m GlObal warming on the surface of the ocean was greater than It was on the rest of the planet during the past century because of heat In the atmosphere.. 370 MORE MODEL TESTS serving I
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!aI Sea-level rise must be expressed as a tIOal of values that are under
constant reassessment [B] The 2001 IPCC forecast lor global mean sea·level
rise this century given regional variations, is from 0.11-0.88 m !Cl The median
value 01 0.48 m is two to lour limes the rate 01 previous increase These
increases would continue beyond 2100 even il greenhouse gas concentrations
are stabilized IDl
-+ The SGripps InsUlute of O<;eanography in La Jolla, California, has kepI
ocean temperature records since 1916 Significant temperature increases are
being recorded to dep,hs of more than 300 m as ocean temperature records
are set Even the warming of the ocean itself will contribute about 25% of sea·
level rise, simply because of thermal expansion 01 the water In addition, any
change in ocean temperature has a prolound effect on weather and ~ ~ ", ~ octI~
"""",",,,and soil moisture
-+ A quick survey 01 world coastlines shows thai even a moderate rise could
bring changes 01 unparalleled proportions At slake are the river deltas, lowland
coastal farming valleys, and low-lying mainland areas, all contending with high
water, high tides, and higher storm surges Particularty tragic social and
eco-fIOmic consequences will affect small island states- being able to adjust within
their present country boundaries, disruption of biological systems, loss of b
iodi-versity, reduction in water resources, among the impacts There could be both
internal and international migration of affected human populations, spread over
decades, as people move away from coastal flooding from the sea-level rise
1 The word confirm in the passage is closeSlln meaning to
<D clarify
<D prove
<P assume
<D predict
2 There is more new plant Iile in Antarctica recently because
<D the mountain glaciers have melted
<D the land masses have split into islands
([) the icebergs have broken into smaller pieces
(J1) the temperature has risen by a few degrees
3 II may be inferred from this passage that icebergs are formed
<D by a drop in ocean temperatures
<D when an Ice shelf breaks free
(J1) from Intensely cold islands
II) if mountain glaciers melt
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Trang 2MOOEl TEST 5IREADING SECTION 367
4 The WQfd ttle rB in the passage refers to
<0 new vegetation growth
5 In paragraph 4, the author explains the loss of polar and glacial ice by
CD staling an educated opinion
CD referring to data in a study
<0 comparing sea levels worldwide
<lD presenting his research
Paragraph 41s marked with an arrow 1-+1
6 The word conclusive in the passage is closest in meaning to
<I> definite
<0 unique
7 The word mDOflln the passage is closest In meaning to
CD function
CD scale
<lD lack
8 Why does the author menlion the Scripps Institute of Oceanography in paragraph 61
Paragraph 61s marked with an arrow I ]
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9 Which of the sentences belOw best expresses the Information in tile highlighted statement
in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information
CD GlObal warming on the surlace of the planet may have been retarded during the last
hundred years because heat in the atmosphere was absorbed by the oceans
m GlObal warming on the surface of the ocean was greater than It was on the rest of the
planet during the past century because of heat In the atmosphere
planet lor Ihe past hundred years in spite of the moderation caused by the oceans
<D There is less heat being absortled by the oceans now than there was a hundred years
ago before the atmosphere began to experience global warming
to According to paragraph 7, why will people move away from the coaslllnes In the future?
CD 1\ w ill be too warm for them to live there
m The coastlines will have too much vegetation
<D Flood i ng will destroy the coastal areas
GD No agricultural crops will be grown on the coasts
Paragraph 7 is marked with an arrow 1-+1
11 Which of the following statements most accurately rellects the author's opinion about
ris-ing sea levels?
<D Sea levels would rise without global warming
m Rising sea 1e~ls can be reversed
<D The results of rising sea levels will be serious
GD Sea levels are riSing because of new glaciers
12 LOOk at the four squares 1_]lhat show where the follOwing sentence could be inserted in
the passage
During the last century, sea level rose 10-20 em, a rate 10 times higher than the
average rate durh-.g the I.st 3000 y
Where could the sentence best be added?
Ctick on a square 1-) to Inse,rt the sentence in the passage
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Trang 4MOOEL TEST SlREAOING S£CTION 369
13 Directions: An inlroduction for a short summary of lhe passage appears below Complele the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices thai menlion the mosl important poinls In the passage Some sentences do nol belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage Of are minor points from the passage
Th i s qUfttlo" I worth 2 po l "ta
Global warming Is causing a rise In sea levels, with accompanying changes In coastal boundaries as well as social and economic ramillcations
•
•
•
Answer Choices
~ The Ice shelf called Larsen-A suddenly
disintegrated In 1995
IBl Thermal expansion due to the warming
of ocean water will cause about one
quarter of the rise in sea level
ICl Continental ice shelves and grounded
Ice sheets from Antarctica to the Polar
cap are melting into the oceans
PART II
" 1", 2 'YJrpIIlc Archlt.cbl, n
[D) Beginning In 1916, the Scripps InsliMe
01 Oceanography in California has docu-mented ocean temperatures
lEI The melting of glacial ice on high moun·
tain ranges will alfect regional water resources worldwide
lEI Scientists at NASA have concluded that the ice sheet in Greenland is melting at a rate of about I meter every year
One of the most striking persooaJities in the development of early·twentiet
h-century architecture was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) Wright attended the
University of Wisconsin in Madison before moving to Chicago where he even
-tually ;oined the firm headed by Louis Sullivan Wri9ht set out to create Marchi·
tecture of democracy." Early innuences were the volumetric shapes in a set of
educational blocks the German educator Friedrich Froebel designed, the
orga:nic unity of a Japanese building Wright saw at the Columbian Exposition In
Chicago in 1893, and a Jeffersonian belief in individualism and populism
Always a believer in architecture as "naturar and "'organic," Wright saw it as
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serving Iree individuals who have the right to move within a "Iree" space,
envisioned as a nonsymmetriC81 design interacting spatially with lIS natural
surroundings, He sought to develop an organic unity of planning, structure,
materials, and site Wright identified the principle of cootinuity as fundamen·
tal to understanding his view of organic unity: "Classic architecture was alllix8'
tion Now why not let walls, ceilings, lloors become seen as component
parts 01 each other? This ideal, profound in its architectural implications
t called continuity
.-Wrighl manifested his vigorous originality early, and by 1900 he had arrived
al a style entirely 1iii:.QWti In his wor1< during the first decade of the twentieth
century, his cross-axial plan and his labric of continuous rool planes and
screens defined a new domestic archilecture
-+ Wrighl fully expressed these elements and concepts in Robie House, built
between 1907 and 1909 Uke other buildings In the Chicago area he designed
at about the same lme, this was called a "prairie house." Wright ~ Jt he
long, sweeping ground-hugging lines, unconfined by abrupt wall l mits as
reaching out toward and capturing the expansiveness of the Midwest's great
lIatlands ~ng' all symmetry, the archilect eliminated a facade, extended
the roofs far beyond the walls, and all but concealed the entrance Wright filled
the "wandering" plan of the Robie House with intricately joined spaces (some
large and open, others closed), grouped freely around a great central lire place
!AI (He believed strongly in the hearth's age-old domestic significance.) Wright
designed enclosed patios, overhanging roofs, and strip windows to provide
unexpected light sources and glimpses of the outdoors as people move through
the interior space These elements, together with the open ground plan, create
a sense of space-in-motlon Inside and out [B] He set masses and voids in
equilibrium: Ihe flow 01 interior space determined the exlerior wall placement
[C] The exterior's sharp angular planes meet at apparently odd angles,
match-ing the complex play 01 interior solids, which function not as inert containing
surfaces but as elements equivalent In role to the deSign's spaces !Ill
The Robie House is a good example of Wrighl"S "naturalism: his ~jfig
of a buildiflg to its site However, in this particular case Ihe conlines 01 the city
lot constrained the building-to-site relationship more than did the sites of some
0 1 Wright's more expansive suburban and country homes The Kaufmann
House, nicknamed "Fallingwater" and designed as a weekend retreat al Bear
Run near Pittsburgh, is a JirirQe ' example 01 the latter Perched on a rocky h
ill-side over a small waterfall, this slruclure extends the Robie House's blocky
masses in all four directions The contrast in textures between concrele,
painted metal, and nalural stones in ils walls enliven its shapes, as does
Wright's use of full-Ienglh strip windows to create a stunning interweaving 01
interior and exterior space_
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Trang 6MODEL TE S T 5IREAOING SECTION 371
The Implied message 01 Wright's new architecture was space, not mass- a
space designed to lit the patron's lile and enclOsed and divided as required
Wright took special pains to meet his client's requirements, often designing all
the accessories 01 a hOuse In the late 1930$ he acted on a CheriShed dream to
provide good architectural design lor less prosperous people by adapllng the
ideas 01 his prairie house to plans lor smaller, less expensive dwellings The
publication of Wright's plans brought him a measure of lame In Europe
espe-cially In Holland and Germany The Issuance In Berlin In 1910 of a portfolio 01
his wort< and an exhibition 01 his designs the loIlOwlng year stimulated younger
architects to adopt some 01 his Ideas about open plans Some lorty years
before his career ended, his wort< was already 01 revolutionary significance
t 4 Frank lloyd Wright took inspiration lor his wort< Irom
CD the deslgns in classical architecture
CD Jefferson's home near Washington
<D educational blocks by Friedrich Froebel
~ a trip to Japan when he was a young man
15 What did Wright mean by the term ·organicT
CD Fixation
CD Ideal
<D Continuity
~ Classic
16 The phrase his own in the passage refers to
CD style
CD originality
'" "'
1 The word COnceived in the passage is closest In meaning to
CD utilized
CD noticed
<D created
~ examined
18 The word Abandoning in the passage Is Closest in meaning to
CD Inlluenclng
<D Modifying
<D Perfecting
~ Discontinuing
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19 It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that the author gives details for the design of the Robie House because
<E> the design included both indoor and outdoor plans
<D Robie House included many of Wright's original ideas
<D all 01100 accessories 01 the house were Included In the design
<D:> Wright lived in Roble House between 1907 and 1909
Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow 1 -+1
20 The word R!imil in the passage is Closest in meaning to
<I> most imjXIrtant
( 0 most common
<D:> most accepted
21 How was "Fallingwater" diHerent from the "Roble House"?
<I> "Fa1lingwater" was an eartler example of naturalism than "Roble House:
( 0 "Falingwater" was betler suited to the site with views through huge windows
(]t) "Fallingwater" was buitt with an open flOor plan, unlike "Roble House."
designs?
<E> To publish his plans in Europe
<D To give the middle class a good design
( 0 To help younger archllects with their work
<D:> To begin a revolution in architecture
Paragraph 5 Is marked with an arrow (-+J
23 According to paragraph 5, Wright's work became well knOwn in Europe because
<E> his plans were p!Jblished and he held exhibitions
<D he visited several universities and gave lectures
<D:> he was already very famous in the United Stales
Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow 1-+1
•
24 According to the passage, a prairie house has all of the following features EXCEPT
<D a central fireplace
<D enclosed patios
( 0 an inviting entrance
<D:> strip windows