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[EJ Robie House and other buildir.gs in Chicago were examples of an organic structure called a -prairie house." The status 01 women In a society dependS in large measure on their role i

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MOOEl TEST SlAEADING SECTION 373

25 Look at the lour squares I_ I that show where the fOllowing sentence could be inserted in the passage

Wright matched his new and fundllmenta"nteriol' spatlalamngement I n h i s exterior tnllatment

Where could the sentence best be added?

Click on a square I_ I to Insert the sentence in the passage

26 Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mentiOn the most important

points in the passage Some sentences do not belong In the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage

Thl queM/on I worth 2 po i nt • •

By 1900 , Frank Uoyd Wright had developed a un i que s tyle 01 architectunll

Answer Choices

@J Wright spent a few years extending his

influence to Europe where he was well

known

IBI F rank lloyd Wright had attended the Uni·

versity of Wisconsin prior to taking a

position with a Chicago firm

1CI Wright became famous lor spaces that

were true to their organic functions

" " " " 3 01 , Ie A, "

IDI -Fallingwater; like other suburban and country homes that Wright built, joined the structure to the natural settir.g lEI Wright was interested in the design of German building blocks for children cre-ated by Friedrich Froebet

[EJ Robie House and other buildir.gs in Chicago were examples of an organic structure called a -prairie house."

The status 01 women In a society dependS in large measure on their role in

the economy !he reinterpretation of the Paleolithic past centers on new views

of the role of women In the food-foraging economy Amassing critical and previ·

ously overlooked evidence from Oolnl Vestonice and the neighboring site of

Pavlov, researchers Olga Soffer, James Adovasio, and David Hyland now

pr0-pose that human survival there had little to do with men hurling spe8l'S at big

r.; n9h!~

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374 MORE MODEL TESTS

game animals Instead, observes Soifer, one of the world's leading authorities

on fce Age hunters and gatherers and an arCMologlst at the University 01

illi-nois in Champaign-Urbana, It depended largely 00 women, plants, and a tech-nique 01 hunting previously invisible in the archeological evidence-net

hunting "This is nol the image we've always had of Upper Paleolithic macho

guys out killing animals up close and personal." Soifer explains "Net hunting is communal, and 1\ involves the labor of children and women And this has lots of

implications."

Many 01 these Itnpllcatlons make her conservative colleagues cringe

because they raise serious questions about the focus of previous studies Euro-pean arcMologists have long concentrated on analyzing broken stone tools

and butchered big-game bones, Ihe mosl plentilul and beSI preserved relics 01

the Upper Paleolithic era (which stretched Irom 40,000 to t2,000 years ago)

From these analyses, researchers have developed theories about how these

societies once hunted and gathered food Most researchers ruled out the POS-sibility 01 women hunters for biological reasons Adult females, they reasoned had to devote themselves to breast-feeding and tending infants "Human

babies have always been immature and dependent," says Soifer " II women are

the people who are always involved with biological reproduction and the rearing

of the young, then thai Is going to cojlstr8/n their behavior They have to provi-sion that child For lathers, provisioning is optional."

To tesllheories about Upper Paleolithic Iile, researchers looked to

ethnog-raphy, the scientific description of modem and historical cullural groups While the lives of modern hunters do not exactly duplicate those 01 ancient hunters,

they $Opply valuable clues to universal human behavior 1n~1~

!@L~ _ s:: S9 H.lij , otiJ f _ryea; ,, :W:C io"le1C pI _ IlY 1!'ij a key ; Rart"ln ne L lWIitm, iiI _ iij;j]

"!::~~:,~~~ ; : jiIIico ""no , _

Among ab lor example Women as well as

men knotted the mesh, laboring for as much as two or three years on a fine net Among Native American groups, they helped lay out their handiwork on poles

across a valley flOor Then the entire camp joined forces as beaters Fanning out across the valley, men, women, and children alike shouted and screamed,

flushing out game and driving il in the direction 01 the net "Everybody and their

mother could participate," says Soifer "Some people were bealing, others were

screaming or holding the net And once you got the net on these animals, they

were immobitized You didn't need brute lorce You could club Ihem, hit them

any old way:

-+ People seldom returned home empty-heMed Researchers Iivin9 amortg

the net hunting Mbuli in the lorests ollhe Congo report that they capture game every lime they layout their woven traps scooping up 50 percent 01 the an

i-mals encountered "Nets are a far more valued item in Iheir panoply of

food-producing things than bows and arrows are," says Adovasio So lethal are

these traps that the Mbuli generally rack up more meal than they can consume,

trading the surplus with neighbors Other net hunters traditionally smoked or

dried their catch and stored it for leaner times

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MOOEl TEST SlREAO I NG SE C TION 375

-+ !8l Soffer doubts that the inhabitants of DoInr Vestonice and Pavlov were the

only net makers in Ice Age Europe.1BJ Camps stretching from Germany to Ru

s-sia are littered with a notable abundance of smaJl-game bones , from hares to

birds like ptarmigan And at least some of their inhabitants whittled bone tools

that look much like the awls and net spacers favored by historical nel makers ~

Although lhe full range of their activilies Is unlikely ever 10 be known for

cer-tain, there is good reason to believe thai Ice Age women played a host of pow

-erful _ !OJ And the research that suggests those roles is rapidly changing

our mental images of the past For Soffer and others, these are exciting times

27 How do Soffer's theories compare with lhase of more conservative researchers?

a> They are in agreement for the most part regarding the activities that women performed

<D Soffer has based her theories on archeological evidence that her COlleagues had not considered

CD Conservative researchers are doubtful about the sludies of stone tools and big-game bon.,

a> Her theories are much more difficult to prove because she relies on modem cultural evidence

28 The word b In the passage refers to

<D survival

CD site

CD) ted1nique

29 The word implications in the passage is closest in meaning to

CD defects

<D advantages

CD suggestions

a> controversies

30 Whal can be inferred about Dr Soffer from paragraph 2?

<D She is probably not as conservative in her views as many of her colleagues

<D She is most likely a biologist who is doing research on European women

CD> She has recently begun studying hunting and gathering in the Upper Paleolithic era Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow r~ l

31 The word constrain in the passage is closest in meaning to

<D lmit

<D plan

CD notice

CD> improve

ngh eel ater

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37& MORE MooEL TESTS

32 Which of the sentences below best expresses the i nformation in the highlighted statemen t

In the passage? The ot he r choices change the mean i ng or leave out importantlnlo rmaUon

physica l strength that they did not possess

how 10 use net hunting

co In many societies , the women did not participate In net hunting because hunting was

an exception to h i storical traditions

CD Because, h istorically net hunt i ng was nol perilous and did not requi re great strength,

women have been i mportant participants in it

33 Based on the informa t ion i n paragraph 3 , which o f the f oliowing best explains the term "net

hunt ing-?

CD An approach t o hunting developed by Australian fishermen

co A way f or the camp to protect women and children from w i ld animals

CD A hunt ing techn ique that includes the entire community

Paragr aph 3 is marked w i th an arrow I ~ J

34 Why does the author me ntion Native American and Aborigine groups in paragraph 3?

CD To give examples of modem groups in which women participate i n net hunting

co To describe net hunting techniques that protect the women in the group

CD To contrast their net hunting techniques with tho se of the people i n the Congo

Parag raph 3 is marked with an arrow [ ~ ]

35 According t o paragraph 4, which 01 the f ollowing IS true about hunting in the Congo?

<D Trade with o th er tr ibes Is li mited because all fOOd mus t be stored

co Net hunters a re success l ul i n capturing half of their prey

CD Vegelables are the staple pari 01 the diet l or the Mbul i people

Paragraph 4 is ma rked with an arrow [-+ ]

36 According 10 par agraph 5, why does Soller conclude tha t net hunting was widespread In

Europe during the tce Age?

CD Because there are a lot of small game still living i n Europe

co Because the bones of small animals were found in Ooln' Veslonice and Pavlov

CD Because German and Russ ia n researchers have verified her data

Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow I ~ l

)pynghled makr 1 1

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MODEL TEST 5IFlEADING S CTlON 3 n

3 The word ~ in the passage is closest in meaning to

<D problems

<D develOpments

(p locations

aD functions

38 Look al the four SQuares ,_ J that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage

SuCh findings, agree Soffer and Adova.lo, reveal Just how shaky the most widely accepted reconstructions of Upper Paleolithic life are

Where could the sentence best be added?

Click on a square [_ J to insert the sentence in the passage

39 DfrectJoos: Complete the table by matching the phrases on the left with the headings on the right Select the appropriate answer choices and drag them to the theory to which they

relate TWO 01 the answer choices wiD NOT be used Th i s qlN!lSt l on Is worth 4 po i nts

To delete an answer choice, click on it To see the passage, did< on View Text

Answer Cholcea

I!I The Introduction oIlannlng

methods changed the status of women

IE Finding big game bones is a major

purpose of archaeological digs

ICI Stone tools prove that Large animals

were used for provisions

IDI Caring lor babies ~mited women to

gathering food Instead 01 hunting

lEI Big game hunting was not as important

as net hunting in the Ice Age

[EJ Bows and arrows are considered

less important than traps

IGI The responslbilitJes 01 women I n the

Paleolithic period Included net hunting

!HI Paleolithic women participated in big

game hunting expeditions

rn Bone tOOls such as spacers and awls

provide evidence for the theory

Previous theories

• Soffer's Theory

ngh eel aler

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318 MORE Moo EL TESTS

USTENING SECTION

o Model Test 5, listening Section, CD 7, Track 4, continued on CD 8, Track 1

The Ustening section le sts your ab ili ty 10 unde rs tand spo ken Eng lis h Ihal is typical of in

terac-tions and academic speec h on college ca mpuse s Duri ng I he l es t , you will res pond to

conver-sations and lecture s

Th is Is the long f or mat for the Uslen l ng section On the long f ormat, you w ill respo nd to three

conversat i ons and si x lect ure s After each lis ten ing passage , you wi ll answer 5-6 quest ions

about it Only tw o conversations and four lectures w ill be graded The o the r conversa t i o n and

lecture s are part 01 an e xperiment al section for future tes ts Because you w ill not know wh ic h

conversations and lectures will be graded, you must try to do your best on all 01 them

You w ill hear each conversation or lecture one time You may take notes wh il e you l is ten , but

notes are not graded You may use you r notes to answer the que stlo ns

Choose the be s t answer l o r mult iple-choice question s Follow the d irectio n s on the page or on

the screen for computer-ass is ted questions Click on Next and OK to go to the next queslion

You cannot return 10 prev ious questions You have 20-30 m i nules 10 an swer all o f lhe

ques-tions A clock on the screen w ill show yoo how much time you have to complete your answers

for the section The clock does not count the t ime you are listening to the conve rsations and

lectures

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MODEL TEST 5IliSTENING SECTION 37t PART I

1_ Why cIoes the woman go to see her professor?

<D To get advice about memorizing information

CD To clarify severallerms that she cIoesn1 understand

CD To get permission to bring her children to class

~ To ask a question about Classroom procedures

2 What do semantic memory and epiSOdic memory have in common?

<D They are both Included in short-Ierm memory

CD They cIo nol concentrate on each slep in the process

(C They are subcategories of declarative memory

<D They are the two major types of long-term memory

3 When the professor gives the example of riding a bicycle, what kind of memory is he referring to?

Q) Declarative memory

<D EpiSOdic memory

CD Procedural memory

~ Semantic memory

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