Textbooks write English correctly_08 pptx

Khoang cach giưa ngươi giau va ngươi ngheo ngay cang röng thïm.The gap between the haves and the have-nots seems to be getting wider and wider.. Mưa rơi ₫ï̀u trïn nhưng ngươ

a The Idea of Time

Cö dêu lơn hơn chu rï̉ 10 tuö̉i

The bride is 10 years older than the groom

Chung ta ₫a trï̃ so vơi han ₫ịnh la 2 tuền

We are about 2 weeks behind the schedule

Dễu cach nhau ca möt thḯ hï, chung töi co rết nhiï̀u ₫iï̉m tương

₫ö̀ng

Though we’re a generation apart, we have many things in common.Cach ₫êy khoang 20 năm, nơi nay la möt thị trến mo nho, bêy giơ no

₫a la möt trong nhưng khu cöng nghiïp lơn nhết nươc

About 2 decades ago, this place was only a small mining town, now

it becomes one of the largest industrial area in the country.Chung töi tơi ₫o trươc Giang Sinh hai ngay

We arrvied there 2 days before Christmas

Ngön ngư hoc bêy giơ cung ₫a ₫ươc 4 thḯ ky rö̀i

Linguistic is now nearly four centuries old

b The Idea of Degree

Nha anh lơn hơn nha töi gền 3 lền

Your house is nearly three times larger than mine

Khi hoa bònh trơ lai, chung ta se xêy dưng möt nươc Viït Nam 10 lền tươi ₫ep hơn

When peace is back again, we will build a 10 times more beautiful VN

Gia sinh hoat hiïn thơi cao hơm 6 thang ₫ều năm khoang 3%.The cost of living is about 3% higher at present than in the first 6 months of the year

c The Idea of Distance

Qua bom phat nö̉ gền chö̃ chung töi ₫ưng khoang 20 mThe bomb exploded nearly 20m from where we were standingĐo la möt thung lung văng ve ơ vao phña têy băc cua thanh phö́ ₫a lat khoang 30 km

It was a solitary valley about 30km northwest of Dalat

Dễu chung ta cach nhau möt ₫ai dương, anh vễn luön trong têm

tương cua em

Though we are an ocean apart, you are always in my thoughts

d A GP used as an ADVERB

Trong nay trơi nong như lưa

It’s baking hot in here

Ngoai kia trơi nong bö́c khoi

It’s steaming hot out there

Nươc trong hö̀ nong như luöc da

The water in the lake is scalding hot

Möt cuöc sö́ng khöng muc ₫ñch thò khöng ₫ang sö́ng

A life without purpose is hardly worth living

2 ADVERBS USED AS NOUN

a Single Adverb of Time and Place

BY NOW, BY THEN, SINCE THEN, UNTIL THEN, FROM NOW ON, FROM THEN ON, IN HERE, OUT THERE, UP

HERE, DOWN THERE, UP THERE, OVER THERE, OVER HERE, FROM HERE, TO THERE, OUT THERE etc.

Tơi giơ töi ₫a gưi ₫i khoang 20 ₫ơn xin viïc, nhưng töi chưa nhên

₫ươc phuc ₫ap nao ca

By now, I have sent out about 20 applications, but I haven’t got any reply yet

Ho ₫a ra ₫i vao năm 75, va tư ₫o ₫ḯn giơ chung töi khöng nghe gò vï̀ ho ca

They left in 75, and since then we haven’t heard from them again

b A Few Adverbs are Pluralized to be Nouns

UPS and DOWNS, INS and OUTS etc.

Biï̉n tònh luön co nhiï̀u thăng trềm

There’re always ups and downs in the sea of love

Tu Ba day nang Kiï̀u nhưng ngoc ngach cua nghï̀ ca ky.

Tu Ba teaches Kieu the ins and outs of the geisha business

Töi ₫a trai qua nhiï̀u thăng trềm trong cuöc ₫ơi khö́n nan cua töi.I’ve gone through many ups and downs in my damn life

Chung ta cền möt ngươi biḯt ro nhưng ngoc ngach cua luêt phap Viït Nam

We need a person who knows the ins and outs of the Vietnamese law

c The Adverbs NOT and SO

These adverbs are normally used after verbs such as EXPECT, BELIEVE, HOPE, GUESS, SURPRISE etc.

Tö́i nay cö ta tơi khöng?

Is she coming tonight?

Töi nghĩ vêy

I think so / I think not

=I don’t think so)

d The Here - The Now

3 N OUNS AS A DJECTIVES AND A DJECTIVES AS N OUNS

a Nouns As Adjective

an adjective indicated the use, the activity or the name

N1 + N2 single unit

of the O indicated by N2 Remember that N1+N2

make up one single unit.

Truyï̀n thöng ₫ai chung: The mass media

Vï tinh viï̃n thöng: A communication Satellite

Phai ₫oan thương mai: A Trade Commission

Lươc: Hair-brush

Chuöng cưa: Door-bell

Ban chai ₫anh răng: Tooth-brush

Thuö́c ₫anh răng: Tooth-paste

Ban chai ₫anh giềy: Shoe-brush

There are a number of nouns in English which are normally in

plural form:

Khu phưc hơp thï̉ thao: A sports complex

Tap chñ thï̉ thao: A sports magazines

Nganh cöng nghiïp ₫iïn: The electronic industries

Quềy bao: News-stand

Thiïp chuc mưng: Greetings-card

Cưa hang măt kñnh: Glasses-store

Trương muc tiḯt kiïm: Savings-account

when it is hard to get news

Acronym

Tö̉ng hanh dinh NATO: The NATO headquarters

Dư an cua quy phat trïỉn LHQ: A UNDP ProjectHöi nghị thương ₫ỉnh ASEAN: An ASEAN summit meeting

Gerund normally refers to the use of the activity indicated by the noun.

Dịch vu ngên hang ơ Viït Nam vễn con han chḯ

Banking services in Vietnam are still limited

Sưc mua cua : The buying power of

CN chuyï̉n vên: A shipping industry

(nươc ₫ang chay: running water)Thị trến khai thac mo: Mining town

Nganh thiḯt kḯ thơi trang Fashion designingNghï̀ thiḯt kḯ thơi trang la möt nghï̀ con non tre ơ VN

Fashion designing is still a young business in VN

GERUND + N2 single unit

N + GERUND single unit

Viïc day ngön ngư la möt cöng viïc năng nhoc

Language teaching is a hard job indeed

Lươt song: Wave lifting / Surf riding/

water skiing

The poor have their worries; the rich, their own

Khoang cach giưa ngươi giau va ngươi ngheo ngay cang röng thïm.The gap between the haves and the have-nots seems to be getting wider and wider

Mưa rơi ₫ï̀u trïn nhưng ngươi ngheo cung như ngươi giều

Rain falls upon the rich and the poor alike

Me Teresa suö́t ₫ơi la möt ngươi ban cua nhưng ngươi neo ₫ơn va khö̉ sơ

Mother Teresa was a friend of the needy and the miserable all her life

Cai ₫ep thò luön kho vươn tơi

The beautiful is always hard to reach

Cai thiïn va cai ac chỉ la hai măt cua möt ₫ö̀ng xu

The good and the bad are the two sides of the same coin

Nhưng ngươi kem trñ cền ₫ươc giup ₫ơ nhiï̀u hơn

The mentally retarded need better help

Cền nhiï̀u trương hoc cho ngươi khuyḯt têt

There should be more school for the handicapped

Trên chiḯn giưa cai thiïn va cai ac la möt trên chiḯn khöng bao giơ kḯt thuc

The battle between the good and the evil is an endless battle.Ngươi giau dương như ngay cang giau hơn; ngươi ngheo dương như ngay cang ngheo thïm

The rich seems to be richer; the poor, poorer

Derived Adjectives

Derived adjectives formed by the use of suffixes:

• HOME - HOMELESS - THE HOMELESS

• HELP - HELPLESS - THE HELPLESS

• NEED - NEEDY - THE NEEDYChñnh quyï̀n thanh phö́ phai co nhưng biïn phap tñch cưc ₫ï̉ giup

₫ơ nhưng ngươi vö gia cư trong thanh phö́

The city government should have positive measures to help the homeless in the city

Chung ta phai cö́ găng hơn nưa ₫ï̉ giup ₫ơ nhưng ngươi neo ₫ơn

We should take better care of the needy and the helpless

c Adjectives from the Present Participles and the Past ciples

Parti-Chung töi, nhưng ngươi ky tïn dươi ₫êy, tuyïn bö́…

We, the undersigned, declare that …Nhưng ngươi khuyḯt têt cền ₫ươc chăm soc nhiï̀u hơn nưa

The handicapped need better care

Văn chương lam giam khoang cach giưa thḯ giơi vö hònh va thḯ giơi hưu hònh

Literature helps to bridge the gap between the seen and the

unseen

Theo ₫uö̉i cai vö thương la möt phñ pham

It’s a waste to run after the changing

Sư hăng thương hiïn hưu trong sư vö thương

The ever-lasting exists in the ever-changing

d A few Adjectives are Pluralized to Become Nouns

Rich - riches; valuable - valuables; specific - specifics; essential

- essentials; particular - particulars; minute - minutes;

perish-able- perishables etc.

Tö́t danh hơn lanh ao

A good name is better than riches

Tö́t hơn nïn bo nhưng ₫ö̀ ₫ac quy gia ơ nha băng

It’s better to deposit your valuables in the bank

Chung töi se gưi cho quy vị ban chi tiḯt cua dư an ngay mai

We will give you the specifics of the project tomorrow

Canh sat băt töi trònh bao chi tiḯt

The police asked me to give an account of the particulars

e A Few Special Expresion

FOR SURE, FOR CERTAIN; FOR GOOD, TO GO FROM

BAD TO GOOD, etc.

Tònh trang tai chanh cua cöng ty dương như ₫i tư tï tơi hai

The financies of the company seems to be going from bad to worse.Töi biḯt chăc cö ta khöng trơ lai vơi anh

I know for sure that she will never come back to you

Co nhiï̀u thư ngươi ta luön nhơ mai

There are things one remember for good

Buö̉i sang ban thương dung mon gò?

What do you usually have for breakfast?

Töi co ₫i ăn sang vơi anh ta vai lền

I breakfasted with him a few times

Chung ta hay cö́ găng giai quyḯt vến ₫ï̀

Lets iron our problems and be friends again

Töi con ñt ₫ö̀ phai ui

I got ironing to do

Tïn tröm bị cong va dễn ₫i

The thief was handcuffed and taken away

b Verbs as Nouns (a) Single Verb

the have-not

Khoang cach giưa ngươi giau va ngươi ngheo ngay cang röng hơn.The gap between the have and the have not seems to be wider and wider

Album mơi cua cö ta la möt thư ma ngươi yïu nhac Jazz phai co

Her new album is a must for all lovers of light Jazz

Hoa hơp vơi ngươi khac cền nhiï̀u nhên nhương

It takes a lots of give and take to get along well with others

(b) Verbs + Adverbial Particles

Ho vưa mơi chia tay

They have just broken up

Cuöc ₫am phan cua ho ₫a bị gian ₫oan

Their negotiation has broken down

Ban trai cua chị cung ₫ươc, co ₫iï̀u anh ta hơi khoa trương möt chut.Your boyfriend is OK, only he is a bit show-off

Rết nhiï̀u xe cö hong hoc vò mưa lơn

There were many break-downs on the street because of heavy

rain

Cơn bao lơn ₫a gêy ra sư tï liït viï̃n thöng ơ giưa hai miï̀n Nam Băc.The storm has caused a break-town in the telecommunication between the north and the south

Lưc lương quên ₫öi my ₫a cö́ găng tòm nơi ển nau cua O Bin Laden.American forces have tried to find the hide-out of O Bin Laden.Sao ta khöng hop măt vao tuền tơi nhỉ?

Why don’t we have a get-together sometimes next week and have a small party?

5 O THER S HIFTS

a Adverbial particles as Prepositions

• ON/OFF; UP/DOWN;OVER/ABOUT; AROUND; THOUGH, etc.

Please switch the light off

Take your hand off my shoulder

I looked at the piece of chalk running off the desk

The factory is nearly 50 meters off the highway

The oil rig is about 100 miles off the coast of VT

b Adverbial Particles as ADJECTIVE after Linking Verb

• ON; OFF; IN; OUTKhi töi ra vï̀, ₫en trong văn phong vễn con sang

When I left, the lights in the office were still on

Höm nay cup ₫iïn

The power is off today

Khi töi goi thò cö ta khöng co măt

When I called her, she was out

Toc ngăn ₫ang mö́t trơ lai

Short hair are in again

Vay ngăn ₫a hḯt thơi trang rö̀i

Mini skirt are already out

c Connective Used as Nouns

Co qua nhiï̀u chư nḯu va chư nhưng trong bai luên cua ban

There are too many buts and ifs in your essay

Khöng co nhưng nhị gò ca

There is no if or but about it!

d Verbs as Adjectives

• A WOULD BE MOTHER

• A GIVE AND TAKE AFFAIR

• A CAST OF PAIRS OF SHOES

Nhưng ba me tương lai cền phai hoc möt khoa săn soc hai nhi

Would-be mother should take a course in baby care

Töi khöng thï̉ nao hiï̉u nö̉i sơ thñch

I have never been able to make any sense about his hobby: ing cast-off shoes

Cöng viïc cua töi ơ ₫o la bao ₫am cho moi ngươi ₫ï̀u vui

My job there is to see that everybody is happy

language towards brevity conciseness And this is also due to the fact that people wish to be brief and concise in the daily conversation In British language, ellipses make direct and therefore strong impression

WHAT KIND OF ELLIPSES ARE THERE?

There are ellipses both in IC’s and DC’s

A E LLIPESES IN THE I NDEPENDENT C LAUSES (IC’ S )

1 O MISSION IN THE IC

Come here!

Yes, thank you!

Why not wait a while longer?

Close the door, please!

2 O MISSION IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Did you hear that noise?

What noise?

Who took you to the ball?

John (did)Who are going with you

Mary and Alice (are)

3 O MISSISION OF THE D IFFERENT F ORMS OF TO B E

Why so late/early? (why are you so late?)Where is she?

Gone (she’s gone)

4 O MISSION AFTER TOO, SO, NOR, NEITHER, AND BUT

• BUT - negative in meaning but shows affirmative wish (3)

• BUT - shows either an affirmative or negative contrast

I have been to Hanoi several times, and my mother has, too

I have been to Dalat many times, and so has my mother

He hates going fishing, and so do I

I’m not going to her wedding party, and neither is my boyfriend

(nor is my boyfriend)

I don’t like travelling by car, nor / and neither does my brother

I haven’t been to Sapa, but my husband has

My husband has been to Japan many times, but I haven’t

I don’t know why, but the boss looked so sulky this morning

5 O MISSION IN P ARALLEL C ONSTRUCTION

Nhưng ngươi khön ngoan hoc tư lö̃i lềm cua ngươi khac; nhưng

ngươi ngu ₫ền hoc tư lö̃i lềm cua chñnh mònh

Wise men learn by other men’ mistake; fools, by their own

Anh ₫i ₫ương anh; em ₫i ₫ương em

You go your way; I, mine

Xa xöi va kho khăn la ₫ương lïn thiïn ₫ang; dï̃ dang va gền gui la

₫ương xuö́ng ₫ịa nguc

Long and hard is the way up to Heaven; Short and easy, down to

Hell

Lền lễn la con ngươi; tha thư la thanh thền

To err is human; to forgive, divine

Möt vai ngươi thò lươi; vai ngươi khac thò ngu

Some are lazy; some other, stupid

Ngay thò nong; ₫ïm thò lanh

The day was so hot; the night, damp

Töi chỉ ngac nhiïn, con cac ban töi thò bị choang

I were only surprise; my friend was shock

B E LLIPSES IN D EPENDENT C LAUSES

1 E LLIPSES IN A DVERBIAL C LAUSE

The Adverbial Clause of Comparision is extremely elliptical.

Vến ₫ï̀ nay khöng dï̃ như töi nghĩ

This problem is not so easy as I thought

Tònh hònh khöng bi quan như anh nghĩ

The situation is not so hopeless as you think

Töi cao băng chị töi

I’m as tall as my sister

Bö́ töi thương töi cung băng thương chị töi

My father loves my sister as well as me (as well as he loves me.)

Chiḯc vay nay ngăn hơn chiḯc kia

This skirt is shorter than the other one

Chị töi cao hơn töi möt cai ₫ều

My sister is a head taller than me

ASNOT ASNOT SO

ADJADVUN’S/ CN’S

ASASAS

more/less + long/short ADJ / ADV THAN

Hăn ta khöng quan têm ₫ḯn tiï̀n nhiï̀u như ba vơ cua hăn

He is less interested in money than his wife is

Ho quan têm ₫ḯn phim anh nhiï̀u hơn la sach vơ

They are more intersted in movies than in books

Gia ₫ònh cö ta co nhiï̀u tiï̀n như gia ₫ònh hăn

Her family has as much money as his

Gia ₫ònh hăn giau co hơn gia ₫ònh cö ta

His family has much more money than hers

Tai nan khöng phai do thơi tiḯt xếu băng do sư bết cển cua tai xḯ

The accident was not was so much due to the bad weather as the driver’s carelessness

Ha nöi khöng lơn hơn sai gon vï̀ diïn tñch

Hanoi is not as large as saigon in area

Cö ta khöng thöng minh như töi nghĩ

She is not as intelligent as I thought

Nươc trong hö̀ ếm hơn töi nghĩ

The water in the lake was much warmer than I thought

Nha anh lơn hơn nha töi nhiï̀u

Your house is much larger than mine

THAN much/less + UN’s

main clause sub clause

AS

NOT SO

NOT AS

AS SB THINK /HOPE/ EXPECT

I/We : back one step in tense

You/she