The characteristic physical properties 01 a substance are those thai identify the substance without causing a change In the composition of the substance.. IDl Characteristic properties
Trang 1REAOING SEC TION 10
~ In the past several years, however, new archaeological finds along the
Padlic coast of North and South America have thrown this theory into question
ICJ The most spectacular lind, at Monte Verde in southem Chile, produced strik·
ing evidence 01 tool making, house building, rod< painting, and human loot·
prints conservatively dated at 12,500 years ago, long belore the highway had
been cleared of ice IDI Many archaeologists now believe that migrants moved
south in boats along a coastal roote rather than overland These people were
probably gatherers and fishers rather than hunters of big game
-+ 1llere were two Later migrations into North America About 5000 S C E the
Athapascan or Na·Dene people began to settle the forests in the northwestern
area of the continent E!JiIlIIjjifij Athapascan speakers, the ancestors of the
Navajos and Apaches, migrated across the Great Plains to the Southwest
~ The Inuits (also known as the Eskimos) colonized the polar coasts of the
Arctic the Yupiks lhe coast of southwestern Alaska, and the Aleuts the Aleutian
Islands
While scientists debale the timing and mapping of these migrations, many
Indian people hold to ()(8.1 traditions that include a long ;oumey Irom a distant
place of origin to a new homeland
40 The word djstinctive in the passage is closest in meaning to
' " oew
CD simple
CP different
aD particular
41 According to paragraph 2, why did Stone Age tribes begin to migrate Into Beringia?
<D To Intermarry with tribes living there
CD To trade with tribes that made loois
CP To hunt for animals in the area
aD To caplUre domestiCated dogs
Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow 1 -+ ),
42 The phrase Agxtmpanjed by in the passage is closest in meaning to
cD Found with
(J:) Joined by
CP Threatened by
aD Detoured with
Trang 2170 MODEL TEST 2 : PROGRESS TEST
43 The word wlili:tI in the passage refers to
<Z:I migrations
(]) evolution
<D geneticists
en> populalions
44 Why does the author mention blood types in paragraph 3?
<Z:I Blood types offered proof thallhe migration had come from Scandinavia
<D The presence 01 type B In Native Americans was evidence of the migration
<D The blood typing was similar to data from both Japan and Scandinavia
en> Comparisons of blood types in Asia and North America established the date of
migration
Paragraph 3 is marKed with an arrow [-+]
45, How did groups migrate Into the Great Plains?
<Z:I By walking on a corridor covered with Ice
(]) By using the path that big game had made
<D By detouring around a huge ice sheet
en> By following a mountain trail
46 Why does the author mention the senJement at Monte Verde, Chile, in paragraph 5?
<Z:I The remains of boats SlJggest that people may have lived there
(]) Artifacts suggest that humans reached this area before the I ce meHed on land
<D Bones and footprints from large anlmats confirm that the people were hunters
en> The houses and tools excavated prove that the earty h mans were intelligent
Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow 1-+ ]
47 The word Eyentually in the passage is clOsest in meaning to
<Z:I In the end
CD Nevertheless
<0 Without doubt
<1> In this way
Trang 3READING SECTION 171
48 Which of the sentences below best expresses the infoonatioo in the highlighted statement
in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important Information
(J) Beringia was under water when the last people crossed the straits in boats aboul3000
B.C.E
([) Beringia sank after the last people had crossed the straits in their bOats about 3000
a.C.E
CD About 3000 e.c.E., the final migration of people in small boats across Beringia had
ended
CD AbOut 3000 B.C.E., Beringia was flooded, preventing the last people from migrating in small boats
49 According to paragraph 6, all of the following are true about the tater migrations EXCEPT
(!) 1he Athapascans traveled into the Southwest United States
<D 1he Eskimos established homes in the Arctic polar region
CD The Yupiks established settlements on the Great Plains
Paragraph 6 is msr1l:ed with an arrow 1 -+ ]
SO Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the author's opinion about the settlement of the North American continent?
CD 1he oral traditions do not supporl the mlgratiOfl theory
<D The anthropological evidence for migration should be reexamined
CD Migratioo theories are probably not valid explanations for the physical evidence
<D Genetic mar1<ers are the best evidence 01 a migration from Asia
5 1 look a the four squares ( _ ]Iha t show whare the following sentence could be inserted in the passage
been radiocarbon dated to be 11,000 to '2.000 yeara ofd
Where could the sentence bes t be added?
CIId< on a square I- I to Insert the sentence In the passage
Trang 4172 MOOEl TEST 2: PROGRESS TEST
the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important
•
•
•
Answer Choices
of many Native American nations
IDI Hunters followed the herds of big game
Great Plains
IBI The people who inhabited Monte Verde
in southern Chile were a highly evolved
culture as evidenced by their tools and
home,
the arrangement of teelh viruses and
blOOd types
!EI Excavations at archaeological siles pro-vide artilacts Ihat can be used to date the various migrations thai occurred by land and sea
(f) The climate began to get warmer and warmer, melting the glacial Ice about
13 ,000 B.C.e
"-Ing 5 " PtyJiul.tld Chemical PrtJpertIa d CIY,,9ft "
-+ Sugar, water, and aluminum are different substances Each substance has
specific properties lhat do not depend on lhe quantilyol t he substance Proper
ties that can be used to idenlify or characterize a substance-and distinguish
They are subdivided into two categories: physical properties and chemical
properties
The characteristic physical properties 01 a substance are those thai identify
the substance without causing a change In the composition of the substance
They do not depend on the quantity 01 substance !AI Color, odor, denSity
melling point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductilily
malleability, and yl:;msily are all characteristic physical properties For exam'
Trang 5REAOING SECTION 173
pie, aluminum is a metal that is both ductile and malleable [BJ Another example
01 a physical property Is water Whether a small pan 01 water is raised to its
boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point the
tem-perature at which the water oolls Is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212
degrees F ~ Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees
F These values are independent 01 quantity IDl
Characteristic properties that relate to changes in the compoSition of a
sub-stance or to how it reacts with other substances are called chemical properties
The following questions PertaIn to the chemical properties of a substance
1 Does it bum In air?
2 Does it decompose (break up Into smaller substances) when heated?
3 What happens when it is placed in an ackl?
4 What other chemicals will it react with, and what substances are
obtained from the reaction?
Characteristic physical and chemical properties-also called Intensive
properties-are used to identify a subslance In addition to the characteristic
physical properties already mentioned, some intensive physical properties
include the tendency to dissolve in waler, electrical conductivity, and density,
Wt:Ilc.ti is the ratio 01 mass to volume
Additional intensive chemical properties include the tendency 01 a
sub-stance to react with another subsub-stance, to tarnish, to corrode, to explode, or to
act as a poison or carcinogen (cancer-causing agent)
If a lump of candle wax is cut or broken into smaller pieces, or if it is melted
(a change 01 state), the sample remaining is still candle wax When cooled, the
molten wax retums to a solid In lhese examples, only a physical change has
laken place; that is, the composition of the substance was not aHeeted
-+ When a candle is burned, there are ooth physical and chemical changes,
After the candle is lighted, the solid wax near the burning wick metls This is a
physical change; the composition 01 the wax does not change as it goes Irom
solid to liquid Some 01 the wax Is drawn into the burning wick where a
chemi-cal change occurs Here, wax in the candle flame reacts chemically with
O'K'J-gen in the air to form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor In any chemical
change, one or more substances are used up while one or more new
sub-stances are formed The new substances produced have their own ufilqU&
physical and chemical properties
Trang 6174 MODEL TEST 2 : PROGRESS TEST
The apparent disappearance 01 something, like the candle wa)(, however, is
not necessarily a sign that we are observing a chemical change For e)(ample,
when water evaporates from a glass and disappears, it has changed from a
liq-uid to a gas (called water vapor), but in both forms it is water This Is a phase
change (liquid to gas), which is a physical change When aUempting to
deter-mine whether a change is physical or chemical, one should ask the 'Ci'1~JI
question: Has the fundamental composition of the substance changed? In a
chemical change (a reaclion), it has, but in a physical change, it has not
Glossary
ductility: can be drawn into wire
malleability: can be shaped
viscosity: thick, resistant to flow
53 According to paragraph I, what do physical properties and chemical properties have in
common?
a> Thoy aro both used to croato most 01 the substances
CD They include basic substances like sugar and water
c!) They are classified as characteristic properties of substances
CD They change in proportion to the amount 01 the substance
Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow [ ~l
54 The word perlain in the passage is closest in meaning to
a> compare
CD relate
c!) e)(plain
CD change
55 The word.w.hich in the passage relers to
a> properties
CD teodency
c!) density
CD ralio
56 According to the passage, a carcinogen
<D conducts electricity
<D causes cancer
CD tarnishes in air
Trang 7READING SECTION 175
57 Which of the sentences belOw best expresses the information in the highlighted statement
in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information
CD Properties that are classified as intensive identify the type 01 substance and the extent
of it present in the surrounding matter
(]) The quantity 01 a substance inlluences its extensive properties but the characteristics althe substance define the intensive properties
«> Where the Intensive and extensive properties are found in substances Is important in identifying their characteristics
en> Both intensive and extensive properties tend to have quantitative rather than quali ta-tive characteristics present
58 In paragraph 8, the author contrasts the concepts 01 physical and cherrVcaJ changes by
<D listing several types lor each concept
(]) providing clear definitions for them
en> using a wax candle as an example
Paragraph 8 is marked with an arrow [ ,
59 The word unique in the passage is closest in meaning to
<D distinctive
(]) idealized
«> primary
en> sIgnificant
60 What can be inferred about phase changes?
<D They are always chemical changes
(]) They are sometimes physical changes
«> They are dependent on extensive properties
en> They usually produce new substances
61 The word cdlical in the passage is closest in meaning to
Q;) last
(]) important
«> difficult
en> simple