re only good at telling lie!

Cö ta rết kheo leo trong chuyïn gêy thiïn cam vơi ngươi khac

She’s very clever in creating good will in others

• BE INTERESTED IN DOING SOMETHING

• BE INTEREST IN SOMETHING

Hăn ta co ve như thñch kiḯm tiï̀n nhanh

He seems to be very interested in making fast money

Giơi tre ngay nay hònh như khöng thñch giư gòn nhưng gia trị truyï̀n thö́ng

Young people seem to be not interested in preserving our traditional values

THE GERUND P

There is no use in complaing all the time

There is no use in crying over spilt milk

There is no merit in giving away something one no longer needs

• TAKE CARE OF SOMEBODY/SOMETHING

• TAKE CARE OF DOING SOMETHING

• TAKE CARE OF + NOUN CLS

• TAKE OVER SOMETHING

• TAKE SOMETHING OVER Töi se giư ve cho

I will take care of the ticketsTöi se lo mua ve cho

I will take care of buying the tickets

Töi se lo chuyïn ₫ăt ban

I will take care of booking the table

• GIVE SOMETHING TO DOING SOMETHING Phền lơn ₫ơi ngươi danh cho viïc chăm soc thên xac

The bulk of our time is normally given to taking care of our bodies

• THINK ABOUT SOMETHING

• THINK ABOUT DOING SOMETHING

Cö ta ₫ang suy nghĩ vï̀ viïc xin möt cöng viïc mơi

She is thinking about applying for a new job

Ho ₫ang nghĩ vï̀ viïc phai mua möt chiḯc xe mơi

They are thinking about buying a new car

THERE IS NO (good / point / use / merit) IN DOING ST

THE GERUND

f The Use of GP as an Appositive

Vơ hăn chưa bao giơ hiï̉u ₫ươc sơ thñch ky cuc cua hăn: thu thêp

drop out of st - leave school w/t completing the

full course or study - no longer take part in sth

Hăn chỉ co möt ₫iï̉m yḯu duy nhết: mươn tiï̀n ban ma khöng nhơ tra lai

He has only weakness: borrowing money from friends without

remembering to return it

Thu vui duy nhết trong ₫ơi töi: ₫i bö möt mònh trong mưa

My only one pleasure in my life: walking alone in the rain

2 T HE U SE OF GP AS AN A DVERB

Cai gò ₫ang lam thò lam cho tö́t co nhiï̀u thư khöng ₫ang ₫ï̉ bên

têm

Anything that is worth doing is worth doing well There are

things are not worth worrying about