Summary reading • Millef·Urey • Creala conditions lifa in E's atmosphere Water, methane, hydrogen, ammonia • Weeb amloo acids • Posited Simple life loons In oceans Comets + meteorites am
Trang 1EXPlANAT~Y ~ EXAMPlE ANSWERS ANO AU OIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSIMOOE l TEST 6 131
t/ The talk summarizes 8 short lacltJr8
t/ Inaccuracies in the content are minor
t/ The talk is dif8CI and well-organizoo
'" The &efltencel Bfe logically connecloo
'" Details and eJ!8mples suppo rt lhe opinion
'" The speaker expresses complete thoughts
'" The meaning is easy 10 compj"ehend
'" A wide range of vocabulary 'I used
'" The speaker p8rapnrll58lin hlshler own WOrdl
'" The speaker aedits the lecturer with wording
'" Errors In gratlVTlll1 are minor
'" The \alk Is within 8 range of 125-150 woros
Summary reading
• Millef·Urey
• Creala conditions lifa in E's atmosphere
Water, methane, hydrogen, ammonia
• Weeb amloo acids
• Posited
Simple life loons In oceans
Comets + meteorites amino acids
Rarerred 10 as "'primordial soup·
LIving structures on E ~ natural evolution atmosphera
"",""
CritiCism -+ procedura + conclusions
• Procedure
Constant electrical stimulatiOn
Acids more CXlfICeIltrated
Amount oxygen reduced -+ incorrect proportlons
· """"""""" E similar 10 meteorites '" amino acids trom beginning
AckIs deposited meteorite crash on landmasses
nghlcd m<l
Trang 2738 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITlES OUIZZES AND MODEL TESTS
PrimorIIial
~-1 Primordial I "'H~ c.mo I CQneent"ted .- .- I- begio , """ •• ~ ~ -" ~ "'"
r-Example &say
The Miller·UrBY experiment as an attempt to recreate the conditions under which life may have evolved in the Eanh's atmosphere Arsl, aler methane hydfOgen end ammonia were healed and electrical charges ere administered to simulate strong electrical storms that ere probably part 01 early conditions At the end 01 a few eeks amino acids ere Identified In the liquid Miller and Uroy posited that simple life forms could have been nurtured in the early oceans and h.lrthermore that comets and meteorites could have added more amino acids to the oceans The mixture referreclto as "primordial soup," seemed to suggesl lhat living SlructUr8S on Earth could have developed from lhe nalural evolu-tion 01 the atmosphere
Recent criticism 01 Miller and Urey calls into question both lhe procedure for the experiment and the conch.lsions First the mixlure as subjected to constant electrical stimulation; nowever storms In the early atmosphere ere probably nol continuous Second the amino acids that ere crested in the l ab-oratory were probably more concentrated,han those produced in the natural envirOnment Third, there
is some question aboullhe amount of oqgen lhat as reduced from the experimental mlxlure a seri-ous concern since the proportions would have to be the same lor a simulation to be achieved Finally some researchers suggest lhe possibility that early Earth as similar to meteorites and consequently may have contained amino acids from the beginning or amino aCids may have been deposited when
Checkllsl for '"t.gralftl &say
'" The essay ans ers the topic question
'" Inaccuracies in the conlent are miflOf
'" The essay is direct and ell-orgallized
'" The sentences are logically connected
Trang 3EXPl.ANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEl TESTSIMOOEL TEST 6 739
tI' The writar expresses complete thoughts
tI' A wide range of vocabulary Is used
tI' The writer credits the author with wording
f u lE~IItSir ,.~Es:sAr u' LLo A FlMf8u Utgr"
• Teacher has similar experience - can use Ll
• Cheaper than Joreign travel
• Less slresslul
• Natural speech-accent Idioms
• Cultural oontexl- oohaviofs
My ?Pinion - Intermediate proficiency own country • advanced abroad
I ""'""'"
""" ''''''''
ODnt&xl
T _
"
Lou """
8Jluch
Intennediate own country
""""""
-righted aler
Trang 47 40 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCR I PTS FOR ACTIVITIES DUIZZES AND MOOEL TESTS
fDIIIp/e &ay
There are many advantages 10 learrVog a language in your own country In the first place, it is QUite a lot cheapef than it WOIJId be to travetlO the country where the language Is spoken The cost 01 airlate.liv
-ing ac:commodations lood and llJition at a foreign school can be prohibitively high In addition there is leas SI.oss Involvod in leaming in n familia ()nviror>monl Studying nbroad roqu;.oe thaI you SpOOk lho lor·
elgn language all the lime 10 acoornplish basic activities Although it is an oppottuMy to use the language
daily in a eal setting ~ can be very wearing Flnally.1t is advantaQEl:OUS to I\ave teachers who spealt you native language because they I\ave gone through the same stages of learning the foreign language that
you are experiencing and they know how 10 explain the new language by relating It 10 the native language Nevertheless an argument can be made lor learning a language In the country in which it is spoken
Only there can you truty hear the oooent and idiom! of natural speech Being surrounded by the lorelgn language allows you to acquire nuances thaI elude the classroom II Is also beooficIa/ 10 I9arn the
Ian-guage within the context 01 the cutture so thaI you can leam the behaviors thai accompany language For example, learning how to order in a restaUlllnt when you are right \hefe with native speakers win also let
you see how to behave in a restaurant in the loreign country FInally thefe are ollen opporturVties that occur while you are In ano4her country Friendships can result In Invitations to spend time with native speakOl'S in their homes and possibilities can pmsenllhemse/ves lor wor1I or sludy In \he foreign country
In my opinion the best way to team a Jangoage Is 10 achieve an intermediatele'l/et of profidenc;y In your own country and then 10 travel to the country where the language is spoken to make progress !rom the inter-mediate to the advanced level By using this plan you can benelit !rom the advantages 01 boIh opIioIlS
0/ The essay answers the topic question
0/ The point 01 view or position is clear
iii' The essay is direct and well-organized
iii' The S8fltences are logically connected
iii' Details and examples support the maln Idea
iii' The writer expresses comptete thoughts
iii' The meaning is easy to comprehend
iii' A wide ange 01 vocabulary Is used
iii' Various types 01 sentences ere Included
iii' Errors In grammar and idioms ere minor
0/ The essay is within a range of 3OCI-35O words
Trang 5EXPl ANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€l TES T SIMOOEl TEST 7 741
MOOEL TEST 7: PROGRESS TEST
~ Reading
, 1 "TIlE #h1lltJl.11IJI& Crcun
1 B Solar en6I0' is /he SOUfC8 of power for /he nydrOlOgic cyde paraphrases "The hydrOlogiC cycle
Is driven by solar enetgy" and begins by 8V8JXX8ting wafer from plants, soil , OC68ns, and Ire~
water sources paraphrases 'evaporates water from oceans, freshwater bodies, soils, and vegetation.'
2 0 "The hydIoIogic cycle is the transfer of water from the oceans 10 the atmosphere to the land
and back to the oceans " Choices A and B are not COITec1 because they ere not complete since
they reler to only pan 01 the cycle Choice C is not COI'Tec1 because It refers to water sources,
not the process
3 0 "Of the total 1.3 billion km waler on Earth , about 97 % is in oceans and about 2% is glaciers
and Ice caps The rest [01 the walerl is in freshwater on land and In the atmosphere: The pr0-noun phrase "The rest' does not refer to Choipes A, B, and C
4 B ' the building 01 large dams and r&sefVOirs, can change the amount of water evaporeted into
the atmosphere and change the location and amount of precipitation on land: Choice A Is not correc1 because pavement Increases flooding Choice C Is not correct because it refers to the
purpose 01 the man-made water sources, not to their effec1 on the water cycle Choice 0 Is no! COITec1 because aqueducts transport water from the mountains, but they do not imp!OYEl the flow into the oceans
5 C " ••• water on land [freshwaterl is important in moving dlemiCals, sculpturing landscape,
_ath-ering rocks transporting sediments, and providing our water I'9SOIJroe5.' Choice A is not
cor-rect because the rate of evaporation is not compared Choice B is not COITec1 because 91% 01
the water Is In oceans, not freshWater sources Choice 0 is Irue but It is not the reason why lreshwater is considered important
6 B In this passage, pattis a synonym lor "oomponent: Context comes from the references to
"per-centages."
7 C In this passage, bBsic is a synonym lor "fundamental." Context comes !rom the usage with
"unit,' which Is ollen described as 'basic' or "fundamental.'
8 A "A drainage basin is usually named lor its main stream or river, such as !he Mississippi River
drainage basin." The ptrase·SUCh as" signals an example, Choic8s B C, and 0 are true, but they are not the reason that the euthor mentions the Mississippi River,
9 0 ', this relatively small amount 1 water in the gklbal waler cycle (0.001% 01 the total water on
Earthl produces a1t our freshwater resources." Choice A is not correct because the resi-dence time 019 days is more than one week Choice B is not correct because both glaciers and
oceans are unsuitable lor human use Choice C is not c:orrect because CJN.t a relatively small amount 01 water Is in !he global water cycle at any one time
1 C ", , the problem is water's availability in the right place at the right time In the right form."
Choice A is not COfT8Ct because total water abundance Is not the problem Choice B Is not cor-rect beea'l$8 people, plants, and animals oompete for water, but there is no evidence In !he
paragraph that plants and animals are using the water that humans require, ChoIce 0 is no! correct because the age of water is not mentioned as a safety hazard
1 C In this passage, important is a synonym for "significant: Context comes from the numbers in
\he fraction
12 C Cause and effect is a transitional device that connects \he insert sentence with the previous
sentence The cause is "distribution 01 water on land Is tar /rom lriIorm" and the result Is water
Trang 6EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCR IPT S FOR MOOEL TESTSJUOOEL TE ST 7 743
READI*S 3 "t:s.Quur.r PATfJIT!"
27 0 " palents are about the conlIot 01 technology." ChoIces A and Bare nol CO«eet because
prOlesls and lawsuits ere caused by patents, but Ihey are not the reason lor pateots to exist
Choice C is not COI'TecI because the "incentive and reward" to InventOfS Is the reason touted [pubtic::ized[ but not the real reason
28 0 "In the 17605 Arkwright Invanled the weler·powered spinning frame, a machine destined to
b og collon-aplonlng out oIlhe horne and 1010 lhe fac1ory " [a machine) was an invention."
The pronoun "tt" does not relM to Choices A, B Of C
29 A Among the laws to protect Britain from competition paraphrases 1"0 protect its [Britain's) com·
petitive advantage Parfiameot eoacted a serie5 01 restrictive measures," and the textile
indlJ$tryparaphrases "manulac1ured cloth." • a ban on exporting Arlrwrigtrt equipment para· phrases "the prohibition 01 the expor1 01 Arkwright machinery'" and the {bIJn Oil} emigratioo of
former employees paraphrases "the emigration 01 any worIters who hed worlted in factories
uSing it [Arkwright machinery]."
30 C " Samuel Slater who had worIted for years In the Arkwright miUs left England disguised
as a farmer • he was an Intellectual property thief." Choice A is no COffee! because Slater esteblished the texlile mill in Am9fica, not in Great Brilain Choice B Is not COI'Teet because Slater was.he only wor1<er from Britain Choice 0 Is not oormct because Slater broke the law
3 t A In this passage, discoveries is a synonym for "innovations." Context comes from the i
ntrodUC-.ion In Ihe firsl paragraph that explains the "rights" for 1nventors."
32 B "By the early 19705 U.S Industry demanded greatar protection for ils idea-based products."
Choice A is not correct because Ihe free exchange was favored earfler In lhe history of the
United Stales Choloa C Is no correct because the United States pushed for standards In Inter·
natlonal trade agreements Choloa 0 Is not corree! because Ihe United States blamed the Third
Worid nations lor piracy
33 A " a counterclaim that these were ·nawral' or 'raw' malerials andlherelore did no qualify lor
paleots." Choloa B is not corred because a high percentage of the materials originated in piant and animal germ plasm taken Irom the developing world Choice C is not correcl because barely a cen of royalties had been paid Choice 0 Is a claim against pirates In the Third WoOd,
but it Is not a justillcation for using plants and animals from Ihe developing wor1d
34 B "Such unacknowledged and uncompensated appropriation they named ·biopiracy.'· Choices
A, C, and 0 are not pan oIlhe authors delinitioo
35 B In this passage, assist is a syoooym IOf"facilitate." Context comes from logical reasoning in the
sentence that soggesls a positive effect Choice D can be eliminated because It woukl have a negative elled
36 0 In this passage, ideas Is a synonym tor "notions." Conle~1 comes from the reterence to the
abstract concepts of "property and creativity."
37 A The word "Conquest" c:onveys the idea 01 domination, power, and unlair practioes Choices B
and C are tfl.le, bullhay do not explain the use of the word "ConqUe5t." Choice 0 is not correct
beeause the trade ag.eemenls pr&v&nt developing nations from axertlng the power that they
mlgh' obtain ttvoogh ownership 01 valuable resources
38 A Chronological Ofder lIS well as cause and effect are transitional devices that connect the tnsert
sentence with the previous and following sentences "Arriving in the U.S." In the inser1
sen-tence would have to loIlow Ihe reference in the previous sentence to the lime when Slater 1eft
England lor the New Wor1d'" The recreation of the factory In the Insert sentence was the cause
that "eoabled the production of commercial-grade cotton cloth In the New World" mentioned in the following sentence
39 A, D, F summarize the passage Choices B and C provide an exampte that develops major point A
Choice E Is a detall that supports major point D
IlYngh maler I
Trang 7748 ANSWERS ANO AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVlnES , OUIZZES, ANO MODEL TESTS
Hera's a translation , To translate an object means that we move it, but we do it without rotation Of
reflection, tt'8 slmpfy placed somewhere else on the plane, And lor our purposes, we're talklng aboot a
flat plane So, In this 1IJC8mpl&, uh, we lust moved H over a little bit
Okay, this Is my last example of symmetry and Ws referred to as glide rellection This is the most
complex type 01 symmetry because it involves two steps Instead of one, A glide reflec1ion is a
combina-tion 01 a rellection and a Iranslation along the direction 01 the mirror line So, uh, you can see the two
8Iepa here Finn, we nip it oYer and \hen we move il somewhere else on the plane
01 course these concepts can be generaliz.ed to Include spatial symmetry as well But, symmetry on
a nat plane Involves positioning all points around the plane so their positions In relationship to each
remain constant • , • although their absolute poSitions may be SUbject to change To put it in simple
terms, It an object looks the same to)lOY after you spin it aroond,llip it over, or look at It in a mirror, then
that object probably has symmetry,
Syrnmel!)' sucti a fundamental Ofganlzli'iQ'"prlnapie thai an obf8CI with symmetry can be identifl8d 1 091
0Ul tieing able to see the-:Uh, •• , the entire otlfeCl Our brains somehow piece together \he
jNIjtIgpil!R'lO fOflTl a symm8inear wt1OIe Which Is real~ rather el(!raordlroary when you think ebout
II, AI some very basic levet, syrrmetry may be pari 01 the way that we that we Ofgani2:e our thinklng
And 01 course, that woold explain why it's so pleasing
So now let's retum to symmetry In art, Symmetry stands out and attracts attention, It's the system of
organization lor pattems But what is a pattern?")iiIMrm 1iii'lhiili!.~Jjli(~-.t~~ ~
~W we said belore, tffij Is often symmetJy, but a pattern also has a basle uri!\, thafls uh,
objiet !hal's the smallest diSCl'8t8 part 0I1ne image As you'll recalilrom the types 01 symmetry
(hal we diCussed, the letter Rwas the baSk: unit Okay, finally, a pattarn has repetition, which can be
~ flCit 01 a uriif' Of 8 group Of unas, And , uh, this repetition, In much o art, this repetition is
arranged syrnmetrieallV