Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most Important points in the passage.. • • • Answer Choices [AI The accuracy 01 weather prediction will im
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14 According to the passage, it will be diffIcult to predict weather
<D unless we learn more about chaotic systems
CD because we don't have enough weather stations
<t:> without more powerful computers
<D unU1 we understand the physical laws 0 1 atoms
15 The word assumed in the passage is closest in meaning to
CD agreed
CD supposed
CD revealed
<D expressed
16 The word fundamentallY in the passage is closest In meaning to
CD typically
CD historically
CO presently
<D basically
17 Why does the author mention a car In paragraph 27
CD The car Is an example 01 how conditions are used to make predIctions
CD The author digresses in order to tell a story about a car
<t:> The car Introduces the concept of computer models
<D The mathematical equations lor the car are very simple to understand
Paragraph 21s marXed with an arrow (-t)
18 Why do the predictions disagree for the computer model described in paragraph 4?
CD The condItions at the beginning were very different
CD The model was not accurately programmed
CD Computer models cannot predict weather
<D Over time modets are less reliable
Paragraph 4 is marXed with an arrow [ )
t9 Why is weather considered a chaotic system?
CD Because iI is made up 01 random leatures
CD Because ills not yet very well understood
CD Because ills described by nonlinear equations
$ Because it does not have an orderly structure
Trang 2MOOEL TEST 4IREAOING SECTION 32S
a> Slight variatiorls in initial conditions can cause very different results
a> A butterfly flaps its wings In one location, which automatically produces a result in another place
21 The phrase in which In the passage refers to
CD> linear equations
(!) To contrast a simple system with a chaotic system
CD To compare nontlnear equations with linear equations
a> To prove that all nonlinear systems are not chaotic
Paragraph 6 is marked with an arrow (-+1
Cl> problems
CD> benefits
(!) will never allow us to make accurate predictions
25 Look at the lour squares r_ ]lhat show where the following sentence could be inserted in
the passage
For nelrt week's weather, the new model may yield a slightly dlffentnl prediction
'" ,'"
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26 Directions: An intr~uction for a short summary of the passage appears below Complete
the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most Important points in the passage Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they
express Ideas that are not Included In the passage or are minor points Irom the passage
This question Is worth 2 points
Because weather Is a chaotic system, It Is very difficult to pl'$dlct
•
•
•
Answer Choices [AI The accuracy 01 weather prediction will
improve as we make progress in the
appllcatloo 01 computers to equations
[BJ It is very easy to make predictions about
the location 01 a car when you know
where it is and how last Ills QQlng
!DI Because weather is chaotic but not ran· dom, it may be described by nonlinear equatioos that provide lor sensitive Inter·
acHons
[CJ A slight variation in Initial conditions will
cause a very different prediction for
weather over the long term
lEI The economic system demonstrates chaotic behavior, and it must be repre-sented by a nonlinear equation
[E) Weather is predictable only within a time frame of a few weeks because of the nature 01 scientific prediction
Helldlll,3 "BllJldlllf wItIJ ArchtJs"
Round Arch and Vault
-+ Although the round arch was used by the ancient peoples 01 Mesopotamia
several centuries before our common era, it was most fully developed by the
Romans, who perlectacl the form in the 2nd century e.C.E The arch has many
virtues In addition to being an attractive form, it enables the architect to open
up lairly large spaces in a wall without risking the building'S structural
sound-ness These spaces admit light, reduce the weight of the walls, and decrease
the amount 01 material needed As utilized by the Romans, the arch Is a perlect
semicircle, although it may seem elongated if it rests 00 columns It Is con·
structed from wedge·shaped pieces of stone that meet at an angle always per·
pendicular 10 the curve of the arch Because of tensions and compressions
top-most stone the keystone has been set In place For this reason an arch under
conslruction must be supported from below, usually by a wooden framework
Ma1e ehrancnv a ' rro pravv
Trang 4MODEL TEST 4IREAOINQ S ECTION 3.27
-+ Among the most elegant and enduring 01 Roman structures based on the
system 01 public-works projects , not just i n Italy but in the ou tly ing areas as
trans-porl water, and its lower level served as a footbridge across the river That it
cyclists on the route of the famous Tour de France bicycle race) testifies to the
Romans' brilliant engineering skills Visually, the Pont du Gard exemplifieS the
best qualities of arCh construction Solid and heavy, obviouSly durable, it is shot
-bilities effortless
placed nush one behind the other-the result is called a barre l yault This vault
made great use of the barrel vault, but for its finest expression we look many
-+ The church of Sainte-Foy, in the French cily 01 Conques, is an example of
the QaXjl of Sainte-Foy
Pointed Arch and Vault
,
soaring, majestic space we see in
draw-backs For one thing, a round arch to be stable, must be a semicircle;
therefore, the height 01 the arCh is limited by its width Two other diffICUlties
were weight and darkness Barrel vaults are both literally and visually heavy,
calling for huge masses 01 stone to maintain 1tiiil structural stability Also, the
around them, for fear the arches and vaults would collapse, and so the Interiors
of Romanesque buildings tend to be dark The Gothic period in Europe which
The pointed arch, while seemingly not very dilterenllrom the round one,
olters many advantages !Ell Because the sides arc up to a point, weight is
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a barrel vault !CJ ArChitec1S 0 1 the Gothic period found they did not need heavy
masses 01 material throughout the curve 0 1 the vault, as long as the major
points ol lnlersection were relnforcsd !DI
Glossary
nave: the long central area in a church with aisles on each side
27 Why does the author mention U1e keystone in paragraph I?
<D To explain the engineering 01 an arch
a:> To provide historical background on arches
CO To point out one of the virtues of arches
CD) To suggest an alternative to the arch
Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow 1-+1
26 The word inberenl in the passage Is closest In meaning to
<D uncertain
a:> unsatisfactory
CO expansive
G) essential
29 The Pont du Gard mentioned in paragraph 2 has all 01 the following characteristics EXCEPT
<D It was an aqueduct
a:> It is s ll being used
CO It was built 2000 years 8g0
CD) It was repaired recently
Paragraph 2 Is marked with an arrow I -+ J
30 According to paragraph 3, what is the advantage 0 1 a barrel vault?
c;p It was used in UIS Middle Ages
a:> Many arches were joined
CO The space was larger
<J) It was a typical Roman look
Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [-+]
31 The word virtually in the passage is closest in meaning to
c;p obviously
a:> accurately
CO routinely
G) practically
Trang 6MODEL TEST 4IREAOING SEcnON 32i
32 What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about Romanesque architecture?
<D Wood beams characterized the buildings
<D The structures were smaller than those of Roman style
aD The architecture was popular during the Roman occupation
33 Which of the sentences be f ow best expresses the Information in the highlighted statement
([) Architects wanted to build higher ceilings In churches , but they were limited because
of the fire hazard caused by wooden beams in the roofs
<D Tho majority of tho churchos prior to th i s t i mo woro constructed with woodon foofs thaI caused a considerable fire hazard because of their height
<D The wood beams In the roofs of most churches befo r e this period were a concern
because of fire and the constrainl5 !hey imposed on the height of the ceiling
<lP The l imitations on the architecture of the churches were a result of the construction materials al'ld the limited vis i on 01 the archltects
34 The word achiBvB in the passage is closest in meaning to
CD accomplish
<D decorate
(It) finance
35 Gothic architects eKtended the height 01 their arches by
CD designing pointed arches
<D including a nave
aD adding windows
36 The word lhI'I.k in the passage refers to
CD builders
CD stone
aD vaults
([) It was a characteristic of construction with pointed arches
<D It was 100 difflCtJlt to make windows in Ihe heavy materials
<D Openings for light could have compromised the structure
<lP Rein forcements covered the areas where Ughl could shine in
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the passage
the right Select the appropriate answer choices and drag them to the type of architecture
to which they relate TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used This quttar/on Is
worth 4 points
To delete an answer choice, click on it To see the passage click on View Text
Answer Choices
I!l Allowed architects to
create a taller arch
IS! Used in fortresses so that
the soldiers could see out
style of architecture
~ Similar to arches constructed
in the ancient world
IE! Popular in many structures 01
the Gothic period
materials for construction
!GJ Prevalent in churches during
the Middle Ages
!8J Associated with structures
that inClude barrel vaults
rn Permitted openings In or
around them lor light
Round Arch
•
•
•
• Pointed Arch
•
•
•
M fir chr, ~y,' k prAY\!