Activity 34, CD 3, Tl'lIck 2 SELECT INFORMAnON FROM BOTH SOURCU Strategies to Use ~ Summarize the primary source ~ Use transition sentences ~ Include the secondary source .... Summariz
Trang 15 Primary source:
Secondary source:
6 Primary source:
Secondary source:
7 Prir1lCuy SUUfctl:
Secondary source:
B Primary source:
Secondary source:
9 Primary source:
&tcondary source:
'0 Primasy source:
Secondary source:
• Get organized
SYNTHESIZING 1 41 Advertising products abroad
The marlleling plan lor Toyota in the United States
The theory of flow
A HaNard University study on flow
The impact 01 a large meteor on Earth The disappearance of dinosaurs after the meteor
Nuclear power plant s afe dangerous
Nu clear power Is a good source of energy
Qualitative research designs in the social sciences The Hawthorne effect as a limiting factor In qualitative research
The size, price, and power of earty computers The si ze , price, and power of modem computers
Use 11'10 skills that you havo alnHIdy Ionmod to got Qr9llnizod boloro you bogin your synthesis
Arsl, read the directions for your assignmeol Of the question for your lest Ask yourself these quest ions:
1 What Is the primary source?
2 What is the secondary source?
3 What is the task? Extension or contrast?
4 What is the specffic relationship between the primary and secondary sources?
Read the dirllClions lor a synlhasis ul Ultl r eadi ny a nod 16t.1Ullf bttlow Then prepare to responod
by asking the lour questions you have learned to use:
1 What is the primary source?
2 What Is the secondary source?
3 What is the task? Extension or oontrast?
4 What is the specific relationship between the primary and secondary sources?
The answers are printed in Chapter 7 on pages 53t-532
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Trang 2_2 ACADEMIC SKIUS
Directions: Summarize the points In the reading, explaining how the lecture supports them
_I.,
Marsupials are a group of mammals that are born alive after a very shott gestation period,
Since a marsupial appears quite earty in its life cycle, it must complete its embryonic
develop-ment while nursing In order to survive, the young underdeveloped marsupial must crawl from
the exit of the reproductive tract over its mother's body to attach itself to a nipple inside a fold
of skin called the marsupium bot better known as 8 pouch, During embryonic development,
which can be weeks or months, depending on the species, a marsupial nurses and grows
inside the pouch Most marsupials do not form family groups It is the female marsupial that
cares for the offspring The young marsupial may stay with the mother for more than a year,
climbing in and out of the pouch to nurse or sleep
Although marsupials once ranged throughout North and South America, 8S well as in
Antarctica, only a few species now live outside of New Zealand and Australia where more than
250 species are still found There Is Quite e diversity of marsupials within these species and
they have adapted to a number 01 different habitats; however, some ch81acterlstics are
univer-sal among them Auditory and olfactory senses are very Important to marsupials becauselhey
are nocturnal creatures that depend on their ears and eyes to locate their food 8t night Some
marsupials prefer plants, although others eat Insects or meal Uke other mammals, marsupi·
als are covered with hair Unlike their placenlaJ cousins, however, marsupials have additiorlal
bones that project from the peMs, a support that may strengthen the wall of the abdomen to
reinforce the pouch that is their unique adaptation
listen to part of a lecture In a biology class
( ) Activity 34, CD 3, Tl'lIck 2
SELECT INFORMAnON FROM BOTH SOURCU
Strategies to Use
~ Summarize the primary source
~ Use transition sentences
~ Include the secondary source
Summarize the primary soiree
You will often be asked to summarize the main points in the primary source and then relate the
secondary source to It Even If you are not asked to summarize the primary source, you should
still begin by using your notes from the primary source
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Trang 3SYNTHESIZING 1 43
Atter you have taken notes on both sources, direct your anention to the notes tOt the primary source If the directions tor your assignment or the question for your test instruct you to sum· marize the primary source, begin with a summary, using your notes
PtlAerICE At:n~m as
U sing the notes from the primary source, write a summary In this case , the primary source is the reading in Aclivity 34 Do not use the notes from the secondary source in the summary Compare your SlJmmary with the example summary printed In Chapter 7 on page 532
Notes lor Reading- Primary Source
• marsupials", mammals
• shaft gestation
reproductive tract -+ m8lSupiumJpouch wlnipple
• no family groups
mother I yr +
• once NA, SA, Antarc
now few outside NZ + AuSl 250 specieS+
• diversity habitats
• universal characteristics
nocturnal
smell, hearing important
hair
add~ional bones project pelvis, relnfOtce pouch
Notes for Lecture-Secondary Source
• koala = marsupial,O bear
• gestation 3S d
• pinklno fur
• 19 mm
• birth canal pouch/I of 2 nipples
• 6-7 mo devaloplexplore
• 8 mo 100 big for pouch
• I yr Independent
• Teddy Bear _ size, fur, round aarsJIarge nose
• keen hearing, smell
• sleeps trees day
Use transition sentences
Transition sentences are very useful in a synthesis They can be used to connect information from the primary source with information from the secondary source Tr ans~ion sentences show the specific relationship between the two sources
Trang 4144 ACADEtoIlC SKILLS
Learning some patterns for forming transitional sentences can be helpful The charts below are examples for you to study
Extension/Agreement
Primary Source
A research study on' _ _ _
Secondary SoUral
Research Study
was carried out _ _ _ According to _ _ _
A research study on flow was carried out at Harvard University According to the study,
An example 01 _ _ _ "' - - - According to _ _ _
An example 01 a familiar opera is "Carmen." Aooording to the lecturer, "Carmen •
The Toyota company·s campaign in the United Stales is a case study of advertising products abroad According to the lecturer, Toyota •
The Impact of a large meteor on Earth may have caused the disappearance of dinosaurs According to the leclur&r, the meteor
_ _ _ may oller a solution lor According to _ _ _
European noise ordinances may oller a solution for the problem 01 noise pollution in a techno-logical society According to the lecturer,
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Trang 5SYN'THESIZING 145
_ _ _ , However , a case may be made fOf the opposing view According to, _ _ _
· the view that nuclear power plants are dangerous However a case may be made IOf the opposing view According to the lechner,
_ _ _ On the other hand, several disadvantages were menllol18d' _ _ _
• • is also an advantage of cooperative learning On the other hand, several disadvantages were mentioned in the lecture First,
Comparison
_ _ _ • In comparison, According to, _ _ _
· theoretical linguistics In comparison applied linguistics answers practical questions
According to the reading, an applied linguist
, Include Ute secolflary saurea
A synthesis is not complete unless inlormation from the secondary source Is Included
Proofread your synthesis Look IOf information lrom both the primary source and the sec·
ondary source
I'IAcra .,m" 36
Use the information about the primary source and the secondary source to write transition
sen-tences that will connect them Compare your answers with the example answers printed In Chapter 7 on page 532 Your anSW8f"S may be slightly different but you should see the same patterns that you lind in the examples
Primary source: Reading
The advantage 01 observation is the natural setting
Secondary source: Lecture
The disadvantage of observation Is the potenliallOf the researcher 10 be biased
Transition sentence to connect advantages with disadvantages
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The advantage of observation is the natural setting On the other hand, several disadvantages
were mentioned in the lecture Am, there Is the potential for the researcher to be biased
1 Primary source: Reading
A biogeographic realm is a land mass
Secondary source: Lecture
A biome is a major regional ecosystem
Transition sentence to connect one concept with another concept in a comparison
2 Primary source: Reading
Innovations in industrial production in the 19th century
Secondary source: Lecture
Henry Ford's assembly line
Transition sentence to connect a concept with an example
3 Primary source: Lecture
Advantages of stone for sculpture
Secondary source: Reading
Disadvantages of stone for sculpture
Transition sentence to connect the advantages with the disadvantages,
4 Primary source: Reading
Horticultural societies grow crops using hand tools
Secondary source: Lecture
Agrarian societies cultivate crops with draft animals and plows
Transition sentence to connect one concept with another in a contrast
5 Primary source: Reading
Changes in the climate of the North American coaSUlne
Secondary source: LechJre
EI Nino
Transition sentence to connect a cause ( E I Nino) with an effect (changes in Climate)
6 Primary source: Reading
Franchises
Secondary source: Lecture
Kentucky Fried Chicken chain
Transition sentence to connect a business concept with a case study of a restaurant
franchise
7 Primary source: Reading
Risks for heart problems
Secondary source: Lecture
Research on Type A and Type B personalities
Transition sentence to connect a concept with a research study
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Trang 78 Primary source: lecture
The United States should coovert to metrics
Secondary source: Reading
The United States should retaln the English system
SYNTHESIZING '47
Transition sentence to connect one opinion with an opposing opinion
9 Primary source: Reading
South Africa's natural resources
Secondary source: Lecture
Gok:I mining
Transition sentence to connect a ooocept with an example
Commuting to work
Secondary source: lecture
Home offices
Transition sentence to coonect a problem (commuting) with a solution (home offices)
FOUOWA PUll
Sb '" tI UII
, Memorize a procedure
, Work within time limits
, Practice using the procedure
, Memorize a procedure
In order to accomplish a complex task, it helps 10 have a prcx:edure The first Slep in using a new procedure is putting the sleps in order anclleaming !hem
Tell yourself whal you are going to do to creale a synthesis of two sources Read the following
steps until you can recite them withoullooking althis page
Read the assignment or test question
1 Identify the primary source
2 Identify the seoondary source
3 Decide Whether the task Is extension or cootrasl
4 Determine the specffic relationship between the primary and secondary sources
Read the passage and lake notes
I.isten to the lecture and take notes
Plan and write 8 synthesis
5 Summarize the primary source
6 Create a transition sentence to OOfIflect the primary source with the secondary source
7 Summarize the secondary source while making references to the primary source