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Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 156 pdf

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration http://www.noaa.gov In addition to a photographic gallery featuring scenes from American landscapes and a section for relevant news items,

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International Whaling Commission

http://www.iwcoffice.org

A simple Web site that provides reports, press

re-leases, and other statements from the commission

Also highlighted is information about whales and

eco-system conservation as well as details on the group’s

publications (magazine and annual reports)

The Land Institute

http://www.landinstitute.org

This Web site centers on news, publications, and

programs It also includes an online bookstore and an

archive database The publications section has three

subheadings: science, general, and prairie writers

Medicinal Plant Working Group

http://www.nps.gov/plants/MEDICINAL/index.htm

A Web site dedicated to outlining the medicinal

uses of plants It includes pictures, descriptions, and

uses of nearly twenty different plant varieties Also

fur-nishes links to articles addressing the topic of

medici-nal plants

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

Millennium Assessment 2009

http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/

index.aspx

A United Nations-sponsored program, the

Millen-nium Ecosystem Assessment seeks to chart the changes

in ecosystems and the consequences of these changes

The Web site has downloadable versions of entire

assessment reports on issues such as desertification

and wetlands and water

Mine-Engineer.Com

Open Pit Surface Mine

http://www.mine-engineer.com/mining/

open_pit.htm

A resource with extensive information on open-pit

mining and the materials derived from the process

Contains links to mining stories and videos Also

in-cludes special sections on earthquakes and portals to

other Web sites dedicated to issues related to open-pit

mining

Mineral and Gemstone Kingdom

Minerals A-Z

http://www.minerals.net

Minerals A-Z is a comprehensive look at every

known mineral The site is easily navigable, and

infor-mation can be searched by one of eight methods:

al-phabetical order, chemical group, color, streak,

hard-ness, crystal group, elemental affiliations, and Dana classification

Minerals Management Service (MMS) http://www.mms.gov/

The MMS, a division of the U.S Department of the Interior, has a Web site dedicated to the dissemination

of information that affects the U.S mining industry The tabs in the left margin address general topics such as renewable and offshore energy and specific topics such as Virginia Lease Sale 220 and Atlantic Seismic EIS

Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Government of Norway

Svalbard Global Seed Vault http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/lmd/

campain/svalbard-global-seed-vault.html?id=462220

Part of the Norwegian government’s ministry of agriculture and food Web site Outlines the mission and history of the seed vault and links up to articles relevant to the status and development of the under-ground repository FAQ section also included NASA Goddard Space Flight Center The Landsat Program

http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov Home page for the Landsat program, replete with data and images from space Provides a list of re-sources, including a user’s handbook, to help famil-iarize the general public with the remote-sensing pro-gram

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) http://www.nasa.gov NASA’s home page, with links to topics such as remote sensing and space resources Highlights ten specific topics: shuttle and station, Moon and Mars, solar system, universe, aeronautics, Earth, technology, NASA in your life, NASA people, and NASA history National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT)

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/center/ncat The NCAT is located at the University of Auburn The Web site highlights the center’s publications and reports and leads a virtual tour of the institution’s fa-cilities The site includes fact sheets on the equipment used to test asphalt

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National Institute for Occupational Safety

and Health (NIOSH)

National Academy Review Briefing Documents: The

Mining Program

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nas/mining

Overview of NIOSH’s mining program The site

defines what the program is, what it has accomplished,

and what it hopes to accomplish in the future

National Mining Association (NMA)

http://www.nma.org/

The NMA Web site links with appropriate news

arti-cles and provides fact sheets on mining-related issues

The subsections titled “Issues,” “Publications,” and

“Statistics” cover numerous aspects of mining in the

United States

National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration

http://www.noaa.gov

In addition to a photographic gallery featuring

scenes from American landscapes and a section for

relevant news items, the Web site offers links to eight

subdirectories: weather, oceans, fisheries, charting,

satellites, climate, research, and coasts

National Wildlife Federation

http://www.nwf.org/

As a resource for children, the Web site links to

wildlife-related magazines such as Ranger Rick and

Na-tional Wildlife and spotlights endangered species

in-digenous to North America The site also presents a

section focused on global warming

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Minerals Yearbook, Mineral and Metal

Commodity Reviews

http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/mms-smm/busi-indu/cmy-amc/com-eng.htm

The Web site includes downloadable statistical

in-formation on individual minerals Documents

out-line information pertaining to a mineral’s production

and its impact on the Canadian economy and

envi-ronment Includes a “highlights” section, a “history”

section, and numerous graphs and charts

Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)

http://www.nrdc.org/

Drop-down menus related to environmental issues

include “green business” and “green living.” The site

also includes blogs, issues of importance to the NRDC

(such as reviving oceans), and ways in which a user can take action in his or her community

Nature Conservancy http://www.nature.org/

Embedded video, audio, and maps are the center-pieces of this site Also provided are online versions of the group’s quarterly magazine, news links, and an online store selling clothing, books, and bedding Nuclear Energy Institute

http://www.nei.org/

The Web site highlights five key issues: protecting the environment, reliable and affordable health care, new plans, safety and security, and nuclear waste dis-posal Also available are news stories, statistics and facts, and updates on policies related to nuclear en-ergy

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries

http://www.oapecorg.org/

The margins stack links to statistics and publica-tions, and the body of the home page has press releases and a history on the creation of the organization Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

http://www.opec.org/home This site contains easy-reference links to OPEC pricing, investments, and reserves The home page has downloadable files of OPEC publications as well

as press releases and transcripts from speeches given

by representatives of the organization

Portland Cement Association Cement and Concrete Basics http://www.cement.org/basics This is a resource page that introduces key aspects

of cement, concrete, and the cement and concrete in-dustry The site also features a flash animation tour of

a portland cement plant, a cement quiz, an FAQ page,

a list of concrete products, and a description of how concrete is made

Resources for the Future http://www.rff.org/Pages/default.aspx This Web site includes feature articles, video inter-views, and a weekly policy blog The site focuses on five primary areas: “Energy and Climate,” “Regulating Risks,” “ Transportation and Urban Land,” “The Natu-ral World,” and “Human Health.”

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Sea Shepherd Conservation Society

http://www.seashepherd.org/

This site presents top news stories relevant to the

organization Also available are picture links to the

or-ganization’s campaigns, videos showcasing the work

undertaken by the group, and a resource section for

journalists

Seed Savers Exchange

http://www.seedsavers.org/

In addition to a blog, a community forum, and

fea-ture articles, the Web site has an online store from

which rare vegetable, flower, and herb seeds can be

purchased

Sierra Club

http://www.sierraclub.org/

The Web site’s drop-down menu features the

orga-nization’s goals, programs, lists of outings, and links

to state-specific sites Also includes a blog and an

on-line store

UNESCO World Heritage Centre

http://whc.unesco.org/

This Web site’s tabs direct the user to the list of

World Heritage sites and to the activities,

publica-tions, and other resources associated with UNESCO

Includes a calendar of events and feature articles

about various heritage sites

United Nations

http://www.un.org

The hub for anything related to the United

Na-tions Presents a brief overview of the structure of the

organization; access to maps, documents, and other

publications; news items; and a schedule of events

The page has five main category heads: “Peace and

Security,” “Development,” “Human Rights,”

“Human-itarian Affairs,” and “International Law.” Access to

U.N resolutions related to desertification, climate

change, endangered species, and other topics is also

available

United States Army Corps of Engineers

http://www.usace.army.mil/Pages/default.aspx

This Web site includes feature articles, news links, a

“hot topics” section, and a link to the corps’ library

and reference center The site is underscored by the

corps chief’s blog

United States Bureau of Reclamation

Reclamation: Managing Water in the West

http://www.usbr.gov/

The right margin directs the user to pages that cover the bulk of the bureau’s missions and goals These links include information about specific proj-ects as well as archived speeches, reports, and publica-tions The left margin links to pages such as “Water Operations” and “Programs and Activities.”

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey National Geodetic Survey

http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/

This Web site is the essential source for every as-pect of geodesy Includes downloadable software, a GPS toolkit, and VERTCON, among other tools and programs Also houses data, images, and reports United States Department of Agriculture http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome This Web site is centered on news items The left margin provides links to topics such as food and nutri-tion, laws and regulations, research and science, and travel and recreation Extensive archives of published material, including photographs, are also accesible United States Department of Energy

http://www.energy.gov/

Includes “quick clicks” for students, consumers, and researchers; embedded video archives; a drop-down menu covering topics such as science and tech-nology, energy efficiency, national security, and prices and trends; special features; and a news ticker United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division http://www.usdoj.gov/enrd/

Outlines the mission of the department and the de-partment’s litigation responsibilities In addition, the site has relevant news links The left margin guides the user to press releases, a list of FAQs, business op-portunities, and other destinations

United States Department of Labor: Mine Safety and Health Administration http://www.msha.gov

This site highlights extensive resources for mine safety, including “quick links” to maps, alerts, and mine rescue Also available are statistics, numerous in-depth looks at special initiatives, a list of rules and regula-tions, and links to Web sites of affiliated organizations United States Department of the Interior http://www.doi.gov

Includes news; featured video and audio; Web cams

of national monuments, such as Old Faithful; and

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stu-dent and teacher resources The site links to

depart-ments under the jurisdiction of the Department of

the Interior, such as the Bureau of Land Management

and the National Parks System

United States Department of Transportation

http://www.dot.gov/new/index.htm

Through video, the site chronicles those affected

by transportation projects A special features section

has links to programs under the jurisdiction of the

de-partment Also included are fact sheets on safety and

news items relevant both to transportation and to its

impact on resources in the United States

United States Environmental Protection

Agency

http://www.epa.gov

The Web site is centered on the biography of the

agency’s administrator and furnishes lists of issues,

laws, and regulations; blogs and other media archives;

and interactive resources for students, including

quiz-zes, games, and advice Also included are search

en-gines for statistical information and other data

United States Fish and Wildlife Service

http://www.fws.gov

The site provides links to numerous programs,

in-cluding those pertaining to endangered species and

domestic fisheries Also available are library resources,

videos, podcasts, featured articles, a history of the

ad-ministration, photographic logs, and many other

re-sources

United States Forest Service

http://www.fs.fed.us

For easy access, the Web site includes a drop-down

menu that allows the user to locate a forest or

grass-land by state or by name The site also has unique

fea-tures such as “plant of the week” and a “spotlight”

sec-tion with relevant news items Furthermore, the site

gives links to photographs, videos, and project sites

United States Geographical Survey

http://www.usgs.gov/

The menu allows users to browse and click by

top-ics, which include floods, earthquakes, droughts, and

remote sensing The mineral yearbook, an extensive

database of mineral production and usage in the

United States, is also available through this Web site

The page also features a multimedia gallery with

pho-tographs, videos, and audio archives that include a

public lecture series

United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission http://www.nrc.gov/

This Web site has a “key topics” section and a news stream The drop-down menu is divided among six categories (each of which has numerous subcatego-ries): “About NRC,” “Nuclear Reactors,” “Nuclear Ma-terials,” “Radioactive Waste,” “Nuclear Security,” and

“Public Meetings and Involvement.” The commis-sion’s yearly budget also can be viewed

Web Elements http://www.webelements.com

A comprehensive guide to all the elements, replete with periodic table and links to a fact sheet on each el-ement that includes a list of essential data, the history

of discovery and usage, and uses of each element Western Wood Products Association

http://www2.wwpa.org/

This Web site provides a buyer’s guide, a technical guide, and a list of publications related to the associa-tion Users can search for statistical reports and down-load information about wood-related topics such as mold, lumber basics, and California fire standards The WILD Foundation

http://www.wild.org The Web site’s drop-down menu contains informa-tion on the World Wildlife Conference, the WILD Foundation’s field projects, and the organization’s policies and research Also accessible are a blog, em-bedded video, and relevant news

Wilderness Society http://wilderness.org/

This Web site is centered on issues important to the society, such as forests, wilderness, global warming, and energy Reports on each of the society’s political positions are outlined The site includes press re-leases, a media kit, and a blog

The World Bank http://www.worldbank.org/

This Web site lists the World Bank’s projects and operations, information for specific countries, and statistical information Also available are blogs, video, and podcasts as well as comprehensive feature arti-cles

World Database on Protected Areas http://www.wdpa.org

The Web site includes a welcome note outlining the purpose of the organization and furnishes an

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in-teractive map that allows users to view protected areas

by different criteria, such as internationally or

nation-ally protected sites Results of protected area searches

can be downloaded

World Nuclear Association

http://www.world-nuclear.org

The organization represents associations and

em-ployees of the nuclear industry The Web site is

orga-nized by news items, brief explanations of the

asso-ciation’s role and activities, and “hot topics.” Also

accessible are pages for issues, statistics, and

organiza-tions linked to the nuclear industry

World Resources Institute (WRI)

http://www.wri.org/

The Web site is organized by topics most pertinent

to the organization, including people and

ecosys-tems, climate, and markets and finance It also

in-cludes blog posts and links to new stories that involve

the WRI

World Steel Association

http://www.worldsteel.org

Industry feature stories are juxtaposed with

inter-active items such as photo contests and human

in-terest stories The site has access to industry

statis-tics, a bookstore, and links to global issues, such as

climate change and sustainability, that affect the steel industry

World Wide Fund for Nature http://www.worldwildlife.org/

A comprehensive Web site for one of the most high-profile environmental activist groups in the world The site includes numerous links to the organization’s ac-tivities, protests, and issues of importance, full of pho-tographic and video documentation Special category sections are reserved for places, species, and climate World Wildlife Fund

http://www.panda.org/

The site for the American and Canadian wing of the World Wide Fund for Nature The Web site dia-grams the organization’s mission and ways in which it

is accomplished Also included is an “Are you looking for?” section with links to numerous areas, including information on climate change and critical species Worldwatch Institute

http://www.worldwatch.org/

The Web site is subdivided into categories such as climate and energy, food and agriculture, and green economy It highlights the organization’s publica-tions and posts news items related to the group Inter-active materials such as user polls are featured

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Indexes

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Argentina, 59

Australia, 85

Austria, 90

Belgium, 97

Brazil, 136

Canada, 162

Chile, 192

China, 197

Congo, Democratic Republic

of the, 235

Denmark, 283

Developing countries, 301

France, 467

Germany, 511

Greece, 538

India, 600

Indonesia, 606

Iran, 623

Italy, 641

Japan, 650

Kazakhstan, 655

Mexico, 741

The Netherlands, 807

Norway, 826

Peru, 918

Poland, 958

Portugal, 965

Russia, 1043

Saudi Arabia, 1058

South Africa, 1121

South Korea, 1127

Spain, 1136

Sweden, 1186

Switzerland, 1191

Taiwan, 1197

Thailand, 1215

Turkey, 1246

Ukraine, 1251

United Kingdom, 1258

United States, 1278

Venezuela, 1292

Zimbabwe, 1366

Ecological resources

Atmosphere, 79

Biodiversity, 104

Biomes, 114

Biosphere, 119 Biosphere reserves, 121 Climate and resources, 213 Coral reefs, 255

Deserts, 299 Ecosystem services, 331 Ecosystems, 334 Ecozones and biogeographic realms, 338

Farmland, 410 Food chain, 447 Genetic diversity, 488 Global 200, 524 Grasslands, 535 Groundwater, 548 Lakes, 664 Monsoons, 777 National parks and nature reserves, 796

Oceans, 849 Ozone layer and ozone hole debate, 900

Primary production, 972 Rain forests, 992

Rangeland, 997 Soil, 1098 Space resources, 1132 Streams and rivers, 1161 Water, 1307

Weather and resources, 1321

Wetlands, 1327 Wilderness, 1336

Energy resources

Animal power, 47 Athabasca oil sands, 77 Biofuels, 108

Coal, 217 Coal gasification and liquefaction, 224 Cogeneration, 232 Electrical power, 343 Energy economics, 357 Energy storage, 367 Fuel cells, 472 Gasoline and other petroleum fuels, 480

Geothermal and hydrothermal energy, 503

Hydroenergy, 579 Methanol, 739 Nuclear energy, 830 Ocean current energy, 843 Ocean thermal energy conversion, 844 Ocean wave energy, 846 Oil and natural gas chemistry, 856

Oil and natural gas distribution, 858 Oil and natural gas drilling and wells, 861

Oil and natural gas exploration, 864 Oil and natural gas formation, 867

Oil and natural gas reservoirs, 869

Oil industry, 875 Oil shale and tar sands, 879 Peak oil, 911

Peat, 913 Photovoltaic cells, 934 Plutonium, 956 Propane, 977 Solar chimneys, 1109 Solar energy, 1112 Steam and steam turbines, 1143 Tidal energy, 1225

Uranium, 1283 Water, 1307 Wind energy, 1345 Wood and charcoal as fuel resources, 1353

Environment, conservation, and resource management

Agronomy, 21 Biological invasions, 112 Buildings and appliances, energy-efficient, 146 Climate and resources, 213 Coastal engineering, 227 Composting, 233

Conservation, 239

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Conservation biology, 246

Deep ecology, 276

Drought, 316

Ecozones and biogeographic

realms, 338

Environmental degradation,

resource exploitation and,

375

Environmental engineering,

379

Environmental impact

statement, 384

Environmental law in the

United States, 384

Erosion and erosion control,

398

Federalism and resource

management, 414

Fires, 426

Fisheries, 430

Floods and flood control, 441

Forest fires, 454

Forest management, 456

Forestry, 461

Green Revolution, 542

Greenhouse gases and global

climate change, 544

Herbicides, 573

Horticulture, 576

Hydroponics, 588

Land ethic, 667

Land management, 670

Land-use planning, 673

Monoculture agriculture, 775

National parks and nature

reserves, 796

Natural capital, 802

Overgrazing, 894

Ozone layer and ozone hole

debate, 900

Pesticides and pest control, 923

Population growth, 963

Recycling, 1001

Reforestation, 1005

Renewable and nonrenewable

resources, 1010

Slash-and-burn agriculture,

1092

Soil degradation, 1103

Soil management, 1106

Soil testing and analysis, 1107 Species loss, 1141

Sustainable development, 1183 Weather and resources, 1321 Wilderness, 1336

World Wide Fund for Nature, 1362

Geological processes and formations

Aquifers, 57 Carbon cycle, 174 Deforestation, 277 Deltas, 282 Desertification, 295 Earthquakes, 323 Earth’s crust, 324

El Niño and La Niña, 342 Floods and flood control, 441 Geochemical cycles, 494 Geothermal and hydrothermal energy, 503

Geysers and hot springs, 516 Glaciation, 518

Greenhouse gases and global climate change, 544 Groundwater, 548 Hydrology and the hydrologic cycle, 585

Hydrothermal solutions and mineralization, 590 Igneous processes, rocks, and mineral deposits, 592 Leaching, 686

Lithosphere, 698 Magma crystallization, 706 Marine vents, 724

Metamictization, 731 Metamorphic processes, rocks, and mineral deposits, 732 Nitrogen cycle, 821

Oil and natural gas formation, 867

Ophiolites, 887 Pegmatites, 916 Phosphorus cycle, 932 Placer deposits, 938 Plate tectonics, 948 Plutonic rocks and mineral deposits, 954

Residual mineral deposits, 1013 Salt domes, 1053

Seafloor spreading, 1066 Secondary enrichment of mineral deposits, 1067 Sedimentary processes, rocks, and mineral deposits, 1068 Sulfur, 1173

Sulfur cycle, 1177 Volcanoes, 1300 Weathering, 1324

Government and resources

Antiquities Act, 56 Argentina, 59 Atomic Energy Acts, 83 Australia, 85

Austria, 90 Belgium, 97 Brazil, 136 Canada, 162 Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 167 Chile, 192

China, 197 Clean Air Act, 210 Clean Water Act, 211 Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act, 216 Coastal Zone Management Act, 229

Congo, Democratic Republic

of the, 235 Denmark, 283 Endangered Species Act, 353 Energy Policy Act, 361 Environmental impact statement, 384 Environmental law in the United States, 384 Exclusive economic zones, 407 Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S., 429

France, 467 General Mining Law, 487 Germany, 511

Greece, 538 India, 600 Indonesia, 606 Iran, 623

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Italy, 641

Japan, 650

Kazakhstan, 655

Land-use regulation and

control, 675

Landsat satellites and satellite

technologies, 680

Law of the sea, 685

Mexico, 741

Mineral Leasing Act, 747

Mineral resource ownership,

747

Multiple-use approach, 785

National Environmental Policy

Act, 790

National Parks Act, Canadian,

795

The Netherlands, 807

Norway, 826

Peru, 918

Poland, 958

Portugal, 965

Public lands, 978

Reclamation Act, 1000

Resource Conservation and

Recovery Act, 1017

Russia, 1043

Saudi Arabia, 1058

South Africa, 1121

South Korea, 1127

Spain, 1136

Straddling Fish Stocks and

Highly Migratory Fish Stocks

Agreement, 1156

Superfund legislation and

cleanup activities, 1177

Surface Mining Control and

Reclamation Act, 1182

Sweden, 1186

Switzerland, 1191

Taiwan, 1197

Takings law and eminent

domain, 1201

Taylor Grazing Act, 1208

Thailand, 1215

Turkey, 1246

Ukraine, 1251

United Kingdom, 1258

United Nations Convention on

the Law of the Sea, 1269

United States, 1278 Venezuela, 1292 Wilderness Act, 1341 Zimbabwe, 1366

Historical events and movements

Alaska pipeline, 27 Chernobyl nuclear accident, 191

Dust Bowl, 318 Earth Summit, 321 Environmental movement, 390

Exxon Valdez oil spill, 408

Green Revolution, 542 Industrial Revolution and industrialization, 610 Los Angeles Aqueduct, 702 Manhattan Project, 716 Mineral resource use, early history of, 752

Oil embargo and energy crises

of 1973 and 1979, 872 Reserve Mining controversy, 1012

Sagebrush Rebellion, 1049 Stockholm Conference, 1155 Three Mile Island nuclear accident, 1224

United Nations climate change conferences, 1262

Wise use movement, 1350

Laws and conventions

Agenda 21, 7 Antarctic treaties, 52 Antiquities Act, 56 Atomic Energy Acts, 83 Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 167 Clean Air Act, 210 Clean Water Act, 211 Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act, 216 Coastal Zone Management Act, 229

Earth Summit, 321 Endangered Species Act, 353 Energy Policy Act, 361

Environmental law in the United States, 384 European Union Natura 2000, 404

General Mining Law, 487 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, 523 Kyoto Protocol, 662 Montreal Protocol, 780 National Environmental Policy Act, 790

National Parks Act, Canadian, 795

Public trust doctrine, 983 Ramsar Convention, 996 Reclamation Act, 1000 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 1017 Stockholm Conference, 1155 Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement, 1156

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, 1182 Taylor Grazing Act, 1208 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 1266 United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1267 United Nations Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1268

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 1271 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1275

Water rights, 1315 Wilderness Act, 1341

Mineral and other nonliving resources

Abrasives, 1 Aggregates, 8 Alloys, 28 Aluminum, 30 Antimony, 54 Arsenic, 66

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