Tài liệu Writing for toefl ibt book 3rd eidition part 8 docx

Content Revision Checklis |__| Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis ‘Main ideas ‘Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence va

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Content

Revision Checklis

| | Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis

‘Main ideas

‘Supporting details

FLUENCY AND COHESION

‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety

v CHECK FOR THESIS STATEMENT

The model essay has a thesis statement that shows understanding of the task, The

task asks the writer to summarize points and explain how one casts doubt on the

other, that is, to contrast them The first two sentences are the thesis statement

They summarize the main idea of the reading and of the lecture The transition

words Jn contrast let the reader know that these ideas are opposite to each other

Task: ‘Summarize points and explain how one casts doubt on the other

Contrast words: Jn contrast

‘Transition words

‘Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety

V CHECK FOR TOPICS THAT SUPPORT THE THESIS

The supporting topics are the main idea of the reading and the main idea of the

lecture, They are presented in the thesis statement, The model essay surmmarizes the

main points of the reading and of the lecture and explains how the author’ ideas

are supported by the speaker's ideas

Main idea of the reading and lecture

Reading Color has psychological effects

Lecture A study showed no effect of color on appetite

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Supporting details

FLUENCY AND COHESION

“Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety

V CHECK FOR MAIN IDEAS

‘The second paragraph in the model essay supports the reading main idea by summarizing the main points of the reading, The third paragraph in the model essay supports the lecture main idea by summarizing the main points of the lecture

Color has psychological oh 2 | Ancient and modern

| im this Colors are used to create different moods Colors can affect blood pressure and heart rate,

A study showed no effect g ‘A fast-food chain

with orange walls and beige walls and found

no difference

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Thesis Statement

“Topics that support the thesis Main ideas

FLUENCY AND COHESION Transition words

Grammar and Spelling

‘Sentence variety

~ CHECK FOR SUPPORTING DETAILS

‘The paragraphs in the model essay have topic sentences and supporting details In

the body of the response, the topic sentences of the paragraphs match the topics

introduced in the first paragraph

Paragraph 2: Main idea

«« different ways people have used the psychological effects of color

Supporting decals ~ Ancient people used color for healing

— Modern designers use color to create mood

— Designers might use yellow to create a positive mood in an office

— They can use neutral colors to create a clean, clear, and focused mood in health

care centers

— Restaurants often use orange and red to stimulate the appetite

— Some scientists say that blue lowers the heart rate and blood pressure, while red

raises blood pressure

Paragraph 3: Main idea

study that showed no relationship between color and appetite

Supporting details

— A fast-food restaurant chain had orange walls in half its restaurants and beige walls

in the rest ofits restaurants

— It recorded all the food ordered for two years

— There was no difference between the restaurants with orange walls and the restau-

rants with beige walls

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Fluency and Cohesion

Revision Checklis

CONTENT

Thesis Statement

‘Topics chat support the thesis

Main ideas

‘Supporting details

Grammar and Spelling

Vv CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS

‘Transition words show how the ideas fit together The model essay includes appro-

priate transition words

Demonstrates Demonstrates difference

7 Clarifies a point

Revision Checklist

CONTENT

Thesis Statement

Topics that support the thesis

Main ideas

Supporting details

Transition words

v | Grammar and Spelling

V CHECK FOR GRAMMAR AND SPELLING There are no grammar or spelling errors in the model essay.

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Revision Checklist

CONTENT Thesis Statement

‘Topics that support the thesis

Main ideas

Supporting details

‘Transition words Grammar and Sj

V CHECK FOR SENTENCE VARIETY

The model essay uses a variety of sentence structures

‘Compound sentence ‘Ancient people used color for

healing, and modern designers use color to create mood

that color affects mood

‘Adjective clause The speaker describes a study

that showed no relationship between color and appetite

in both types of places

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Complete each essay by answering the questions that follow

Essay 1

‘The author explains why global warming is a serious problem

global warming in the northeastern United States

house gases, such as carbon dioxide, hold heat in the atmosphere and result in rising temperatures on Earth As average temperatures rise, there are a number of effects (3) , scientists predict that weather patterns will change In addition, snow and ice will mele and sea levels will rise This can lead to flooding, drought, and powerful storms It can also affect the economy, particularly

“The speaker explains the effects of global warming in the northeastern part of the United States This is a cold and snowy area

days with snow on the ground than there used to be ‘This has an effect on the economy because many people in this part of the world depend on the ski industry to make a living The predicted effects

of global warming that the author described are already coming true, at least in the northeastern United States

1 Choose the best way to complete the thesis statement

(A) In contrast (B) Asa result

(C) Likewise

2 Choose the best main idea for this paragraph

(A) The author explains that human activity, such as industry and cutting down forests, has resulted in an artificial increase in greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere, with serious results

(B) The author explains that itis difficult for scientists to come to agreement about whether or not global warming is actually occurring in the world today

(©) The author explains that some people believe that greenhouse gases are very harmful, while others are sure that global warming is not such a very serious problem

3 Choose the best transition word for this sentence

(A) Nevertheless

(B) First

(C) However

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4, Choose the missing supporting detail

(A) People will be better off economically, especially farmers

(B) Economists predict that global warming will lead to a drop in gross national

product and consumer consumption in countries around the world

(©) Warmer temperatures will result in people using transportation more

often as they will take more frequent vacations

5 Choose the missing supporting detail

(A) Since 1965, many people have moved to this part of the country

(B) Since 1965, there has been a decrease in employment in this area,

(©) Since 1965, temperatures in this region have risen

The reading passage talks about camouflage as a key survival

strategy used by many animals, (6) The author explains how camouflage helps animals survive

“There ae differen kinds of camouflage Some animals ae similar in

color to their surroundings Deer, (7)

have brown fur Some arctic animals change color with the seasons

They are brown in the summer and change to white in the winter

Striped zebras and fish with shiny scales are two examples of this

Some animals are mimics, taking on characteristics of another

object or animal in their environment The green anole, a type of

lizard, looks like a leaf The caterpillar of the hawk moth resembles

a snake, Camouflage is important to both predators and prey It

helps predators to be invisible to their victims, and it helps prey

animals to hide from the animals that hunt them

The speaker talks about how camouflage helps certain animals

hide in the arctic environment Many of them are brown in the

summet to match their summer environment and white in the

winter when snow covers the ground One example is the arctic fox

(9) —_

Ie is also a prey animal and needs to hide from its predators When

‘winter approaches, the fox sheds its brown fur and grows white fur

(10) animal that does this is the lemming,

Ienceds to be brown in the summer and white in the winter in order

to hide from its main predator — the arctic fox

(A) Additionally, the speaker discusses other survival tactics used by animals,

(B) Similarly, the speaker talks about the way that several arctic animals use

camouflage for survival,

(C) In contrast, the speaker explains how predators attack their prey.

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(A) Some herd animals have patterns on their fur that make it very easy to see them in any season of the year

(B) Some herd animals have patterns on their fur that make them very beau- tiful to look at

(©) Some herd animals have patterns on their fur that make it difficult for predators to pick out one animal from the group

(A) I looks very nice in the winter when it plays in the snow

(B) [eis a predator, so it needs to be invisible to its prey while it hunts (©) In the summer it eats berries and other fruits and vegetation

trast, the lecture reports evidence that girls and women do better in school than boys and men

‘The author describes research done by a psychologist who claims that men have higher intelligence than women The psychologist studied the results of intelligence tests taken by university students

Furthermore, more men than women qualify as geniuses The psychologist suggests that the reason for men’s higher intelligence is their larger brain size

first place, study after study has shown that girls outperform boys in elementary school (14) in high schools all around the country there are far more girls than boys in advanced-

170,000 more women than men earn college degrees The facts presented by the lecturer completely contradict the results of the study described in the reading passage

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1

12

13

14

15

Choose the best way to complete the thesis statement

(A) The reading passage describes a study which claims that men are more

intelligent than women

(B) The reading passage describes a study proving that girls are better students than boys

used in schools around the country

Choose the missing supporting detail

(A) Some researchers believe that IQ tests are not a valid measure of an indi-

vidual’ intelligence

(B) Some schools these days use intelligence tests to evaluate their students’ academic potential

than the IQs of the women

Choose the missing main idea

(A) The lecturer agrees that among school children, girls are generally smarter

than boys

(B) The lecturer has a contradictory viewpoint, discussing evidence that girls

are better students than boys

Choose the best transition word for this sentence

(A) In addition

(B) In contrast

Choose the missing supporting detail

(A) Finally, the same number of women as men attend college

(B) Finally, more than 60% of college students are women

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Essay 4

‘The reading passage describes the benefits of genetically modified foods The lecture, (16) discusses the disadvantages of these foods

‘The author explains what genetically modified foods are and describes the advantages they have for food production and health

cally modified to be resistant to disease As a result, they are easier to cultivate and farmers can grow larger crops Other crops are genetically modified to contain more vitamins and minerals Golden rice,

to contain more vitamin A Additionally, some genetically modified crops are used to develop new products Scientists are currently working on a banana, for example, that can be used to produce vac- ines against serious diseases

first place, some crops have been genetically modified to be resistant

to insects, bur their genes could actually be transferred to those insects Then the insects would be resistant to insecticides, and the crops would not be protected (20)

the effects of genetically modified foods on our health are not yet known, but there are serious possibilities Some examples are the development of allergies and of resistance to antibiotics Finally, many people are concerned that widespread use of genetically modified foods would allow a few large companies to dominate food production, According to the speaker, genetically modified foods may cause more problems than they solve

(A) on the other hand (B) therefore

(C) similady

(A) Genetically modified foods have a number of advantages and disadvantages (B) Genetically modified foods are available for sale in most grocery stores (©) Genetically modified foods come from crops that have had their genes altered by technology

(A) for instance

Tiêu đề	Writing Skills Integrated Task
Trường học	University of California, Berkeley
Chuyên ngành	Writing
Thể loại	Tài liệu
Thành phố	Berkeley

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Số trang	15
Dung lượng	1,13 MB