112 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES, OUIZZES, AND MODEL TESTS ClMeItIIst of "" The 18lk relales an example 10 a ooncepI.. EXf'lANATOFIY OFI EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS F
Trang 1112 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES, OUIZZES, AND MODEL TESTS
ClMeItIIst of
"" The 18lk relales an example 10 a ooncepI
"" Inaccuracies In lhe conlent are minor
"" The talk Is direct and wefI.organized
"" The sentences ara logically coonected
"" Details and examples support the opinion
"" The speaker expresses complete thoughts
"" The meaning Is easy to comprehend
"" A wide range 01 vocabulary Is used
"" The speaker paraphrases In hlslhet own WOtds
"" The speaker credits the lecturer with wording
"" Errors in grammar are minor
"" The talk is within a range of 125-150 words
h·'FlEAats.u FIM"', crfllSnADC tAu, 5 "Erta I r"
The woman needs addi!ionaIlncome 10 moot hat eKPMOOs so her Irieod suggests that she get a job at the cafeteria Even though the salary iso' very high, the free meals are helpful He Isn, sure whether there's a job avaitable but he agrees to find oot He also recommends that she rent the second bedroom
in her apartment lor 8 minimum 01 $250 8 month which would subsidize the renl and utilities The prot>-Iem she points out Is that roommales can be disruptive, and sometimes they aren' fiMociaJIy respoosi, bIe But, she would have more time to study if she dicln' have to work and her Irieod reminds her that she could ~ ir e an agreement In writing , aJong with a deposit Okay, In my opinion, she should try to gel a job either in the cafeteria or someplace else on campus because if &he lives alone, she can main,
18in a quiet anvironmentlof study, and she won' have to worry about a contrad that could be difficult to enforce
Checklist 5
"" The talk summarizes the problem and recommendations
"" The speaker's point 01 view or position Is clear
"" The talk Is direct and weN-organizeci
"" The sentences are i0glcaiiy connected
"" De18ils and examples support the opinion
"" The speakef expresses complete thoughts
"" The meaning is easy to comprehend
"" A wide range 01 vocabulary is used
"" Errors In grammar are minor
"" The talk is within a range 01 125-1 SO words
h'IPUAlnaFIM"'n umSnADC Quo, , "ROf4nRBEM :q"
According 10 the lecturer, \hefe are two major criteria lor using an older research relerence First, she mentions, and I'm quoting here , the -potentlallor change • For example researen on diet may be 100 old atter thirty years because many changes have occurred In dietary practices during thai time , but research on language development may be okay because lewer changes have taken place In language acquisition In the same number 01 years The other criteria requires that you first identify the research as
8 conclusion or an opirjon, Because, uti, in general, a conclusion may be outdated when a newer study
r.; n9h!~
Trang 2EXf'lANATOFIY OFI EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOFI MOOEL TESTsn.!OOEL TEST 2 1113
Is published, bul an opinion credited 10 a petSOn wilh the dale 01 the opinion In the citation, urn, thaI's correct over time tn other wordS thera's no exacI number ot years to decide whether a retereoca is acceptable 90 the date isnl as SignifiCant as the criteria So , an oIdef study can be usect if changes ill
the research haven' taken place 01" if the rest/Its are wordeclll5 opinions with the dates citecl
ChlCkl1Jt6
tI' The talk summarizes a short lacture
tI' Inaccuracies in the COfltent are minor
., The talk is dlreel and well-organlzad
., The sentences are logically connected
tI' Details and examples support the opinion
., The speal\er e~pressas complete thoughts
., The meaning Is easy to comprehend
., A wide range 01 vocabulary Is usect
., The speaker paraphrases In hiSlhar own wordS
., The speal<er credits the lecturer with wording
., Errors In grammar are minor
., The talk Is within a range 01 125 150 words
ExAllPtllluPiaa RIIf!!'i;::wre faAr "TIllE T_ TUT"
Some writers begin with an outline and others begin with a map 01 their Ideas Only the 8$$8y will be
-'"
Turing Tesl-1950
• People Interact wI something
In another room
Questions microphone or computer
Response voice synthesizer Of teld
• Evaluate
Person or computer
Wrong Of can' decide ~
Machine passect Turing Tast
Lecturer
• Premlsect on behavior, not thought
• Chinese Room-John Searle
Questions in Chinese
Relereooe
Correct behavior
SymbOls w l o comprehension
lPyrightCd makr
Trang 3EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 2 615
v' The writer eKP«lsses complete thoughts
II The meaning is easy to comprehend
v' A wide range 01 vocabulary Is used
'" The writer parapflrases In hlSltoer own words
'" The writer credits the aiJlhor witfl wording
II Errors in grammar and idioms are minor
v' The essay Is within a range 0 1 1 50-225 words
Outline
Outline
Agree that pets should be treated Ii ke family members
• Children -Ieam how to care tor brother, sister
• Couple-substitute lor babies
• Disabled, elderly-help, caring like lamily members
• Evary stags in Iile
p
A -I
"''''''''' ""'''"
C_ Substitu1e brother, sislef
Disabled, old ,
"'"
Although the argument I"Ias been made that money spent 00 pelS could better be directed to
pro-grams that provide assislance f()( needy people, I agree that pelS should be treated like family members because they live In our homes and Interact with us like lamlly members do OIten parents allow
chil-dren to have pets In order to teach them to be responsible By feeding, walking and grooming a dog,
children leam to be dependable and kind Parenll eKpGCI their children to take care 01 the pets as It they were members oltha family in order 10 leam these valuable lessons For many children, a dog or a kil-len Is also a bestlrlend and a wonderlul way 10 leam hoW to treat a new brother or sister when the lam-Ily expands
Besides the friendship thai children enjoy with animals, pets can substitute for the absence 01 other lamily members Sometimes a couple who is unable to have children will adopt pets and treat them like babies They shoWer the love on their cats that they might have prOVided a child, and receive affection and companionship In rehJm Many people who are living alo!"18 enjoy the companionship 01 a pet
Instead 01 loved ooes who are at a distance or have passed away The pet becomes 8 ramily member lor these people and deserves the same kind 01 tr atment that a ramlly member would receive
{roqh maler I
Trang 4&18 ANSWERS AND AUDID SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES, QUIZZES, AND MOOEL TESTS
cultures, not as a definition 01 civil i zation , Choice 0 is not COfl"ect because the population cent91'S
increased in size as civilizations grew, but other basic characteristics had to be present as well,
15 B "Although copper was the first metal to be utilized in producing tools, after 4000 B C , crafts
-people In western Asia discovered that a combination 01 copper and tin produced bronze, a
much harder and more durable metal than copper Its [bronze's] widespread use has led hist
o-rians to speak 01 a Brooze Age." The pronoun "its does not refer to Choices A, C, or 0,
16 B · As wealth Increased, such societies began to develop armies and to build walled c ies."
Choices A, C, and 0 may be logical, but they are not mentioned and may not be ooncluded
from information in the passage,
17 , C In this passage, hardly Is a synooym lor 'barely."
1 8 0 Because the author states that Neolithic towns gave "birth to more complex human SOCieties:
it may be concluded that they are mentioned to contrast them with the civilizations thai evolved
Choice A is not correct because a Neolithic town does not qualify as a civilizatiort Choice B is
nol correct because writing systems were not part of Neolithic settlements, Choice C Is not
cor-rect because Neolithic settlements were referred to as villages, and no argument was made for
the classification
19 B ", a new social structure ••• (included] kings and an upper class free people and a
class of staves." Choice A is not correct because It does not Include free people, Choice C is
not COITect because It does not include free people , Choice 0 Is not mentioned and may not be
concluded from Information In the passage The new strvcture described is based 00 econom
-Ics nol on education
20 A the majority paraphrases "most of which."
21 A In this passage, fundamentsl is a synonym for "cnIcial."
22 B In this pa5S8ge, impottanf is a synooym for "prominent." Context comes from the WOfd
"manu-IIlenlar In Ihe SCIlrltlll6fltence
23 B "A number of posslbls explanations of the beginning of civilization have boon suggesled.'
Choice A is not correct because scholars do noI agree on one explanation Choice C Is not
cor-rect because trade routes are nol mentioned in paragraph 4 Choice 0 Is not correct because
COincidence Is noI mentioned as one 01 the poSSible explanations
24 C Choice A is mentioned in paragraph 4 sentence 9 ChoIce B Is mentioned In paragraph 4, sen
-tence 8 Choice 0 Is mentioned in paragraph 4 sentence 6,
25 B A rhetorical question Is 8 question that Is asked and answered by the same speaker Response
Is a transitional device that connects the Insert sentenoe with the previous rhetorical question
Choices A, C, and 0 are not correct because the pronoun "they" In the Insert sentence does not
reler to plural nouns in the previoos sentence
26 , B E F summariZe the passage, Choice A is true but it Is a minor point that is mentioned as an
example of the characteristics of a class structure Choice C may be one of the architectural
structures built, but It Is not specified Choice 0 Is true 01 Mesopotamia and Egypt, but Is noI
developed as a major point
27 0 In this passage, natura/ yis a synonym lor "automatically." Context comes lrom the prefix auto,
which means "sell" and the root mafic, which Is lound In many words Ihat reler to "machines'"
2 8 C 1"he moon Is airless, and although some data suggest Ice frozen In the soil at Its poles It [the
moon] has neVilr had liquid water on Its sur/ace." The pronoun "it" does not reler to Choices A,
B.orO
29 A "Venus has some traces 01 water vapor In its atmosphere but it is much too hoi lor liquid water
to survive." Choice B Is not COfTect because the water translormed to vapor , not ice k:e reI91'S
to our moon , noIlo Venus Choice C Is not correct because the lakes or oceans evaporated
quk:kty Choice 0 Is not COfrect because the alrtess atmosphere refers to Mercury, not to
Venus
Trang 5620 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOA ACTIVITIES aUIZZES AND MOOEL TESTS
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man;
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Anlwer C
Anlwer A
Well have you Ialked wlth a counselor over at the OffIce 01 Career Development?
No I talked to my academic advisor, lhough
That's good but it ·s rea~ better to see ~~ ~Iizes i!l.bGlping people @!J
make career decl5loos., You see an academic advIsof Is there to help you WOfk out your academic program You know.lIgure out what your ma;or Is going 10 be and which
courses to lake and all Ihal 81,11 a Cateer counselor has a lot 01 experience and
resoorces to help you decide what you want to do in the \YOrio: world
Did you see a care&f counselor?
I sure did Last semester I was well, 1 dldn~ even know wt\at I would be good at, lor
8 career, I mean So I made an appointment at the Otflce 01 career Developmenl, and
L talked with a counselor
Do you remember who It was?
Sure It was Ruth Jackson
Oh, but since I'm interested in careers lor math majors, probably I should see someone
else
Not really Any oltha counselors can help you.lDok, first I took some apmude tests and something called a uh I think It was caJled a career Inventory Anyway I took several tests, and then the counselor gave me some ideas about differenl careers I
even _01 10 some group sessions wIttl some other students for a few weeks Mrs
Jackson was the group leeder, so, urn, that's how I met her, and then I Jusl sort 0 1 nal-urally slarted maklng my appointments with her when I needed some advice
11 sounds tike It look a lot 01 Ume I'm so busy already
Well, it did take lime Probably three hours lor the tests, and I think I went to maybe four group sessions and then I saw Ruth a couple 01 times I guess abouI nine or ten hours probably
So , Is that why you deci(jed 10 go Into libtary science? Because of the tests and every·
thing?
In part But, mostly it was because 01 \he intemship You see, I also ",m,
~btlc library, It all sort 01 came together for me
-And you get paid lor WOfIdng there In the IibtlllY too don' you?
I get paid and I get credit toward my ctegree But even belter, have a JOb oMer from the
library where I'm doing my intomr;hip Wow1 Are you going to take it?
I think so I have 10 leI them know next week 1/ I do take the job 111 have 10 go to graduate school to get a dogroo In libtary science, bull can do that parI·time while I'm workin.g and I had thought about graduato schoot anyway So, I'm leanln.g toward
I'm glad for you lid 1IlIII·.,
Dl Maybe she can find me en Intemship
Maybe
What are \he students mainly discussing?
Choices A and C aro mentioned In relerence to the main topic: the advantages ot
career counseling tor the man
What is the man's problem?
He does not know wtllch career to choose
Why does the women teU the man about her expertence?
Because the woman's experieoce was positive, she probably told the man aboutlt in
order 10 demonstrate the benetits
Trang 6EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSMOO€L TEST:'I 623 Answer C She needed to correct what she had said in a pl"evious statement Professors
occa-sionally misspeak, apologize briefly, and provide the CXIIT8Ct Information,
Audio 9 What generally I\appens after a group makes a decision?
Answer C As a whole, the group is even more united in its judgment
study _ For each sentence, dick in the YES or NO coIUfM
A Only one subject is being tested
"
B The cards can be interpreted several ways
"
C Some of the group roIlaborate with the experimenter
"
Audio 11 What/s tna professor's attitude about the studies on social influence?
Answer B She appe3IS 10 be v8fy Interested In them Her tone indicates interest and she cites
some of the fads as "intllfesting."
Narrator: Uslan 10 part of a lecture in an art hislory class
Professor :
eigbleeoUl ceOlury Jhat, ub~accele{ated !.he' 'CIir<!roomen l 01 ~.: discovery that SIlver sahs were light sensitIVe led to •• experimefllatlon with Images of lighl on a a surface thaI had been coaled with silver otten glass was used In the early Images But the problem was thalthes& images were ephemeral-fading after only a
shoI'\ time Some of the chemists who wOOled with them called them failY pictures and considered them, uh, lhallhey wera only momenllllY creations, uh, that they would disappear
Ot<ay How to fix the Image permanenlly was one 01' the most ImlXXtant uh, challenges of the
eat1y photographer chemists In France, in about 1820, Nicephote Niepce discovered a method lor fix·
ing the image atter along exposure time, oh, probably eight hours So, although his work was consid· ered interesting, it was, uh, uh largely dismissed 101' • as Impl"adicaJ Nevertheless, one 01 his
associates Louis Dagl.l8rre, managed 10 find a way to uh reduce , • the exposure time to less than twenly minutes So the story goes, In 1835, Dagusrre was experimenting with some exposed plates
and na pul a couple of them into his chemical cupboard, so a rew
The process Itself was somewhat complicated First he exposed copper pLales to "",'" released lumes 01 , uh, or righi-sensitive silvef Iodide These copper plates were used to capture the
Image, and by the way, they had 10 be used almost Immediately aller!heir exposure to the IClc:line So
the image on the plate was Ihen exposed 10 ~hl lor len to twenty minutes, The plate was developed
over merculY heated 10 about 75 degrees centigrade, whieh , that caused the mercury to amalgamate
Trang 7824 ANSWEAS AND AUDIO SCAIPTS FOA ACTIVITIES, OUIZZES, ANO MOOEL TESTS
s.~"" the image was
reversed, so the $Objects would actually see themselves as though they were looking in a minor,
although, uh, in the case 01 portrails, the tact that people were accustomed 10 seeing themselves in a
mirror made this less • this problem less urgent tI'Ian some 01 the others Nevertheless, some photog
-raphers did point their cameras at a mirrored rellectloo 01 \he i I thai
1 The beautiful cases thai were made to 'ho
;~~;~;;':~:~.:: not purposes but uh but also lor very practical
rea-sons ~ Ii e~posure time had been radically reduced, it was still Inconvenlenlly
long • a twenly minutes, especially lor portraits, since people would have 10 sit still in the sun for thai
length of time Elaborata headrests were constructed to keep the $Objects from moving so thai lhe
image wouldn't be ruined, and, uh, many people simply didn~ W8flt to endure the discomfort
~
Bromide as well as iodine sensitized the plates, and some photographers were even using chlorine In
an ellOl'lIO decrease expo$Ore lime The the portraillens was also ImPl'ovoo by reducing lhe size of
\he opening, and fimiting the amount allight that could enter so the exposura time was about twenly
seconds instead 01 twenly minutes And negative film had been introduced in France, sorry, in England
and negatives permitted lhe production 01 multiple copies from a single image So, photography was on
its way to becoming a popular profession and pastime
Audio 12
Audio 13
e
Audio
Aeplay
What is the maln 10pic of this lecture?
The other choices are all mentioned in order to develop the main topic: the history of early photography
developing and fixing lalentlmages?
Multiple images could flOl be made from the piate
USlan again 10 pan 01 the lecture and then answer \he following question
• At IIrst, he couldn't figure out why, but eventually, ha concluded that this must have occurred as a result 01 mercury vapor from a broken thermometer that was also In
the, uh, enclosed in the cupboard Supposedly, from this fortunate accident, he was able 10 invent a process lor developing latent images on on exposed plates."
~Supposadly , from this lor1unate accident, he was able 10 invenl a Pl'0C9SS for
develop-Ing latenllmages on on eKposed plates. -The word 'supposedly" implies that the speaker is not Stire whelher the infonnalion is acaJrate
What substance was first used 10 fix the images? Table sall
What can we assume about photographers In the tBOOs?
Some of them must have experienced health problems as a result of their laboratory work because the chemicals and the fumes that they released were highly toxic
)pynqhl'Jd ma n tl