&sa, When we ere considering options lor e major field in college, the counselors often mention the amount 01 money that we can expect to eam it we make thai career choice.. EXPLANATORY
Trang 1872 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVmES, QUIZZES, ANO MOOEL TESTS
EXAMPlE A.IIsJru RIIIlnHllArlD SnM." 0wI1 3 "EM"" Rrot l '13"
The college is considering a change In the TOEfl requirement It would allow international studenls
who score five points below the ClII-oH score of 80 to take a credit dass while Itley'ral!nlshlng their
Eng-~sh courses in the English Language InstiMe Urn, the student thinks that !he new poliCy is a good idea
because , some students have problems taking a test but they still have the the capacity to
lucceOO In their credit classes, especially in their major field And students who qualify will have an aca·
demic advisor so theyll be more likely 10 take a class they can handle So she also suggests that a
pan-lime schedule would give students a smoother transition Into a fu l!·~me academic schedule and, uh, it
would also motivate students who have been In the Institute for a long time end they're getting tired 01
studying English
C,,"kllst 3
tI The talk summarizes the sIluatlon and opinion
tI The point 01 view or posilioo Is clear
tI The talk Is direct and well-<:M"ganlied
tI The sentences are logically connected
tI Details and examples support the opinion
tI The speaker expresses complete thoughts
tI The meaning is easy 10 comprehend
tI A wide range of vocabulary Is used
tI Errors if) grammar are minor,
tI The talk is within a range 01 125-150 words
fXAMItE A.IIsJru RJIIllI1lIIIArlD SIfu." Quantll4 "MrrHs ,.,IEfll u"
Myths arB stories from ancient times that offer an explanation for why things happened and they oftan
have their origin In religion, but legends are stories about more current heroes who realty lived end they
repl"esent examples of the best values of their culture So Paul Bunyan would be consldered a legend
because there was probably a big lumberjack, and as the stories about him were told, they got more and
more e~a9gerated until he was a gIant who used wagon wheels for buttons on his shin and he could
create lakes with his big Iootprints The prolessor says that this legend was appropriate lor Canada and
\he United States during the Westward e)(pansion 01 these countries because \he stories were about
recent events and the territories were so vast, a hero would need to be a giant to represent the best val·
U BS 01 such a lime and place
Crukl/Sfl
tI The talk relates an example to a concept
tI Inaccuracies in the content are minor
tI The talk Is direct and well-<:M"ganlzed,
tI The sentences are logically connected
tI Details and examples suppan the opinion
tI The speaker expresses complete thoughts
tI The meaning is easy to comprehend
tI A wide range o vocabulary Is used
tI The speaker paraphrases In hlslher own words
tI The speaker credits the lecturer with wording
tI Errors in grammar are minor
tI The talk Is within a range ot 125-150 words
lpynght maklr I
Trang 2674 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIP T S FOR A C TIVITIES , QUIZZES , AND MODEL TESTS
EXAMI'U IIESI'DIISE FOR IlITE6RArro ESSAY ff JE7 SrRuIIs"
Outline
Description
• Rivers of wind
• Avg 190 mph
• Difference temp Ardic/Tropics ~ stOfms
Airline travel
, Ftying time W -+ E 1 hr less bc1Iailwind
• More fuel + more turbulence for headwind
Map
Je! 5tr&am
I 0Gserip1ion
""""
Rivers or 1 20 , (OJ , I !empeOifIerenee "lU r a
,-""'"
W"~
Enm,l Essa,
•
Airline
"'"
TaI i lwind I - '\
", " "" """""" ",,"
According to the reading, jet streams are 'rivers of wind" that OCC\Ir al altitudes of aboul20,ooo feel
and travel at an average speed 01 190 miles per hour TwO jet streams are allacted by the difference in
lamp&fature between the arctic and the trOPICS ceusing storms to devetoo along their pathS When the
Airlines conslder the conditions 01 the jel slreams when they are calculaling the Ilying times lor their
schedules For e~ample, (Hl a round-trip flight across the Uniled Stales Ihe flying lime west to east
more fuel Is required for a headwind and more turbulence will be experienced Furthermore, wea!h&r
conditions will be Inlluenced by the positiOn 01 the jet stream relative to the night pattern because stOfms will tend 10 move along with the current of the jet·stream
Trang 3EXPl AN T QRy OR EXAMf>lE ANSWE R S ANO UOtQ SC R IPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 67S
"" The essay IIt'ISWefS the topic question
"" Inaoc:uracies n the COOlenl are minor
"" The essay is direct and weklfganlzecl
w' The sentences 8felOgk:ally mnnecled
w' Details and examples support the main idea
"" The writer expresses complele thoughts
"" The meaning is easy 10 comprehend
w' A wide range of vocabulary Is used
"" The writer paraphrases in lislher own words
"" The writer credits the authot with wording
"" Emws In grarrmar and Idioms are m inor
"" The essay is within a range 0/1 ~225 words
O lltlln~
Comlortable living
• Healthy lifestyle-less pressured,less Slress
• rtme with lamily members
Large amounts of money
• Better standatd of living lot family
• Moto opportUnities lor charities
My experieooe
• Busy lather
• Prefer lime with my children
"""""'"*
-Loa I.coa
ViIroopofl 1
CO
"""""
""""
,«
"""""
"""'"
- rl xpa~ atr
Trang 4678 ANSWERS AND AUDJO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES QUIZZES AND MQDEl TESTS
Ex.""I &sa,
When we ere considering options lor e major field in college, the counselors often mention the
amount 01 money that we can expect to eam it we make thai career choice Then it is up to us 10 decide
whelher it is Important to make Jarge amounts of money or whether we are satisfied to eam a comfOl't·
able living Certainly there are good rea&ens for both deel&lons
II we make a lot 1 money It will be posSible to provide a beller standard of living for oor families
We can live In better homes our children can go to more prestigious schools and participate In activities
or take lessons we can go on vacations and have experiences thai 'NOU1d be Impossible withool the
financial resources thai a high-payir.g job produces We can enjoy what the material worid has to oHer because we can pay lor i1 Besides supporting oor p8fSOI1al lilestyles we can aHord 10 give generously
to charities
In conlrast, it we make a comfOl'tabie IMng the advantages are Jess visible but nonetheless impor
-lant We can partiCipate in a healthy lifestyle because we will be less pressured A job that pays less may have a slower pace and lewer responsibilities less stress may allow us to sleep better There may
be fewer demands on our time so we can exercise more and have more meals al home, contributing to good health The extra time can also be spent with family members instead 01 at the office We can be
atlhe ball game when our child hilS the home Nn
In making a personal decision I am opting for a comfortable living Instead of the high-powered job
wilh e larger salary As the son of a sucxesslul executiva I remember elq)8f'lsive vacations that my
father paid for but did not participate In because he was 100 busy at \\'011( I preler to spend lime with my
children Instead 01 spending money on them plan 10 be at the ball gama
"" The essay answ8fS the topic question
"" The point 01 view or position Is clear
"" The essay is direct and well-organlzed
t/ The sentences are logically connected
v Details and examples support the main Idea
"" The writer eKPresses complete thoughts
t/ The meaning Is easy 10 comprehend
"" A wide range 01 vocabulary Is used
"" Various types 01 sentences are Included
"" Errors In grammar and idioms are minor
"" The essay is within a range 01300-350 words
Trang 5EXPLANATORY OR E)(A.MPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 5 679
her theories -make her conservative colleagues cringe.' Choice C is not correcl because
con-servative researchers concentrated on studies of tools and bones and used them to support
their theories Choice 0 Is not correct because she uses not only modem cuttural evidence bul
also archeological evidence, Including small game bones and tools thai could have been used
10 make nets
28 B "Amasslng evldonoe lrom DoIn! VestoniCe and the neighboring site 01 Pavlov, researchers
propose that human survival there had little to do with men hurting e.pears at big game ani
-mars Instead it (survival] depended largely on women, plants, and a technique of hunling
previously Invislble In the archeological evidence.' The pronoun "it' does not reler to Choices
A, C, Of O
29 C In this pa s.s age , suggestions Is a synonym lor "impHcallol'ls: Context comes trom the clause
,hey raise serious questions' in the same sentence
30 B Because hef views 'make oor conservative colleagues cringe." it must be concluded that her
views are not as cons8fVatIV1l Choice A Is not correcl because she disagrees about the role 01
women as h nters, not as caretakers Choice C is not correct because she is identilled as an
authority on the Ice Age and as an archeologist, not as a biolog i st Choice 0 Is not correct
because she Is a leading authority on hunting and gathering in the Ice Age
31 A In this passage, limit is a synonym 101" 'constrain." Conleid comes lrom the logical supposition
I n the same sentence
32 0 historically paraphrases "In many historical societies· and nol periJoos paraphrases'nor
In physical perU.' did nol requ i re great strength paraphrases 'did not call for brute strength.'
and women have been /mpoI1ant participants paraphrases "Women played a key part:
33 0 "Everybody and their mother could partiCipate lin net hunting]." Choice A is not correct
because the Australian hunters were not fishermen, and there Is no evidence tnatthey devet
oped it Choice B Is not oorred because net hunling did not place young mothers in physiCal
peril Choice C is not corred because net hunting was used to caplure game, not to protect the
camp
34 A The author mentions Native American and Aborlgina groups to give examples 01 modern
groupe in which womon participato in I"IOt hunting Cno;oo B;8 not COITect beeauso the author
presents facts, not opinions Choice C is not corred because the techniques do not place
women In perlt but !hey 00 not protect them, ellher ChoIce 0 Is not correct beeause the e.am
-ple 01 the people in the Congo reinforces the inlormation abOIJt the Native American and
Ab0-rigine groups
35 C ' • Mbuti in the forests 01 the Conoo report that they capture game every time they layout
thelrwovert traps scooping up 50 percent of the animals encountered." Choice A is not correct
because nets are valued more than bows and arrows ChoIce B is not corred because they
trade the surplus meat with neighbors Choice 0 Is not corred because vegetables are not
36 B " some of their inhabitants whittled bone toots that look much like the awls and net spacers
"Choice A Is true but it Is not mentioned as evidence Choice C is not correct because
Sol-ler believes that net hunting was rt'oOfe widesj)fead than lhase two sites Choice 0 is not correct
because the camps stretched Irom Germany to Russla but the researchers lrom those afeas
were not mentioned
37 0 In this pas&tgO, furrcfions Is a synonym kN "roles: Context comes l,om the rere<eno;e 1 0 "
aCllv-itles'ln the same sentence
38 C A conclusion based on evidence is a trans"ional device tnat conoects the conclusion in the
insart sanlence to the evidence In !he previous santences Choices A and B afe not oorred
becausa the conclusion In the Insert sentence would appear before the evidence Choice 0 is
not correct because the Insel1 sentence would interillpt the relationship between tM first and
second sentences In the 1as1 paragraph
39 Previous Theories: B , C , D Soffer's Theory: E , F, G , I Not used: A , H
)pynght mater I
Trang 6680 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES OUIZZES, AND MODEL TESTS
~ Listening
o Model THIS, Llslenlng Section, CD 7 Tl'8Ck 4 continued on CD 8 Treck 1
Audio Conl/eraellon
Narrator:
Sttldent:
Student:
Student:
Prolessor:
StlJdent:
Siudent:
Student:
Student:
Prolessor:
Student:
Student:
Student:
Professor:
Student:
Listen to part 01 a conversation between a studenl and a prolessor
Professor Collins I'm really sorry I mean • These are my daughters They're twins
I oouldn, leal/e them I didn' want to cancel I hope it's okay
Thanks Well, !hIs shouldn' lake much 01 your time I really just nave one question
All right
typeS of memory circuits In tong·tenn memory,"
Exactly
Okay , well, declarative memory is a memory that links us to a fact Like a nama or a
Yes, at its most basic level, it Is But declarative memory also IncllJdes problem solving
declaratlve memory to access previous experiences and facts that would allow you to
Oh right I remember your example in class That makes sense f"CoN You were talking
about problem solving by recalling experiences But wasn, !hat episodic memory?
" ~~ ,, ~ tor the 01 a declsIoo or
Not dlreclly, no
Okay Well, when you ride a bike then, you eren, thinking about the name 01 avery part
oltha bike and how to use the handle bars or !he pedals or at least not e»nselotJsly
No
But at some level, you 8m remembering how to do these things, 90 you am using your
)pynghled maken 11
Trang 7~
~
EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCR J PTS FOR MODE L TESTSIMOOEL TEST 5 681
Professor:
Studen!:
Professor:
Student
Professor:
Student
Professor:
Student
Professor:
Student:
Professor:
Student:
Professor:
Student:
Professor:
Student:
Audio
Answer
Audio
Answer
Audio
Answer
Audio
~eplay
Audio
Replay
Audio
Answer
1
B
2
C
3
C
4
•
5
C
Yes it woukl Okay, then Thais why you said t hat dedara\ivtt memory can be more rapidly learned,
but it can also be more rapidly forgotten-because a fact can come and go in the memo
ory But procedural memory takes repetition aod practice so it·s harder to unleam I'm
not saying that very well
But you have the idea Often with declarative memory you're conSCiously trying 10 remember, but with procedural memory you're performing a skill without consciously
!tying to recall how • without each step In the process Thers w hat I mean But •
y~?
Well I was thinking aboul language When my girls Went leaming to talk •
on, see where you are going You want to know whether language learning is dedar· alive or procedural
Yeah
What 00 you think?
I was thinking ihat maybe iI's both? Because you have to memorize vocabulary, bul eventually, ii's more like a skill • like riding a bike because you don~ think about each iodivldual WOfd It's more more automatlc , om: DO@:iii .iin ~
And u , if you ever need to ask me a questioo aod ii's hard 10 get in 10 see me, just
drop me an e-mail
t about thaI, but •
Why does the woman go to see her professor?
To clarify several t8fms thai she doesn~ understaod-declaratlve memory and proce·
dural memory
What do semantic memocy and episodic memory have in common?
They are subcategories of declarative memory
When the professor gives the example 01 riding a bicyde what kind 01 memory is he refening lo?
Procedural memory
listen agaln to past oflhe conversation and then answer the following questJon
"Um Do you see what I mean?"
·A very good analysis I think you've gotlhis.·
"Okay WeU !hanks a lot:
Whal does the student mean when she says this:
·00 you see what t mean?"
She wants c:onfinnatioo thatihe professor understands •
What does the professor suggest?
He offers 10 respond 10 additional questions by e-maiL