A Ma i n Ide8 problem aSks you to identify tile topic of the lecture, thaI Is, what the lecture is mainly about.. Prev I ew The introductions lor the conversations and lecture contain i
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""'fII19: Mut
A Ma i n Ide8 problem aSks you to identify tile topic of the lecture, thaI Is, what the lecture is
mainly about
Choose lrom lour possible answers
Points-l
Frequency Level-High
5 What is the lecture mainly about?
_ An explanation 01 mimiay among species in the insect wOOd
<D A comparison 01 tile leatures 01 the viceroy and the monarch buttertly
<D A hypothesis to explain why similarity among species protects them all
<I> A response to questions about the specimens displayed in the cases
htJI'fII20: ".lIlJrR
An Organization problem asks you recognize the rhetorical structure 01 a lecture or part 01 a lecture For example, chronological order, steps in a sequence, cause and effect, comparison Choose from four possible answers
Points-l
Frequency Leval-Average
6 How does tile prolessor organize the lecture ?
_ He shows specimens to demonstrate his points
<J) He c:ompares the theories of two naturalists
<D He classifieS different typeS of mimics
<I> He puts tile ideas in chronological order
""fII21: Dmu
A Details problem asks you to answer a question about a specific point In the conversation ()( lecture
Choose two or three answers from four to six possibitities
PointS-l
Frequency Level-Average
7 Acc:ording to the lecture, what are some characteristics or a modef?
Click on 3 answer choices
A pair Of wings
• A loul odor
• A bad taste
~ A drab color
• A painful sting
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PRoIJu ll 22 : TEet QIIf
A Technique problem asks you 10 idenlify Ihe way Ihal a professor makes a polnl, for example,
by comparing, by providing a definition, by giving an example
Choose from four possible answers
Polnts-l
Frequency Level- Average
a How does the professor explain Bateslan mimicry?
<I> By giving a precise c\elinition
• By providing several examples
<0 By referring to lhe textbook
<D By conlrasting it with another hypothesis
PRo«EII23: YES-llo
A Yes-No problem asks you 10 decide whether statements agree or disagree with information
in the lecture
Mark a list f slatements in a chart as either Yes or No
Points- 1-2
Frequency Level-Average
9 In the lecture Ihe professor explains Fritz Muller's hypothesis Indicate Whether each 01
Ihe following supports the hypothesis
Click In the correct box for each choice
y" No
A Predators avoid species 01 Insects that have harmed them In the
"
past by stinging or biting them
B Predators may be killed when an entire colony of Insects joins forces
"
against them
e Predators leave harmless Insects alone If they are part of a group
"
Ihat includes stinging insects
D Predators will refrain from anacking harmless insects if they look like
"
insects that have stung them before
E Predators protect themselves from harmful insects by Slinging or
"
biting them belore they are attacked
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".,., 24: Q CIDiS
A Connections problem asks you to relate ideas or information in the lecture
Match answers with categories IIsllhe order 01 events or steps in a process, and show rela-tionships on a chart
Points-1-4
Frequency Level-Average
10 Indicate whether each in$9C1 below refers to a model or a mimic
Click in the correct box lor each phrase
A A viceroy butterlly
B A brown spider
C A hawk moth
0 A bumblebee
E A biting ani
LISTEJIIIIG STRATEGIES
In addition to the academic skills that you leamed in the previous chapter there are several
lis-lening strategies that will help you succeed on the TOEFl and alter the TOEFL
>- Get organized
Before you begin the Ustening section on the official TOEFL you win have an opportunity 10 adjust the volume on your headset Be sure to do it before you dismiss the directions and begin the test After the test has begun, you may not be able 10 adjust the VOlume When you practice using the model tests in this book, adjust the volume at the beginning Learn 10 gel it right without toudling t he VOlume butt on again during practice Then , prepa re to lis t en The
directions tend to be long and boring, especially il you have experience taking mocIeltests and
know whal to do Don' get distracted Be ready to heat the lirst word in the InlnXluction 10 the first listening passage
• Adjust the volume first
• Prepare 10 lislen
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Prev I ew
The introductions lor the conversations and lecture contain important information that will help
you prepare your mind to listen For example, the narrator may say, "Now get ready to listen to
part of a lecture in a history class." When you hear the introduction, you learn two usefullacts
First, you know that you will be listening to a lecture Second, you know that the lecture will be
abOut history This is helpful because il is a preview for the listening passage
,
• Pay attention to the introductions
• Glance althe photo
The photographs and other visuals are there to pn:wIde a ooote)(\ lor the conversations and 1ec-tures In general the pictures 01 people are lor orientation to the conversations and lectures, whereas the visuals 01 objects, art, specimens, maps, charts, and drawings support the meaning
of the conversations and lectures Do not focus on the pictures of people Do focus on the other visuals thai appear during the oonversations and lectures They coukl reappear In a question When you take the model tests, practice selective attention look briefty at the pictures 01 the pro-lessor and the students but be a/erI to the other visuals II you become too involved in looking at the people, you may pay less attention to the audio, and you could miss part 01 the passage
• Glance at the photos 01 people
• Focus on content visuals
Read screen text
During the questions lor conversations and lectures, watch the screen carelully You will hear
the questions, and you will also see them as teld on the screen If you lind that it is to your advantage to close your eyes or lOok away lrom the phOIO during the short conversalions, be
sure to give your full attention to the screen again while the questions are being asked and the
answer choices are presented By using the model tests, you will be able to develop a rhythm lor interacting with the screen that Is best for you
• Read the questions
Understand campus cont e xt
The conversations and lectures take place In a campus oonteld A glossary at the end 01 this book contains a listing of campus vocabulary These words and phrases will help you under· stand the conversations between campus personnel, professors, and students Pragmatic
understanding will help you understand the function of a sentence A few examples of lunction
are an apology, an explanation or a way to get the listener's attention or to change the topic
Pragmatic understanding will also help you interpret the speaker's al1itude and the nature of
the inlormalion-a lact or an opinion Studying the glossary is an important strategy for the Us· tenlng section Start now
• Study pragmatic cues lor lectures
M fli chr, ~y,' k prAY\!
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, Concentrate
Sometimes the environment lor the TOEFl is not ideal If the room is small, you may hear a very low hum from another headset or the scratch of pencils on paper when others afe taking notes These sounds can be distracting, especially during the Ustenlng section The ear-phones on your headset should sUPPfess most of the noise, but it will be helpful if you have some strategies to help you concentrate Some students press their earphones more tightly to their ears by holding them with their hands during long listening passages, but this may be clumsy lor you when you reach for the mouse to answer questions Other students train them -selves to concentrate in a somewhat distracting environment by taking at least one model test
In a small room where other people are studying, such as a library or a study lounge In a dor -mitory Remember, you may not be able to controt the test environment, but you can cootrol your response to it By keeping your eyes on the screen and the scratch paper and by r
emain-ing calm, you will be able to concentrate better If the test situation is noisy, don't get angry and
start negative talk In your mind Don't let your emotions interfere with your concentration
• Focus on the lest materials
• Stay calm
APPLYlI& THE ACADEMIC SKILlS TU THE TUEFL
>- Taking lotes
Taking notes is probably the most important academic skill for the Listening section When you take notes, you will organize the information into major points and minor points You will also
record information that you can refer to when you answer questions Your ability to take notes will be critical for you to score weH on this section
>- Paraphrasing
Many of the answer choices are paraphrases of inlormation from the passage Your ability to
recognize paraphrases will be helpful as you choose your answers
>- S 'lzfng
The first question in each cooversatlon usually requires you 10 understand the purpose 01 the conversation, and the lirst question In each lecture usually requires you to recognize a sum· mary 01 the main idea By mastering the academic skill of summarizing, you will be able to
respond correctly to the first question In each prompt You will also be better prepared to relale Ideas and make connections
>- Syntheslzfng
This important skill is tested in other sections 01 the TOEFl e iBT
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QUIZ FOR TIlE lISTENING SECnON
This is a quiz for the Ustening section of the NeKt Generation TOEFL (iBT) This section tests
your ability to undersland campus conversations and academic lectures During the quiz, you
lislen to one conversation and one lecture You will hear each conversation or lecture one lime and respond to queslions about them You may lake notes while you listen You may use your notes to answer the questions
Questions 1-4, Conver$8llon, CD 4 , Track 6 Usten to a conversation on campus between a professor and a student
1 Why does the man go to see his professor?
<D To borrow a reference book that he needs
<D To ask a question about the material
c:o To get advice about stooying for a test
<D To plck up some handouts from tOa class
2 Why does the sludent say this: ( )
<D To challenge the professor's idea
<D To encourage the professor to explain
c:o To Iry to chanoa the subject
<D To interrupt the professor respectfully
3 How should Jack prepare for the test?
<D He should memorize the material in the book
<D He should study the questions before the lest
c:o He should organize his notes by topic
GD He should nol change his usual study plan
4 Why does the professor giva open·book tests?
CD Because she believes it helps students with memorization
<D Because her lests contain a large number of smalliacts
c:o Because her stooents are more successful with the course
(Jp 80cause she thinks il provides e better learning experience
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economics class
5 Whalls the lecture mainly aboul?
(!) Changes In economic syslems
<I> Tax incentives for business
<I> Supply-side economics
(U) A favorable balance of trade
6 How does the professor organize 100 lecture?
(!) By contrasling several economic systems
<I> By taking a historical perspective
<I> By arguing against Friedman and Asmus
(U) By pointing out the benefits 01 Reaganomics
7 According to the lecturer, what did Kennedy and Reagan have in common?
<I> They cut taxes to spor the economy during their administrations
(U) They both taught al the Chicago School of Economics
8 What would Millon Freidman most likely say about moving a manulacturing plant from the United States to a site abroad?
<I> He would view It as a natural process in the shift to technology
(U) He would be concerned about the decrease in productivity
9 According 10 Barry Asmus, what are two key ways that consumers contribute to the cre-ation of new jobs?
Click on 2 answer choices
L!l By Investing their tax savings
rm By purchasing cheaper goods
ICl By moving on to better paying jobs
101 By spending more money
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