English grammar 1000 steps

C REASON: ...than ‘Huckleberry Finn.” is elliptical—the complete clause would read than I like “Huckleberry Finn.” It is clear that, in the complete clause, Huckleberry Finn is the direc

Trang 1

A “NEW” GRAMMAR

PROGRAMMED LEARNING METHOD

EDWARD C GRUBER, M.S Ed

Trang 2

ROPER OF

RRARY

ques®

Trang 5

SHglisia

Orammiamalr

JOO” Sieps

by EDWARD C GRUBER, M.S Ed

Consultants

WILLIAM JASSEY, Ed.D

Columbia University and

KAY HAMPARES, Ph.D

Columbia University

219 Park Avenue South arCO New York, NvyY 10003

Trang 6

Paperbound edition ISBN 0-668-02011-3

Clothbound edition ISBN 0-668-02012-1

Printed in the United States of America

Trang 7

CONTENTS

PART ONE

PROGRAMMED GRAMMAR QUESTIONS

STRAIGHT GRAMMAR

PartseOi (cect (Mramles lt 10730) gn caate es teeta eee eee

oP hraseswand Clausesr (faites 37 fOG8)s arvana, kee ee

eocntences and- Their Parts: (Frames69 jo 117) oo.4 6s oo:

(SASESe (LV ONICS UO) NOR a 7) Mees OM Be 8, es els he, seca

Agreement, Tense, and Mood: (Frames 228 to 248) Modihersvand Connectives: (Frames 24976 300) 20% 2 6s

UsING YOUR GRAMMAR SKILL IN SENTENCES

Scntencewpenseatt TAME’: OU tome O)) aa a asa eee ee oe ee Nouns, Pronouns, and Their Cases: (Frames 319 to 416)

xereemient ond weterence: (names 41 7101049) we ieee oe

Tensesol Veroscand y erbalss (frames S010 O12) 22.222 oe

NLOOd.canGs VOICE (PF ranies O15: 100491) oA) ave sen ee PLOCINCKS nF GMes: OF 210-7 07) va ausenlnn es Ae ene acdc ie cies Connectives + (Brames OS 101842 ae crete s+ cinco oe Le

PPUNCUUALI ON (hTOMESO 4 OOO YD) ery usta se Aaceclene Go ser nee

(Correct Wace n (hrames U0 1000) i.e a jae aa ieee eee

PART TWO

GRAMMAR RULES

Chaptemle Sentence: Sense (Second 10 2) x tag shoes oo Oe eee ee Chapter 2: Nouns, Pronouns, and Their Cases (Section 8 to 14) Chapten >, Agreement-and KReterente( Section tl) to 19) a a02 stew Ove x Chaptewa:slense-of Verbs,and Verbals (Section 20°10: 25) 2s inns es Chaptemoe Mood and-V oice (Section 200 SG) ta cai wa nana 2 ae ei

Chaplemo Moderns (SeCHONS7 1047) is ais is 6 ane win Ajo vn de Shoe ee

Giiaplom ie (Conticclives:( SECON 4OAO OG) Ns wan oh alae be = ER Lae A Chapteme a: Unculanon (Secon 094070) inna ee owe Hee ewe ene ee

Marcle ADT att Aa ESL ONY chee nh a ek Sao eae ch ead Sox oh actres home Re aS ems

Trang 8

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2022 with funding from

Kahle/Austin Foundation

https://archive.org/details/englishgrammar100000grub

Trang 9

ENGLISH GRAMMAR - 1000 STEPS

PART ONE

How ‘lo Use

this Part Of ‘Ihe Book

Trang 11

HOW TO USE THE PROGRAMMED PART

OF THIS BOOK

STEP 1: First work with the odd pages only — page 1,3,5 199

STEP 2: Let us illustrate the method —turn to page 5 What do you see?

a 5 horizontal frames, alternately gray and white

b Each frame has a large box (on the right) and a small box (on the left)

c The large box has the QUESTION The small box has the ANSWER

TO THE PREVIOUS QUESTION

STEP 3: Now look at the top frame on the same page 5 This is what you see:

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS FRAME: FRAME 3

2 B REASON: Well is a noun in this case Have you seen him since last night?

since it is the direct object of the verb used

(la, 4) (A) adverb

(B) conjunction (C) adjective (D) pronoun

TURN TO PAGE 7, TOP FRAME #4

Trang 12

vill / English Grammar

STEP 4: Now turn to the next odd page — page 7 Look at the top frame You will find the correct answer

to the Frame 3 question—also the reason for the correct answer —in the Answer box (left side

of the page)

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS FRAME

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS FRAME:

3 D REASON: The personal pronoun

NEW QUESTION

FRAME 4

Obstinacy is the strength of the weak

(A) noun (B) pronoun (C) conjunction

(D) verb

You may be wondering what the parenthetical number (1b) in the Answer box refers to This

is the key to the grammatical principle involved in this particular answer Turn to Part Two of this book—Grammar Rules—and under (1b), the grammar rule for the answer to Question 3

is clearly explained

STEP 5: Now answer the frame 4 question Circle your choice

STEP 6: You will always find the correct answer together with the reason for this correct answer, simply

by turning the page

THE APPROACH IS SCIENTIFIC

This is a structured book The material has been

carefully organized so that one grammatical con-

cept (consisting of a group of steps, called frames)

leads logically to another concept This second

concept, in turn, ties up with a third concept — and

so, right on through the book, much like the steps

on a ladder

In Part One (the programmed part of the book),

we have two subdivisions:

Straight Grammar (Frames 1-300)

and

Using Your Grammar Skills in

Sentences (Frames 301-1000)

Each of these two subdivisions begins with a treat-

ment of Parts of Speech, a starting point.in gram-

Part Two of the book, Grammar Rules, also

opens up with Parts of Speech In other words, the frames (Part One) ‘“‘build up” in the same logical

order that the Grammar Rules (Part Two) “‘build up.” In fact, the divisions of frames 301-1000 (see

below) parallel exactly the chapters of Grammar Rules:

SENTENCE SENSE NOUNS, PRONOUNS, AND THEIR CASES AGREEMENT AND REFERENCE

TENSE OF VERBS AND VERBALS MOOD AND VOICE

MODIFIERS CONNECTIVES PUNCTUATION

This highly scientific arrangement, described

above, should help the student considerably in

Trang 13

WHOM [NOT WHO] IS THIS BOOK FOR?*

Many students are weak in grammar —unfor-

tunately, they cannot get much help in the English

classroom because a comprehensive course in

grammar is seldom taught, either in high school or

in college The extent of grammar instruction in

our schools is so limited that it is confined, for

the most part, to the English teacher’s pointing out

grammatical errors made in the student’s composi-

tions English Grammar: 1000 Steps was written

to provide a_ self-teaching ‘‘nothing-left-out”’

grammar course Although the book is aimed at

high school students and college freshmen, it will

prove useful to all adults who are eager to improve

their English

We speak and write in sentences, for the most

part This book gives-you the basic grammatical

principles necessary to build effective sentences

Knowing these principles, you will become a much

better speaker and writer

HOW THE QUESTIONS

HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED

Several recent research studies have been con-

sulted in order to determine which grammatical

concepts should be stressed in the one thousand

questions of this book Just about every grammati-

cal principle is covered herein, but the real “‘trou-

blemakers”’ get special treatment That is, there

are many more questions involving the more trou-

blesome grammatical usages The latter include

the following concepts: who/whom; nominative

absolute, retained object, phrases and clauses;

cases, verb tense; principal parts; number and

person; subordination; misplaced modifiers; and

verbals

TRADITIONAL vs MODERN GRAMMAR

Teachers are well aware of the controversy that

has been going on during the last decade among

grammarians in regard to how grammar is to be

taught The point of view in this book represents a

workable and wholesome compromise between the

conventional grammar of the traditionalists and the

new grammar of the structural linguists and trans-

formationalists For example, in the treatment of

the highly inflected pronouns in such expressions

as It is I, It is we, [tis he—the formal grammarian

interprets these constructions as follows: the bold-

*You certainly may end a sentence with a preposition (see rule on preposition

placement, page 266)

English Grammar / ix

faced pronouns, being predicate pronouns, neces- sarily take a nominative case (/, we, he) The author, however, also allows, in appreciation of the “new grammar” rationale, /t is me—but he has his reservations about the acceptability of /t is us and /t is him

There are many situations such as the pronoun case which we have described above, in which English Grammar: 1000 Steps has made carefully reasoned-out decisions as to whether to go by the rule book or by popular usage

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IMPORTANT

IN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

A “beef” often heard from foreign language teachers (particularly on the high school level) is that they have the added burden of teaching En- glish grammar in their language classes Many students, they say, are woefully weak in English grammar—consequently, learning the foreign language is especially difficult for these students These foreign language teachers do have a justi- fiable complaint, for English grammar is much like the grammar of the Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian) because the grammars of all of these languages have many points in common One can understand, then, that English grammar is essential for a mastery of these modern foreign languages Moreover, since English is a Germanic language, it is obvious that, to learn German, one must know English grammar Conclusion: a solid background in English grammar will likely insure success in foreign language study

BIRDS DO NOT SING IN THIS BOOK The author of this book is sick and tired of the silly and immature sentence examples of many of the ‘‘New Grammar” textbooks After one merely glances through some of these current grammars,

he is thoroughly convinced that Birds sing This conclusion is further reinforced by variants such

as These birds sing Birds sing sweetly The birds are singing It is almost with relief that one comes across this change: Canaries sing

We are happy to report that English Grammar:

1000 Steps does not bore and insult the user with

such childish exercises We have little or nothing

to do with birds singing, ducks quacking, and dogs barking Our sentences consist of clear, vivid, and natural prose in order to illustrate grammatical

structures In short, English Grammar: 1000

Steps is for the person who wants realistic and interesting specimens to work with

Trang 14

x / English Grammar

THE BEST WAY TO LEARN GRAMMAR*

Learn grammar by the felt-need method Don’t learn the rules first—the rules come later Let us illustrate:

The following “frame” appears on page 121 You are to select the incorrect sentence in Question 461

FRAME 461 (Find the incorrect sentence.)

(A) Neither Dr Conant nor his followers knows what to do

about the problem

(B) Unbeaten thus far this year, the team won its seventh

(C) Must you lay the blame on the children?

(D) From the evidence, it is impossible to infer that he is

460 D Everyone of the salesmen must

supply his own car REASON: If a noun (or

pronoun) is singular, the indefinite pronoun

which refers to that noun must be singular

His refers to the singular everyone That is

the reason their would be incorrect (16d)

Let us assume that you do not know which sentence is incorrect You have a felt need to find out which sentence is wrong —and why

You then turn to page 123 for the correct answer and the reason for this answer Here is the correct answer and the reason:

461 A Neither Dr Conant nor his followers know what to do about the problem REASON: In neither-nor conditions, the verb (know) agrees in number with the noun (followers) after nor (16d)

Now let us assume that you want to learn the rule for the grammatical principle involved in this sentence Turn to Index to Grammar Rules (at the end of the book) where, under neither nor, you will quickly find the rule which we are concerned with:

16g Subjects joined by or or nor When one singular and one plural subject are joined by or or nor, the subject closer

to the verb determines the number of the verb

Each question in the book has (on the page that follows) an explanatory answer —and each explanatory answer is keyed to a grammatical principle You can locate that principle easily and quickly by referring to Grammar Rules

The foregoing is the procedure used in this book for mastering grammar rapidly — wait till you have a felt need for learning a grammatical principle —then learn it Don’t fill your poor head first with rules — rules —rules

It is clear, then, that this book is carefully designed to teach you grammar by a practical, inductive method You have in this text a thousand scientifically constructed questions for practice, so that you can discover, as quickly as possible, your grammar weaknesses Then you can go on, with planned guidance,

to eliminate those weaknesses — and have fun while you’re doing so

Trang 15

ENGLISH GRAMMAR - 1000 STEPS

PART TWO

1000 Programmed Steps

Trang 17

100 C REASON: .than ‘Huckleberry

Finn.” is elliptical—the complete clause

would read than I like “Huckleberry Finn.”

It is clear that, in the complete clause,

Huckleberry Finn is the direct object of the

200 D REASON: Spokesman is a noun

used as an objective complement to com-

plete the meaning of the direct object John

(13g)

300 D REASON: Correlative conjunc-

tions work in pairs to show that words and

ideas are parallel (56c)

400 A I’ll never agree to John’s chang-

ing his job REASON: The gerund changing

is modified by the possessive noun John’s

(14h)

FRAME |

Straight Grammar

Frames 2 to 300 consist of ““warm-up” grammar questions

In each sentence, a word or expression is in boldface type Choose the correct grammatical description for that boldface word or expression

Using Grammar Skill in Sentences

Now that you have had plenty of practice in “straight grammar,” how well can you use your grammar know-how in speaking and writing? Test yourself in Frames 302-1000 In each frame are four sentences One of the four sentences contains some type of grammar error FIND THE INCOR-

RECT SENTENCE

SENTENCE SENSE (Frames 302-318)

FRAME 401 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Who did we give the order to?

(B) At 37, Mickey Mantle decided to retire from baseball (C) A new age began when man first stepped onto the moon

on July 20, 1969

(D) Student unrest is almost as old as the university system itself

page |

Trang 18

500 B Her brother never has been and

never will be dependable REASON: The in-

clusion of the entire verb is necessary (17b)

600 B The new waitress laid the fork

to the right of the plate REASON: The past

700 C The rhinoceros has a hide almost

as tough as that of an alligator REASON: The

original sentence omitted a necessary refer-

— 800 B I bought this set from the dealer

REASON: One doesn’t buy something off of

(A) Gertrude Atherton writes to say that she thinks Frank Harris is a “‘spy and a rotter generally”» whom she hopes will be shot

(B) In ethical matters, one is reluctant to think of them-

selves as merely a creature of habit

(C) She writes so well that, were it not for the tyranny of space, there would be no end of quoting

(D) An annoying accumulation of grammatical misuses mars the texture of his prose

FRAME 601 (Find the incorrect sentence.) :

(A) He hoped that the members of the class did their home- _

(B) “Peace on earth’—how often through the centuries

(C) Even when a little girl, she would go to the library every

(B) Of all flowers, roses smell most sweetly

(C) He went only a brief distance

(D) The American bison is a relative of the Asiatic Buffalo

FRAME 801 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) A kite must have a tail in order to fly

(B) He placed the books upon the desk

(C) Helen had a habit for postponing her homework

(D) He had an amused look on his face

(A) The dairy business was incidental to the regular grocery business

(B) Speak to whom you see first

(C) Our vacation has come to an end, I am sorry to Say

(D) The reason he retired is because he was old

Trang 19

201 B REASON: Unaware is an adjec-

tive used as an objective complement to

complete the meaning of the direct object

401 A Whom did we give the order to?

REASON: The indirect object of the verb (did

give) is in the objective case (whom)

Trang 20

501 B In ethical matters, one is reluc-

tant to think of himself as merely a creature

of habit REASON: Since one is singular, the

pronoun referring to it must be singular (him-

601 A He hoped that the members of

the class had done their homework in prep-

aration for the test REASON: When there

are two past actions, one of which occurs

before the other, the action occurring first

is expressed by a past perfect tense (had

701 B Of all flowers, roses smell sweet-

est REASON: The copulative verb (smell) is

followed by the predicate adjective — not the

801 C Helen had a habit of postponing

her homework REASON: the idiom is habit

901 D The reason he retired is that he

was Old REASON: We Say the reason is that —

not the reason is because (71)

(A) Never permit yourself to become so impersonal in your relationships that you lose your ability to get along with others

(B) Please take this package to the person in room 304

(C) Each of us has the task of arranging their own desks for quick and efficient work

(D) I sent the pencils, paper, and books to the managers’ offices

FRAME 602 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Truthfully, now isn’t this the house you have been look-

ing for?

(B) When a hydrogen bomb is detonated and you see the ©

familiar mushroom cloud form in what was once a calm, blue sky

(C) Since you have already read this book, please substitute another of the same type for the current book report

(D) All freshmen must study mathematics, science, English, history, and French or Latin

FRAME 702 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) He felt badly when he heard of his friend’s failure

(B) Both heredity and environment are regarded as factors influencing the behavior of children

(C) His changeable attitude infuriates his colleagues

(D) He had an unreasonable fear of his father

FRAME 802 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Commissioner Simpson’s speech consisted in many re-

marks that were offensive

(B) The new foreman tried to effect some changes in the

established routines

(C) No one, not even the agents of the F.B.1., knows hov

many Mafia members are in the United States

(D) His antagonist accused him of willfully concealing evidence

(A) The amount of G.I returns is steadily increasing

(B) Much information on the subject is available

(C) They collected many details about the matter

(D) Many persons are guilty of traffic violations

Trang 21

2.B REASON: Well is a noun in this case

since it is the direct object of the verb used

(la, 4)

102 A REASON: In the sentence given,

there is an ellipsis of to in the infinitive to

hit Incidentally, car is the subject of the in-

4

202 D REASON: Yards is an adverbial

objective (also called adverbial accusative)

because it is a noun used as an adverb of de-

gree to modify the verbal noun (gerund)

302 B The young recruits deserted

their old haunts as quickly as possible REA-

SON: An adverb (quickly) — not an adjective

(quick) — modifies the verb (deserted) (le)

402 A John, whose mother is a teacher,

is not as good a student as many other friends

I have with no academic backgrounds in

their families REASON: The relative pronoun

(whose) must be used here The expression

who’s means who is (14a)

FRAME 3

Have you seen him since last night?

(A) adverb (B) conjunction (C) adjective

(D) pronoun

FRAME 103

He was awarded the place I lost

(A) object of was awarded (B) retained object } (C) adverbial clause modifying awarded (D) indirect object

FRAME 303 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Though he said they were all generous contributors, the tone in his voice implied they were not

(B) The sleeper could not have lain in bed much longer than

(C) If possible, I should like to sit in front of the very tall couple

(D) Punish whomever disobeys our commands

page 5

Trang 22

502 C Each of us has the task of ar-

ranging his own desk for quick and efficient

work REASON: Since each is singular, the

pronoun-adjective standing for each must be

602 B When a hydrogen bomb is deto-

- nated, you see the familiar mushroom cloud

form in what was once a calm, blue sky REA-

SON: The use of and is redundant and makes

the sentence not only awkward but incom-

702 A He felt bad when he heard of his

friend’s failure REASON: After the copula-

tive verb felt, we have a predicate adjective

(bad) — not an adverb (badly) (40d)

802 A | Commissioner Simpson’s speech

consisted of many remarks that were offen-

Sive REASON: In detailing the contents of

mething, we say consisted of «.—s—“‘éé SY

902 A The number of G.I returns is

steadily increasing REASON: amount is used

for bulk—number is used for countable

FRAME 503 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Fred is preparing for engineering, a profession I esteem highly

(B) Owing to my youth, I was seldom allowed out at night (C) If anyone wants a good laugh, let them read a few pages

of Benchley or Thurber

(D) The house contains a bathroom, two bedrooms, a dining

room, and a living room

FRAME 603 (Find the incorrect sentence.) : (A) The manager told me he would have my car ready | for me

as soon as he can get the service department on the eae

phone

(B) I come from a state that raises corn and cotton and cae: kleburs and democrats, and frothy eloquence neither

convinces nor satisfies me

(C) It recedes as fast on one side as it gains on the other

(D) He acquired a sound knowledge of Latin, French and

Italian

FRAME 703 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) The tallest of the twins accompanied the detective during the search for the missing jewels

(B) What he has told us represents, to my way of thinking, the absolute truth

(C) A medical report on the tragedy was issued by the hospi- tal

(D) Who was there on the night of the meeting?

(A) However difficult the assignment may be, he will com- —

plete it satisfactorily :

©) By next month, the organization: will have wo

(C) He should have read either a great deal more or a \ great

deal less

(D) His mother forbade him from piavine football un Ns

marks improved

(A) The stone made a very angry bruise on his forearm

(B) Put the book in this drawer

(C) Inall likelihood, we shall be unable to go to the fair

(D) He would have liked to go to the theatre with us

Trang 23

3 D REASON: The personal pronoun

him stands for a noun (1b)

103 B REASON: A retained object is an

object that was originally an object after an

active verb That same object (the place I

lost) is retained after the passive verb Strict-

_ly speaking, place itself is the retained object

and [which] I lost is an adjective clause mod-

at

203 B REASON: Look is the direct ob-

ject of the participle (which has verbal force)

giving Incidentally, manager is the indirect

object of the participle (13a)

303 C It is generally held that English

is one of the most poorly taught subjects in

high school today REASON: The adverb

poorly (not the adjective poorest) must be

used to modify the participle taught (le)

403 D Punish, whoever disobeys our

commands REASON: The subject of the sub-

ordinate clause (whoever disobeys our com-

mands) is in the nominative case (whoever)

FRAME 104

There was nothing to do but walk

(A) object of but

(B) verb in apposition with nothing

(C) subject of was (D) modifies nothing

FRAME 304 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) The Wall Street operator worked strenuously until

3 o’clock and then took things easily for the rest of the day

(B) Many a challenge in the realm of politics is fraught with

pitfalls for the unwary

(C) It was his intention to give due acknowledgment to who-

ever sent condolences

(D) America really did itself proud in the Tokyo Olympics

FRAME 404 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Henry maintains that he has already read the article in its entirety

(B) A large number of people signed the petition

(C) We appreciate you going to all this trouble for us

(D) The biennial election of Congressmen is held in the even- numbered years

page 7

Trang 24

503 C If anyone wants a good laugh,

let him read a few pages of Benchley or

Thurber REASON: him refers to a singular

antecedent (anyone) (17)

603 A The manager told me he would

have my car ready for me as soon as he could

get the service department on the telephone

REASON: Sequence of tenses requires the

past tense (could) (23b)

703 A The taller of the twins accom-

panied the detectives during the search for

the missing jewels REASON: The compara-

tive form taller refers to one of the two in

803 D His mother forbade him to play

football until his marks improved REASON:

The infinitive (to play) follows the verb to

903 B Put the book into this drawer

REASON: Motion from one place to another

is expressed by into (71)

(A) Harry is determined to go, whatever the risk

(B) After she had finished her hot drink, she retired for the

(A) John is quite tall; his sister, on the other hand, is rather short

(B) The plan I recommend will be successful if all who par-

ticipate do their best

(C) After he had paid the fee and saw the pictures, he was

quite satisfied

(D) Because the child had to have his lunch before we left,

we were delayed

(A) Using the opening line instead of the title, children often tell us that they are singing ““My country, ’tis of thee.” (B) I must have read hundreds of novels, but this book is the excitingest I have ever read

(C) My only conclusion was this: not a single member of the club wanted to reveal his true convictions

(D) That a man should remain silent is better than that he should tell a lie

(A) He has an interest and an aptitude for his work

(B) I shall send him rather than her

(C) I set the can of paint on the window sill

(D) I had just lain down when the telephone rang

(A) He carried out the order with great dispatch but with

Trang 25

4 D REASON: Is is a copulative verb

connecting the subject (obstinacy) and the

predicate noun (strength) (Ic)

104 A REASON: Walk is an infinitive

(to walk) used as a noun—as such it is the ob-

ject of the preposition but (7f, 13)

204 A REASON: Shade is an adverbial

objective because it is a noun used adverbial-

ly to modify the verb had been painted (13h)

304 A The Wall Street operator worked

strenuously until 3 o’clock and then took

things easy for the rest of the day REASON:

_ In the expression to take things easy (which

is considered acceptable in spoken English),

easy is used as an adverb In the original

sentence, the idea of theft would be present

if we took things easily (4, 40b)

404 C We appreciate your going to all

this trouble for us REASON: The gerund (go-

ing) must be modified by an adjective (your)

—not a pronoun (you) (14h)

FRAME 5

The teacher made the very mistake against which he had warned his pupils

(A) adverb (B) reflexive pronoun (C) adjective

(D) subject of is

FRAME 205

He was urged to leave

(A) adjective phrase (B) predicate complement

known before, the thrill and the satisfaction that come

(C) Merrihew, who I never thought was even in the running, has won

(D) I should be unfair to both she and you if I did not warn you that, in my estimation, you are committing an egregious blunder

page 9

Trang 26

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS FRAME: FRAME 505 (Find the incorrect sentence.)

504 C The automobile is now a neces- (A) We had to walk about five miles before finding a gas sta-

sity; everybody uses it REASON: it refers to tion

singular noun (automobile) (17) (B) The willful sending of a false alarm has, and may, result

in homicide

(C) Please bring that book to me at once!

(D) Neither my sister nor I am interested in bowling

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS FRAME: FRAME 605 (Find the incorrect sentence.) |

604 C After he had paid the fee and (A) The parents taught brother and sister to help each other

seen the pictures, he was quite satisfied REA- (B) Were anyone else’s possessions lost in the hotel fire?

SON: The past perfect verb form is had seen (C) Arthur has laid on the couch all morning |

(22d) (D) These kinds of remarks do little to bring about good will —

704 B I must have read hundreds of (A) His friend and fellow staff member speaks courageously

novels, but this book is the most exciting | in his defense

have ever read REASON: The superlative of (B) The class was very much excited over the announcement

exciting cannot take the -est form (42b) of the test

(C) Peculiar though it may seem, no one in that family trusts

the others

(D) The most unique feature of the book was the strange ty-

pography

804 A He has an interest in and an apti- (A) This is the report we were looking for and which docu- tude for his work REASON: The preposition ments the actions taken

(in) is necessary for the understood preposi- (B) Rover, a black Labrador retriever, won the blue Hibben _

tional phrase (in his work) (53) (C) The moist, chilly climate aggravated her sinus condition _

(D) Many a student has been disappointed in his marks _

904 D Miss Smith made fewer errors (A) Leave us face it—the jury cannot make a determination than the other typists REASON: fewer refers of the facts

to countable items —less refers to bulk items (B) His precision resulted in a nice discrimination between

(C) Green vegetables are healthful foods

(D) We shall attempt to ascertain whether there has been

any tampering with the lock

Trang 27

Se REASON: Very is an adjective mod-

ifying the noun mistake (1d)

105 B REASON: To see is an infinitive

used as a predicate noun after the copulative

Z

205 D REASON: The sentence, in its ac-

tive form, would read: ‘““They urged him to

leave.’ In the passive form sentence given

in the question, the objective complement to

leave is retained (13i)

305 C Whenever one comes upona fact

that one has never known before, one ex-

periences the thrill and the satisfaction that

come with knowledge REASON: The original

sentence is incomplete (5a, 24d)

405 D I should be unfair to both her

and you if I did not warn you that, in my es-

timation, you are committing an egregious

blunder REASON: As object of the preposi-

tion to, her is the correct form (13c)

FRAME 6

I have come this far but I shall go no farther

(A) pronoun (B) adverb (C) adjective

(D) object of preposition

FRAME 206

A rueful smile smiled the maid

(A) subject of a verb

(B) object of a preposition (understood) (C) indirect object

(D) cognate object

(A) Come home with me for dinner, and I shall make you

steak and potatoes

(B) Our youngest son was graduated from a military school

last year

(C) How does weather affect retail sales?

(D) We sell goods received from both government and non-

Trang 28

505 B The willful sending of a false

alarm has resulted, and may result, in homi-

cide REASON: The ellipsis of the verb in the

original sentence is not permissible (17b)

605 C Arthur has lain on the couch all

morning REASON: The present perfect of to

705 D The unique feature of the book

was the strange typography REASON: most

805 A This is the report for which we

were looking and with which he took action

REASON: The original sentence lacks parallel

905 A Let us face it—the jury cannot

make a determination of the facts REASON:

Since an infinitive (to) face follows, we must

use Let When there is no infinitive, we use

Leave (Leave us alone) (71)

(A) English homonyms frequently confuse foreigners who are trying to learn our language

(B) That he failed to pass the test was no surprise to any of

(A) I have learned many lessons when I worked for you (B) The jury are divided in their opinions

(C) Neither of the teams was on the field at the scheduled game time

(D) ‘Please take this report to the office,” the man said, “and

give it to Mr Jones’ secretary.”

(A) I was too greatly relieved to be able to say anything

(B) These insignia date back to ancient Roman times

(C) We observed a strange phenomenon: the house seemed

to sway in the wind and to tremble like a leaf

(D) It would be more preferable if you were no longer seen

in his company

FRAME 806 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) The murderer suffered from a persistent and frightening hallucination

(B) The college, therefore, is a combination of many factors (C) Dr Arthur Jones, a Baptist minister, lectured on the tenets of Taoism

(D) The play, for all its much-heralded novelty, was not near

as challenging as we had expected it to be

(A) Last night I visited a friend who has just returned to America

(B) Due to his long absence he was unable to keep up with his class

(C) “I have nothing further to say,” he stated

(D) Our country is proud of its powerful industries

Trang 29

6 B REASON: This, ordinarily a pro-

noun or an adjective, is used here as an ad-

verb modifying the adverb far (le)

106 A REASON: Reason is the subject of

the gerund (being) There is merely an exple-

tive Incidentally, the gerund phrase there

being a reason is the object of the preposi-

206 D REASON: Smile is a noun which

completes the meaning of the intransitive

verb smiled (smiled a smile) Smile, moreover,

has a similarity to the verb smiled Smile, is

consequently, a cognate object (13))

306 A If you come home with me for

dinner, | shall make you steak and potatoes

REASON: The original sentence lacks neces-

406 C I thought it to be him REASON:

The subject (it) of the infinitive is in the ob-

jective case It follows that the predicate

noun (which means the same as the subject)

is in the objective case (him) (13e)

(D) pronoun

FRAME 107

Did they give the boys the scholarships?

(A) indirect object (B) direct object

(A) The canoeist found that his fatigue was noticeable after

a few hours

(B) As an executive, you'll probably lose less time from work this year because of illness than any of your em- ployees

(C) Our union considers it imperative that ‘“‘no strike” laws

be repealed

(D) The sales manager wanted to know what was the custom-

er complaining about

(A) The spectators thought the winner of the third race to be

he

(B) He it was who told the tale of hidden treasures

(C) I inferred from his remarks that he had enjoyed himself

(D) It was not his father’s influence that led him to choose that kind of work

Trang 30

506 C By three o’clock I shall have

either finished the work or called your office

for further instructions REASON: The future

perfect of call is (shall have) called (17b, 21b)

606 A I learned many lessons when I

worked for you REASON: The past tense —

not the present er tense — is proper here

(22b, c)

706 D It would be preferable if you

were no longer seen in his company REA-

SON: Since preferable means more desirable,

it is not compared (43a)

806 D The play, for all its much-her-

alded novelty, was not nearly so challenging

_as we had expected it to be REASON: nearly,

an adverb, is used to modify the adjective

(challenging) Also, in a negative comparison,

the expression is not .so .as (56c)

906 B Because of his long absence he

was unable to keep up with his class REA-

SON: Never Start a sentence with Due to (71)

FRAME 507 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Who’s going to warn us when they’re here?

(B) I had no sooner entered the house and closed the door

than the lightning streaked across the sky

(C) Even the most unsympathetic person would have to feel bad about so great a catastrophe

(D) You must and often have taken an unpopular stand when

necessary

(A) I cannot but help admiring you for your dedication to your job

(B) Because they had insisted upon showing us films of their

travels, we have lost many friends whom we once cher-

(B) Being a beatnik, he felt that it would be a betrayal of his cause to wear shoes and socks at the same time

(C) Riding over the Brooklyn Bridge gave us an opportunity

to see the Manhattan skyline

(D) By the time the late mail has been delivered, we shall have left for home

FRAME 807 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Each applicant was required to give his name, age, and

where he lived

(B) Andrew has been away for months: hence his bewilder-

ment at these new laws is understandable

(C) Whether he be vagabond or courtier, he may ——

(D) At the conference, it transpired that the president had absconded with the funds six months before

(A) Located on a mountainside with a babbling brook beside the door, it was a dream palace

(B) Blessed are they that have not seen and yet have be- lieved

(C) The customs in that part of the country are much different than I expected

(D) Politics, even in towns of small population, has always

attracted ambitious young lawyers

Trang 31

Tle REASON: Little is used as an ad-

verb of degree, modifying the verb leave Ac-

tually, we have an ellipsis here —a little

while —in which while is an adverbial objec-

107 A REASON: After the verb give, we

have here the indirect object (to) boys—also

_ the direct object scholarships (7c)

207 A REASON: Him is the subject of

the infinitive to be As such, the objective

form (him) is used (not he) (13e)

307 D The sales manager wanted to

know what the customer was complaining

about REASON: To avoid awkward expres-

sion, get the auxiliary (was) and the main part

of the verb (complaining) together Inciden-

tally, it would also be correct to move the

preposition about farther front: .ta know

about what the customer was complaining (6)

407 A The spectators thought the win-

ner of the third race to be him REASON: The

word race, as the subject of the infinitive to

be, is in the objective case The predicate

noun must, accordingly, be in the objective

case —therefore him (13e)

FRAME 8

Since summer, | have merely marked time

(A) adverb (B) conjunction (C) preposition (D) adjective

FRAME 108

Flying his plane was his means of relieving tedium

(A) gerund, part of subject

(B) participle modifying plane (C) adjective modifying plane

(D) gerund in apposition with relieving

FRAME 208

Is there any objection to my being treasurer on this occasion? (A) object of the preposition

(B) subject of the verb

(C) complement of the verb (D) complement of the verbal

FRAME 308 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) We shall report the accident to the policeman upon his

(B) He was so fast that he finished the work in half an hour

(C) Ifthe chairman is absent, who’s to take his place?

(D) Each member of the club is expected to present his report at the end of this month

page 15

Trang 32

507 D You must take, as you have

often taken, an unpopular stand when neces-

sary REASON: The original sentence suffers

from unwarranted ellipsis as well as awk-

wardness (17b, 56a)

607 B Because they had insisted upon

showing us films of their travels, we lost

many friends whom we once cherished REA-

SON: The past perfect tense (had insisted) re-

quires a past tense (lost) in proper sequence

707 A In no other country is freedom of

speech and assembly so jealously guarded

as in this country REASON: We must dif-

ferentiate between “this country” and all

other countries (43b)

807 A Each applicant was required to

give his name, age and residence REASON:

Consistency of construction is required Just

as name and age are direct object nouns, the

third in the series should be a direct object

noun (residence) (56a)

907 C The customs in that part of the

country are much different from what I ex-

pected REASON: The correct expression is

different from— not different than (71)

(A) Ethics is too difficult a course for me

(B) The uncle, as well as the aunt, deserve credit

(C) A boatful of bananas was lost at sea

(D) Should he return, give him this letter

FRAME 608 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Lhad expected to see my brother

(B) He expected to have seen his brother

(C) I hoped to see you do better

(D) It was his duty to assist our friend

(A) I said through tears that surprised me, “I would give this scholarship up, | would never touch the piano again,

if only Papa would come back.”

(B) The house was a 19th century copy of an Italian Palace with lawns dropping to a canal

(C) I think that he is as effective a broadcaster, if not more

effective, than Ed Murrow

(D) Life has always had such special difficulties Oh, if I knew what to do!

FRAME 808 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Jack liked all sports: tennis, basketball, football, and etc

(B) The boy began his research by consulting the encyclo- pedia

(C) The dull introduction was a poor prelude to the Subs® quent chapters —

(D) The waters began to recede when the wind died down

(A) You ought to begin, oughtn’t you?

(B) When she graduates college she will be twenty-one

(C) The law prescribed when and to whom the tax should be paid

(D) We would rather die than surrender

Trang 33

Sane REASON: Since is a preposition in

this case because it introduces the noun sum-

mer Together (Since summer) we have a

prepositional phrase (1f)

108 A REASON: Flying is a gerund (a

noun with verbal quality) The entire gerund

phrase (Flying his plane) is the subject of was

(7f)

208 D REASON: The gerund (a noun

verbal ending in ing) is being Since being is

copulative it may take a predicate noun

(treasurer) A predicate noun is one type of

308 B The only vacant room is on the

fourth floor REASON: The original sentence

408 A It is not quite clear whether it

was his friend or he who has requested the fa-

vor REASON: The copulative verb (was) re-

quires a predicate nominative (he) (12d)

FRAME 9

The Marine Corps trains all recruits to shoot straight

) adverb (B) adjective

) noun

) incorrect usage

FRAME 109

The pitcher made the batter hit the ball

(A) object of hit

(B) direct object of made

(C) retained object (D) indirect object of made

FRAME 209

None but the brave deserve the fair

subordinating conjunction adversative conjunction preposition

relative pronoun

FRAME 309 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Most Americans read the newspapers, and it is therefore

an excellent means of spreading propaganda

(B) Rather than go with Pat, he decided to stay at home (C) His telling the truth in the face of such dire consequences required great moral courage

(D) He has been rescued by no common deliverer from the grasp of no common foe

FRAME 409 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) I knew him to be the ringleader

(B) Who did you ask to go to the dance?

(C) Everyone has studied his lesson

(D) The material used in this cabinet was oak and white pine

page 17

Trang 34

508 B The uncle, as well as the aunt,

deserves credit REASON: The subject of the

sentence is singular (uncle) Therefore, the

verb must be singular (deserves) (18b)

608 B He expected to see my brother

REASON: The present infinitive is used to in-

dicate time that is the same as, or after, the

principal verb (expected) (25b)

708 C I think that he is as effective a

broadcaster as, if not more effective than Ed

Murrow REASON: The correlative conjunc-

tion (as-as) is needed (43c)

808 A —_ Jack liked all sports: tennis,

basketball, football, etc REASON: and is

omitted since it is redundant (58b)

ANWER TO PREVIOUS FRAME:

908 B When she graduates from col-

lege, she will be twenty-one REASON: The

correct expression for completing the school-

work is to graduate from Incidentally, this

is better than the passive form, to be gradu-

ated from, though both usages are correct

(71)

(A) He gave two reasons: first, lack of funds; and second,

he was disturbed by the thought of what his constituents would say

(B) Although McIntyre had never tried his hand at fencing,

he picked up the foils without a visible tremor

(C) After the noise had died down, I found the visitor to be him

(D) A number of the so-called guests had not actually been invited

FRAME 609 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Amiable persons make amicable adjustments

-(B) Being unable to hear the speaker, we fell asleep

(C) When Peter reached home, he found he lost his wallet, -

FRAME 709 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Compare the aroma of our cigars with any other cigar in

the same price class

(B) She is the only one of the four chosen who really has

FRAME 809 (Find the incorrect sentence.) -

(A) Her gown was of heavy green brocade, and which was

(B) “She said that you wanted to see me,” said Louise

(C) I wish he were more like Joe, an honor student in high school and a good athlete

(D) The study of grammar can be an exciting experier

when the proper technique of instructionis used

(A) I believe that we are liable to have good weather to-

morrow

(B) From what I could see, I thought he acted like the others

(C) Perpetual motion is an idea which is not unthinkable (D) Many of us taxpayers are displeased with the service

Trang 35

9 A REASON: Straight is an adverb

(telling ““Show’’) modifying the infinitive to

109 B REASON: Batter is the direct ob-

ject of made hit (to hit) is an objective com-

ae

209 C REASON: But here is a preposi-

tion (meaning except in this case) introducing

the noun brave (13c)

—6 309 A Most Americans read the news-

papers, which are therefore an excellent

means of spreading propaganda REASON:

_ First, the thought here calls for a complex,

- not a compound, sentence Second, the ante-

_cedent of the pronoun, which, is newspapers

The latter is plural—therefore, the pronoun

409 B Whom did you ask to go to the

dance? REASON: The subject of the infinitive

(to go) is in the objective case (whom) (13d)

FRAME 10

He went home, for his father had sent for him

A) preposition B) conjunction C) expletive D) appositive

(A) (B) ( (

FRAME 110

I should like to help, for yours is the heavier burden

(A) the subject of is

(B) possessive pronoun, elliptical construction

( ( (C)

(D) retained object

FRAME 310 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) To me this is truly a book that, after you have read it, you will find that it has changed your way of viewing your surroundings

(B) He had to learn the truth; therefore, he decided to visit

Trang 36

509 A He gave two reasons: first, lack

of funds; and second, concern for constituen-

cy remarks REASON: The original sentence

lacks parallel construction (18d)

609 C When Peter reached home, he

found he had lost his wallet REASON: The

past perfect (had lost) is needed to express

a past action that occurs before the other

past action (reached) (22d)

709 A Compare the aroma of our cigars

with that of any other cigar in the same price

class REASON: The expression that of refers

809 A Her gown was of heavy green

brocade, which was most becoming to her

REASON: and is redundant (58c)

909 A I believe that we are likely to

have good weather tomorrow REASON:

liable is used for undesirable happenings

(71)

(A) The officials hanged the assassin in the prison yard (B) Having completed my chores, I turned to my favorite subject, history

(C) Macy’s sells merchandise of equal quality and having

_(B) He borrowed a dollar from me today

(C) After taking an apple from the table, he slipped out the

back door

(D) She made a loan of one hundred dollars

FRAME 710 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) The setting is a coastal town, where groups of lively, well-bred youngsters are frolicking idyllically in the shadow of war

(B) Entranced and inspired by the sight of the Taj Mahal, all other architectural masterpieces fade into insignificance

(C) Sandburg, the biographer of Lincoln, was awarded the

Pulitzer Prize

(D) He bowed in reverence to the ruler

(A) Much to his surprise, his classmates agreed at the proposal to cancel the picnic

(B) This is the more interesting of the two books

(C) Between you and me, I am positive that Ellen is in error

(D) The Misses Foley were invited to the party 2

(A) He was charged with having committed many larcenous

acts

(B) Material wealth is certainly not something to be dis- missed cavalierly

(C) He is one of those people who do everything promptly

(D) I hope to be able to retaliate for the assistance you have given me

Trang 37

10 B REASON: For, which means the

same as because in this sentence, is a sub-

ordinate conjunction (1g)

110 A REASON: Yours is a possessive

pronoun acting as the subject of the copula-

210 D REASON: The sentence, in its

active form, would read: ‘“They granted him

the opportunity ” In the passive form sen-

tence given in the question, the direct object

opportunity is retained (13i)

310 A From my point of view, after

you have read this book, you will find that it

has changed your way of viewing your sur-

roundings REASON: The original sentence

is too cumbersome (6, 47)

410 B Three months pass in no time at

all when you spend your vacation by travel-

ing in Europe REASON: In the original sen-

tence, vacation could be misinterpreted as an

adjective modifying the gerund traveling

(C) adverb modifying a participle

(D) preposition governing a gerund

FRAME 211

She asks us to stop and consider

(A) subject of infinitive

(B) indirect object of verb (C) object of preposition understood

(D) none of these

(A) I saw two of them, and one waved his hand

(B) Do not use the word posted when you mean informed

(C) He was extremely kind to me

(D) No one was there only Charles

FRAME 411 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Luckily, we happened to find a really tame deer

(B) In her autobiographical essays, she often alludes to her early life in Wales

(C) Were your reactions similar to hers?

(D) He was my uncle, my mother’s brother, who I hadn't seen for ten years

page 21

Trang 38

510 C Macy’s sells merchandise both

of equal quality and of lower price REASON:

The original sentence does not have balance

(18d)

610 A The let him lie where he had

lain REASON: The past perfect of to lie is

710 B Entranced and inspired by the

sight of the Taj Mahal, we observed that all

other architectural masterpieces fade into

insignificance REASON: The subject of the

sentence must refer to a person who be-

comes entranced and inspired (44f)

810 A Much to his surprise, his class-

mates agreed to the proposal to cancel the

picnic REASON: agreed at the proposal is

910 D I hope to be able to reciprocate

for the assistance you have given me REA-

SON: retaliate means to strike back for some

injury; reciprocate means to pay back for a

FRAME S511 (Find the incorrect sentence.)

(A) We should appreciate your prompt reply to our query (B) A supervisor should be democratic, sympathetic, and be able to take a firm position when necessary

(C) He had four guests with him, Donald among the rest (D) That’s the tiredest-looking puppy I’ve ever seen

(A) The child is able to shape the clay easily

(B) I intended to go to the store

(C) He is reported to be killed

(D) | feel well again

(A) Entering on the arm of the colonel, Mrs Partridge’s gown fell into graceful folds

(B) Many friends may be loved, but few much loved

(C) There is none like her, none

(D) The days move on, we falling by the way

(A) Closed-circuit television is interesting instructive, andl also serves as an excellent device for teacher training (B) The winner of the award was that attractive young wom-

an, whom few people would have considered to be a

serious contender

(C) The ladies’ and children’s clothing was strewn all around

(D) He was one of the marines who disappeared

(A) There was, in the first place, no indication that a crime

had been committed

(B) She is taller than any other member of the class

(C) Politics is nothing more or less than making the right connections

(D) Haven’t you any film in stock at this time?

Trang 39

11 C REASON: Addressing is a partici-

ple (verbal adjective) modifying man Now

is an adverb modifying addressing (le)

111.D ‘REASON: Where he works is a_

_ clause used as a predicate noun after the

copulative verb is _ (7c, 580)

21s A REASON: Us is the subject of the

infinitive to stop (also to consider) (13e)

311 D ~—_—sNo one but Charles was there

REASON: The original sentence is awkward

and run-on oe (6a)

411 D He was my uncle, my mother’s

brother, whom I hadn’t seen for ten years

REASON: The direct object of had seen is

whom (in the objective case) (13a)

FRAME 12

The decision, unfortunately, came too late

(A) an adverb modifying the verb came (B) an adverb modifying the adverb too (C) an adverb modifying the adjective late ) (D) an independent adverb

) )

FRAME 112

“Notice Neptune, though

_ Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,

Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!”’

(A) object of the verb (B) modifies the noun, sea-horse (C) predicate verb

(D) modifies the noun, Neptune

FRAME 212

We asked him to stay a short while to meet our friends

(A) subordinate conjunction (B) conjunctive adverb (C) relative pronoun (D) adverbial objective

FRAME 312 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) Henry was very grateful for the bonus which Mr Block sent to him

(B) If the class had listened carefully, they would of heard

when the papers were due

(C) On arriving at the bus terminal, the mysterious stranger discarded his luggage

(D) He smiles as my uncle used to smile

FRAME 412 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) The attorney cited a ruling of the Supreme Court as an

instance of the application of this principle

(B) We took Jean, Mary, and she to the dance

(C) I apologize; I really should have known your new ad- dress

(D) John said that he would transfer to another school at the end of the year

page 23

Trang 40

511 B A supervisor should be demo-

cratic, sympathetic, and firm when neces-

sary REASON: Parallel construction requires

the use of adjectives (18d)

611 C He is reported to have been

killed REASON: Since the time of the infini-

tive is prior to that of the main verb (re-

ported), we use the past infinitive (to have

711 A While Mrs Partridge was en-

tering on the arm of the colonel, her gown

fell into graceful folds REASON: In the origi-

nal sentence, the gown (modified by the pres-

ent participle entering) was doing the enter-

811 A Closed-circuit television is

interesting, instructive, and useful for

teacher training REASON: Parallel construc-

tion with the use of adjectives provides for a

well-balanced sentence (56a)

2 at 6 Politics is nothing more nor less

than making the right connections REASON:

nothing more or less is unacceptable (71)

FRAME 512 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) We have done poorly, but the other party has done

FRAME 612 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) It is interesting to study the lives of men who were con- temporaries but who lived in different countries

(B) He was one of those men who like to have others obey them

(C) We were searching for our friend when suddenly a cry

comes out of the darkness

(D) “I am going to the library,” said John ““Would you like

to walk with me?”

FRAME 712 (Find the incorrect sentence.) (A) I want Bill on the school baseball team because his fast ball is as good if not better than Joe’s

(B) Please let me have the following: thirty rulers, twelve erasers, Six pencils, and twenty-four notebooks

(C) Mary is a girl whom we all respect

(D) When a man worries incessantly about his health, people are likely to think he is a hypochondriac

(A) The building superintendent had already determined that

a local statute forbade the use of plastics in this area (B) My friend planned a trip to several countries, but which

cost more than he could afford

(C) Perhaps it was easier to discover the principles of atomic radiation than to invent the bomb that made use of these principles

(D) Pencils, pens, and notebooks are the customary tools of the pupil

(A) The reason why I am writing to you is that I wish to

avoid further misunderstanding

(B) On account of there was adequate police protection the march was not disrupted

(C) Regardless of your decision, I shall have to go

(D) I have only twenty pupils in this class

Tiêu đề	A New Grammar Using The Programmed Learning Method
Tác giả	Edward C. Gruber, M.S. Ed.
Người hướng dẫn	William Jassey, Ed.D., Kay Hampares, Ph.D.
Trường học	Columbia University
Thể loại	Luận văn
Thành phố	New York

Định dạng
Số trang	336
Dung lượng	23,19 MB